Sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate

Acute Toxicity: oral

Administrative data

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

review article or handbook

Title:

Oral toxicity of xanthates

Author:

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology

Year:

1984

Bibliographic source:

Vol 24, 2nd ed, pp 645-661, John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

Reference 2

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unpublished toxicological data to C.B. Shaffer, American Cyanamid;

Author:

Dow Chemical Company, 1964

Year:

1964

Bibliographic source:

American Cyanamid; data from P. Avotin, American Cyanamid, 1982 as cited in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopaedia of Chemical

Reference 3

Reference Type:

review article or handbook

Title:

Priority existing chemical Report No. 5

Author:

Dep. of Health and Ageing, Australian Government

Year:

1995

Bibliographic source:

National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other

GLP compliance:

no

Test type:

other: LD50

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate

EC Number:

246-805-2

EC Name:

Sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate

Cas Number:

25306-75-6

Molecular formula:

C5H10OS2.Na

IUPAC Name:

sodium [(2-methylpropoxy)methanethioyl]sulfanide

Test material form:

solid: bulk

Details on test material:

SIBX/Sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate is produced by the reaction of an isobutyl alcohol with sodium hydroxide to form alcoholate and subsequently adding carbon disulfide to form SIBX/ Sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate.
SIBX/Sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate contains 2-methylpropan-1-ol l/isobutyl alcohol (CAS number 78-83-1) and sodium hydroxide (CAS number 1310-73-2) which are an integral part of the substance.

2-methylpropan-1-ol l/ isobutyl alcohol (CAS number 78-83-1) and sodium hydroxide (CAS number 1310-73-2) are both reagents used in the manufacture of SIBX/Sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate. Therefore, 2-methylpropan-1-ol l/ isobutyl alcohol (CAS number 78-83-1) and sodium hydroxide (CAS number 1310-73-2) need to be considered in the assessment of SIBX/Sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate.

CAS name: isobutyl alcohol
EC / List name: 2-methylpropan-1-ol
IUPAC name: 2-methylpropan-1-ol
EC / List no.: 201-148-0
CAS no.: 78-83-1

CAS name: sodium hydroxide
EC / List name: Sodium hydroxide
IUPAC name: sodium hydroxide
EC / List no.: 215-185-5
CAS no.: 1310-73-2

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS

- Weight at study initiation: 200-265g

- Fasting period before study: Over night

- Housing: Group housing (5 of each sex per cage), in metal cages provided with white pine and cheddar shavings.

- Diet: Purina Laboratory Chow, ad libitum.

- Water: ad libitum

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on oral exposure:

CLASS METHOD (if applicable)
- Rationale for the selection of the starting dose: Exploratory doses were administered to 8 rats to estimate the order of toxicity of the test compound. Based on the preliminary estimation, groups of 10 rats (5M, 5F) were administered the test compound at graded dosage levels designed to blanket the toxicity range.

Doses:

500,2000 mg

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5 female, 5 male

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days

- Frequency of observations and weighing: Regular intervals on the day of dosing and daily thereafter for 14 days.

- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes

- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight,organ weights, histopathology, other: Gross necropsies were performed on all survivors and any animals which died during the observation period. Body weights of survivors were recorded prior to sacrifice.

Results and discussion

Effect levels

Effect levels 1

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

500 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks on result:

other: The findings of this study indicate that Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate produces adverse effects on the central nervous system, liver and kidneys.

Effect levels 2

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks on result:

other: The findings of this study indicate that Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate produces adverse effects on the central nervous system, liver and kidneys.

Mortality:

All death occurring 1 to 2 hours after administration.

Clinical signs:

other: Oral administration of Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate to rats produced increased motor activity, cyanosis, irritability, increased respiration and convulsions with death occurring 1 to 2 hours after administration.

Gross pathology:

Autopsy showed perivascular and pericellular oedema, multiple haemorrhages in the lungs, perivascular subarachnoid haemorrhages and acute
swelling of the cells of the cortex, subcortical ganglia and the brain stem. Fatty dystrophy of the liver and protein dystrophy of the twisted canaliculi of the
kidneys were observed.

Other findings:

The findings of this study indicate that Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate produces adverse effects on the central nervous system, liver and kidneys.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 3:	Oral toxicity of xanthates (from: Kirk-Othmer, 1984)16
Xanthate	Species		LD0	(mg/kg)	LD50	(mg/kg)	References
Sodium ethyl		rat	500		—		17
Potassium ethyl		Rat  mouse	500		1700 583		17, 18
Sodium isopropyl		rat	250		—		17
Potassium isopropyl		rat mouse	— —		1700  583		18 —
Potassium n-butyl		mouse	—		411  465		19,20
Sodium isobutyl		rat			500		17
Potassium isobutyl		rat mouse	— —		1290  480		18 18
Sodium sec-butyl		rat	—		>2000		17
Potassium amyl (mixed)		rat	1000		1000–2000		17, 21
Potassium iso amyl		rat mouse	— —		765 470		18 18
C5-C6 mixture		rat	—		1500		22

 

 

The LD50 value of 500 mg/kg was determined for Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate. This show that Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate is of a moderately order of acute oral toxicity .

 

The LD50 of the various xanthates are similar, ranging from 411 to 583mg/kg in mice and from 1000 to >2000 mg/kg in rats.

The acute oral toxic effects of one xanthate, potassium butyl xanthate, are providedin two summaries in Chemical Abstracts.

 Similar symptoms and pathologyfindings were seen in these studies carried out by Babayan.

 

References :

16.Kirk-Othmer Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology,Vol 24, 2nd ed, pp 645-661,John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

17.Dow Chemical Company, 1964, unpublished toxicological data to C.B. Shaffer,American Cyanamid; data from P. Avotin, American Cyanamid, privatecommunication, 1982 as cited in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopaedia of Chemical

18.Babayan, E.A., 1963, “Toxicology of Potassium Butyl Xanthate” Material 2-oi[Vtoroi] Itog. Nauchn. Konf. Inst. Gigieny Truda I Prof. Zabolevan Posvyashch.Vopr. Gigieny Truda I Prof. Patol. Erevan, pp 75-77 (Pub 1964)(Russ)Chem Abstract,64, 8836e (1966).

19.Babayan, E.A., “Toxicological Characteristics of the Flotation Agent PotassiumButyl Xanthate”, Mater. Itogovoi Nauch. Konf. Vop. Gig Tr Profpatol. Khim.Gornorud. Prom., 3rd 1966 (Pub 1968) 97-102 (Russ) inChemical Abstracts,Vol 73,1970.

20.Fronk, N.G., The Dow Chemical Company, private communication, 1982, as cited inKirk-Othmer Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology,Vol 24, 2nd Ed, pp 645-661,John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

21.Buzina, A.Z., Burkhanov, A.I. and Abeuev, Kh.B., 1977 Zdravookhr. Kaz., 88 ascited inKirk-Othmer Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology,Vol 24, 2nd Ed, pp645-661, John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

22.Chemical Abstracts,Vol 64, 1966.

 

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

other: moderately toxic

Remarks:

Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

The LD50 value of 500 mg/kg was determined in a reliable study. This show that SIBX is of a moderately order of acute oral toxicity .
Based on the data provided in this review, SReaction mass of SIBX e shall be classified for acute oral toxicity.