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EC number: 276-743-1 | CAS number: 72624-02-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.76 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 132.2 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- In the absence of specific data for both the starting route (oral) and the end route (inhalation), worst case assumptions have to be made. It was assumed that a limited absorption occurs by the oral route, leading to a low (conservative) internal NOAEL. To secure a conservative external NOAEL, a maximum absorption should be assumed for the inhalation route (i.e.; 100%) leading to a low external NOAEL. Thus, in the case of oral-to-inhalation extrapolation, it is proposed to include a default factor of 2, i.e. the absorption percentage by oral route is half that of the inhalation absorption as suggested on page 19 of Guidance Document, Chapter R.8. Finally to convert the oral NOAEL into inhalatory NOAEC, a rat default respiratory volume was used corresponding to the daily duration of human exposure (sRVrat: 0.38 m3/kg bw/8 h). For workers a correction was added for the difference between respiratory rates under standard conditions (sRVhuman: 6.7 m3 for an 8-h exposure period) and under conditions of light activity (wRV: 10 m3 for an 8-h exposure period). The corrected inhalation NOAEC for workers is: corrected inhalation NOAEC=oral NOAEL×1/sRV_rat ×ABS_(oral-rat)/ABS_(inh-human) ×sRV_human/wRV; corrected inhalation NOAEC=150×1/0.38×1/2×6.7/10=132.2 mg/m^3 Thus, the corrected dose descriptor for inhalation is 132.2 mg/m3 for workers.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- sub-acute to chronic extrapolation
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Worker
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 30
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 15 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- There were no systemic effects noted in an acute dermal toxicology study using the dermal dose route (Costello, 1985) but systemic toxicity, secondary to local irritant effects in the stomach, were observed via the oral dose route (OECD 421, WIL, 2012). The LogPow, at 4.5, does not preclude absorption via the dermal route and therefore systemic effects via the dermal route are possible and the DNEL has been calculated. AF for Differences in absorption depending on route of exposure (route-route extrapolation, human/animal) = 0.01 (1/100 oral to dermal, a study has shown that dermal absorption of similar substances is <1% over 8 hours)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- sub-acute to chronic extrapolation
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- local effect of irritation not affected by interspecies differences
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic; interspecies differences when considering local irritant effects
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Worker
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no DNEL required: short term exposure controlled by conditions for long-term
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 69.3 µg/cm²
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 15
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC 3
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Skin sensitization is considered as local immunological effect. Mechanistically, the biological sequelae that take place for the immune system to mount a response are the same across mammalian species, so, toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic effects are minimal (Api, 2006; Basketter, 2000) : Api AM, Basketter DA, Cadby PA, Cano M-F, Graham E, Gerberick F, Griem P, McNamee p, Ryan CA, Safford B. (2006). Dermal Sensitization Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for fragrance ingredients. Technicaldossier. June 22, 2006. Basketter, D.A., Blaikie, L., Dearman, R.J., Kimber, I., Ryan, C.A.. Gerberick, G.F., Harvey, P., Evans, P., White, I.R. and Rycroft, R.J.G. (2000). Use of the local lymph node assay for the estimation of relative contact allergenic potency. Contact Dermatitis, 42(6), 344-348.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no DNEL required: short term exposure controlled by conditions for long-term
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Substance is identified as corrosive.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.44 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 65.3 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- For potential inhalation exposure, route-to-route extrapolation from the oral NOAEL value of 150 mg/kg bw/day was performed. It was assumed that a limited absorption occurs by the oral route, leading to a low (conservative) internal NOAEL. To secure a conservative external NOAEL, a maximum absorption should be assumed for the inhalation route (i.e.; 100%) leading to a low external NOAEL. Thus, in the case of oral-to-inhalation extrapolation, it is proposed to include a default factor of 2, i.e. the absorption percentage by oral route is half that of the inhalation absorption as suggested on page 19 of Guidance Document, Chapter R.8. Finally to convert the oral NOAEL into inhalatory NOAEC, a rat default respiratory volume was used corresponding to the daily duration of human exposure (sRVrat: 1.15 m3/kg bw/24 h). The corrected inhalation NOAEC for general population is: corrected inhalation NOAEC=oral NOAEL×1/sRV_rat ×ABS_(oral-rat)/ABS_(inh-human) corrected inhalation NOAEC=150×1/1.15×1/2=65.3 mg/m3 Thus, the corrected dose descriptor for inhalation is 65.3 mg/m3 for the general population.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- sub-acute to chronic extrapolation
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- General population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.6 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 65.3 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- For potential inhalation exposure, route-to-route extrapolation from the oral NOAEL value of 150 mg/kg bw/day was performed. It was assumed that a limited absorption occurs by the oral route, leading to a low (conservative) internal NOAEL. To secure a conservative external NOAEL, a maximum absorption should be assumed for the inhalation route (i.e.; 100%) leading to a low external NOAEL. Thus, in the case of oral-to-inhalation extrapolation, it is proposed to include a default factor of 2, i.e. the absorption percentage by oral route is half that of the inhalation absorption as suggested on page 19 of Guidance Document, Chapter R.8. Finally to convert the oral NOAEL into inhalatory NOAEC, a rat default respiratory volume was used corresponding to the daily duration of human exposure (sRVrat: 1.15 m3/kg bw/24 h). The corrected inhalation NOAEC for general population is: corrected inhalation NOAEC=oral NOAEL×1/sRV_rat ×ABS_(oral-rat)/ABS_(inh-human) corrected inhalation NOAEC=150×1/1.15×1/2=65.3 mg/m3 Thus, the corrected dose descriptor for inhalation is 65.3 mg/m3 for the general population.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- General population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 62.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 60
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 15 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- There were no systemic effects noted in an acute dermal toxicology study using the dermal dose route (Costello, 1985) but systemic toxicity, secondary to local irritation in the stomach, were observed via the oral dose route (OECD 407, Eapen, 2006). The LogPow, at 4.5, does not preclude absorption via the dermal route and therefore systemic effects via the dermal route are possible and the DNEL has been calculated. AF for Differences in absorption depending on route of exposure (route-route extrapolation, human/animal) = 0.01 (1/100 oral to dermal, a study has shown that dermal absorption of similar substances is <1% over 8 hours)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- sub-acute to chronic extrapolation
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- local effect of irritation not affected by interspecies differences
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic; such parameters are not significant for interspecies differences when considering local irritant effects
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- General population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no DNEL required: short term exposure controlled by conditions for long-term
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 34.65 µg/cm²
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 30
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC 3
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Sensitization occurs with acute or single exposures
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Skin sensitization is considered as local immunological effect. Mechanistically, the biological sequelae that take place for the immune system to mount a response are the same across mammalian species, so, toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic effects are minimal
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- General population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no DNEL required: short term exposure controlled by conditions for long-term
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 60
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- sub-acute to chronic extrapolation
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- al effect of irritation not affected by interspecies differences
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic; such parameters are not significant for interspecies differences when considering local irritant effects
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 15 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 10
- DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- local effect of irritation not affected by interspecies differences
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic; such parameters are not significant for interspecies differences when considering local irritant effects
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

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