2-chloropyridine

Acute Toxicity: inhalation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1964

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study without detailed documentation.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1964

Report date:

1964

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)

Version / remarks:

-reliability scoring based on 2009 guideline

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

- see other information on materials and methods

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

Study pre-dates GLP

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-chloropyridine

EC Number:

203-646-3

EC Name:

2-chloropyridine

Cas Number:

109-09-1

Molecular formula:

C5H4ClN

IUPAC Name:

2-chloropyridine

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2-Chloropyridine, Olin 757, PD-646
- Physical state: Liquid (clear light yellow)
- Analytical purity: Not reported (The authors reported that the test compound was considered to be free of impurities)
- Lot/batch No.: Not reported
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: Not reported
- Stability under test conditions: Not reported
- Storage condition of test material: Not reported

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

not specified

Sex:

male

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Not reported
- Age at study initiation: Not reported
- Weight at study initiation: 235 to 270 g
- Fasting period before study: Not reported
- Housing: Individually housed in wire mesh cages suspended above the droppings.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Ad libitum (source of diet not reported)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Ad libitum (source of water not reported)
- Acclimation period: Not reported


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): Not reported (The authors stated that constant temperature was maintained)
- Humidity (%): Not reported (The authors stated that constant humidity was maintained)
- Air changes (per hr): Not reported
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): Not reported

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

inhalation: vapour

Type of inhalation exposure:

whole body

Vehicle:

other: unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on inhalation exposure:

GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: Dynamic stainless steel test chamber
- Exposure chamber volume: 354 L
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: Not reported
- Source and rate of air: source of air not reported; air flow rate = 49 L/min; air exchange rate = 7.1 L/min
- Method of conditioning air: Not reported.
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: The test compound was injected with the use of a Dow dual syringe feeder into a one liter evaporation chamber which was maintained by use of an oil bath at a constant temperature of approximately 5 to 10 degrees centigrade below the boiling point of the test substance. Before passing into the exposure chamber, all inflowing air was shunted through the evaporation chamber where it mixed with the vaporized compound. The test compound was injected into the evaporation chamber at a constant volume of 0.245 mL/min, which was equivalent to a concentration of 296.4 mg/min.
- Method of particle size determination: Not applicable
- Treatment of exhaust air: Not reported
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: Not reported


TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: Not reported
- Samples taken from breathing zone: Not reported


VEHICLE
- Composition of vehicle (if applicable): Not applicable
- Concentration of test material in vehicle (if applicable): Not applicable
- Justification of choice of vehicle: Not applicable
- Lot/batch no. (if required): Not applicable
- Purity: Not applicable


TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- Particle size distribution: Not applicable (vapor test)
- MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter) / GSD (Geometric st. dev.): Not applicable (vapor test)


CLASS METHOD (if applicable)
- Rationale for the selection of the starting concentration: Not applicable

Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:

not specified

Duration of exposure:

6 h

Concentrations:

6.05 mg/L

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10 males per dose

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: Daily
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, organ weights, histopathology, other: None

Statistics:

None

Results and discussion

Effect levels

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

other: LD50 was not identified

Effect level:

6 mg/L air

Exp. duration:

6 h

Remarks on result:

other: All animals died within 3 days after exposure.

Mortality:

Three rats succumbed between 4 and 6 hours of the exposure period. Two additional deaths occurred within a 24-hour period after exposure. Within the following 24-hour period after exposure, an additional four animals died. The tenth animal succumbed on the third post-exposure day.

Clinical signs:

other: During the first hour of exposure, slight hypoactivity was detected. During the second hour, hypoactivity became more pronounced accompanied by sedation and ataxia. At the end of four hours of exposure, all of the rats were prostrate. Three of the ten

Body weight:

Since all animals succumbed within 3 days after exposure, changes in body weight in most cases were not significant. Decreased mean body weight was reported (see Table 2).

Gross pathology:

The three rats succumbing during the exposure period exhibited congestion of the lungs and liver. One animal exhibited slight congestion of the small intestines. The two rats succumbing during the first 24-hour period after exposure exhibited congested lungs and blood in the abdominal cavity. The four rats which died in the 48-hour post-exposure period exhibited congested lungs and severe hemorrhages of the stomach, small intestines, and urinary bladder. The animal which died during the third day after exposure also exhibited congested lungs and blood in the abdominal cavity.
Death in all cases appeared compound-related and was probably due to the severely congested lung condition and concurrent hemorrhages of the gastrointestinal tract.

Other findings:

None

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 2. Individual Body Weight
Animal Number	Initial Body Weight (g)	Terminal Body Weight (g)
93	255	235
94	245	230
95	235	240
96	255	235
97	270	270
98	235	240
99	250	235
100	240	230
101	230	240
102	250	255
Mean	247	241