Alcohols, lanolin

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Between 25 February 2010 and 26 March 2010.

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted in compliance with agreed protocols, with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do not affect the quality of relevant results.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

JAPAN: Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing Of Chemicals

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Date of inspection: 15th September 2009 Date of signature: 26th November 2009

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Lanolin alcohols

IUPAC Name:

Lanolin alcohols

Details on test material:

Sponsor's identification :Lanolin Alcohols
Description : Yellow solid
Purity : >90%
Batch number : 0000388517
Date received : 08 February 2010
Expiry date : 29 October 2010
Storage conditions :Room temperature in the dark

Method

Target gene:

Histidine operon for Salmonella
Tryptophan operon for Escherichia

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Not applicable

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

other: Deletion through the excision repair gene (uvrB- Salmonella strains) which renders the organism incapable of DNA excision repair and deep rough mutation (rfa) which increases the permeability of the cell wall.

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Not applicable

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

other: Requires tryptophan and can be reverse mutated by base substitution to tryptophan independence. This strain also has a deletion in an excision repair gene (uvrA-).

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

phenobarbitone/beta-naphthaflavone

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Preliminary toxicity test: 0, 0.15, 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate

Mutation tests (Experiments 1 and 2): 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: acetone

- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The test material was insoluble in dimethyl sulphoxide at 50 mg/ml but was fully soluble in acetone in solubility checks performed in-house. Acetone was, therefore, selected as the vehicle. Sterile distilled water was not selected as a potential vehicle following information supplied by the sponsor.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Acetone

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine

Remarks:

Without S9 mix for 2 µg plate for WP2uvrA, 3 µg/plate for TA100 and 5µg/plate for TA1535

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Acetone

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

9-aminoacridine

Remarks:

Without S9 mix for 80 µg/plate for TA 1537

Controls 3

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Acetone

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

Remarks:

Without S9 mix for 0.2 µg/plate for TA98

Controls 4

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Spontaneous mutation rates

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Actone

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

benzo(a)pyrene

Remarks:

With S9 mix for 5 µg/plate for TA98

Controls 5

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-Aminoanthracene (2AA)

Remarks:

With S9 mix for 1 µg/plate for TA 100, 2 µg/plate for TA1535 and TA1537, and 10 µg/plate for WP2uvrA

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)

DURATION
- Preincubation period: 10 hours
- Exposure duration: 48 hours
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): not applicable
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): not applicable
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): 48 hours

SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): not applicable
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): not applicable
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): not applicable

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: triplicate plating

NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: not applicable

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
-Lawn deficiency and colony reduction

OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Stability and sterility

Evaluation criteria:

Acceptance Criteria
The reverse mutation assay may be considered valid if the following criteria are met:
All tester strain cultures exhibit a characteristic number of spontaneous revertants per plate in the vehicle and untreated controls.
The appropriate characteristics for each tester strain have been confirmed, eg rfa cell-wall mutation and pKM101 plasmid R-factor etc.
All tester strain cultures should be in the range of 1 to 9.9 x 109 bacteria per ml.
Each mean positive control value should be at least twice the respective vehicle control value for each strain, thus demonstrating both the intrinsic sensitivity of the tester strains to mutagenic exposure and the integrity of the S9-mix.
There should be a minimum of four non-toxic test material dose levels.
There should be no evidence of excessive contamination.

Evaluation Criteria
There are several criteria for determining a positive result, such as a dose-related increase in revertant frequency over the dose range tested and/or a reproducible increase at one or more concentrations in at least one bacterial strain with or without metabolic activation. Biological relevance of the results will be considered first, statistical methods, as recommended by the UKEMS (6) can also be used as an aid to evaluation, however, statistical significance will not be the only determining factor for a positive response.
A test material will be considered non-mutagenic (negative) in the test system if the above criteria are not met.
Although most experiments will give clear positive or negative results, in some instances the data generated will prohibit a definitive judgement about the test material activity. Results of this type will be reported as equivocal.

Statistics:

Standard deviation

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Remarks:

- but tested up to maximum recommended dose level of 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Remarks:

- but tested up to maximum recommended dose level of 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: none stated in report
- Effects of osmolality: none stated in report
- Evaporation from medium: none stated in report
- Water solubility: insoluble in water, so acetone used as solvent
- Precipitation: A greasy, particulate precipitate was noted at and above 1500 and 500 µg/plate in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. This observation did not prevent the scoring of revertant colonies.
- Other confounding effects: none stated in report

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: The test material was non-toxic to the strains of bacteria used (TA100 and WP2uvrA-) at any of the doses tested. (Up to 5000 µg/plate). The test material formulation and S9-mix used in this experiment were both shown to be sterile.

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: Prior to use, the master strains were checked for characteristics, viability and spontaneous reversion rate (all were found to be satisfactory). The amino acid supplemented top agar and S9 mix used in both experiments was shown to be sterile. The culture density for each bacterial strain was also checked and considered acceptable. These data are not given in the report.
Results for the negative controls (spontaneous mutation rates) were considered to be acceptable. These data are for concurrent untreated control plates performed on the same day as the Mutation Test.


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY: not applicable

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Any other information on results incl. tables

The test material caused no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level and was, therefore, tested up to the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 µg/plate. A greasy, particulate precipitate was noted at and above 1500 and 500 µg/plate in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. This observation did not prevent the scoring of revertant colonies.

No significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the strains of bacteria, at any dose level either with or without metabolic activation or exposure method.

All of the positive control chemicals used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies thus confirming the activity of the S9-mix and the sensitivity of the bacterial strains.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

The test material was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of this test.

Executive summary:

Introduction. The method conforms to the guidelines for bacterial mutagenicity testing published by the major Japanese Regulatory Authorities including METI, MHLW and MAFF. It also meets the requirements of the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals No. 471 "Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test", Method B13/14 of Commission Regulation (EC) Number 440/2008 of 30 May 2008 and the USA, EPA (TSCA) OPPTS harmonised guidelines.

Methods. Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA^-were treated with the test material using both the Ames plate incorporation and pre-incubation methods at five dose levels, in triplicate, both with and without the addition of a rat liver homogenate metabolising system (10% liver S9 in standard co-factors). The dose range was determined in a preliminary toxicity assay and was 50 to 5000 µg/plate in the first experiment. The experiment was repeated on a separate day (pre-incubation method) using the same dose range as Experiment 1, fresh cultures of the bacterial strains and fresh test material formulations. 

Results.The vehicle (acetone) control plates gave counts of revertant colonies within the normal range. All of the positive control chemicals used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with or without metabolic activation. Thus, the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the S9-mix were validated.

The test material caused no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level and was, therefore, tested up to the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 µg/plate. A greasy, particulate precipitate was noted at and above 1500 and 500 µg/plate in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. This observation did not prevent the scoring of revertant colonies.

No significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test material, either with or without metabolic activation or exposure method.

Conclusion.The test material was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of this test.