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EC number: 849-166-3 | CAS number: 83841-00-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Explosiveness
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- explosiveness, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Sixth Revised Edition, 2015, Appendix 6.
- Version / remarks:
- 2015
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ASTM E537
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Key result
- Parameter:
- other: Heat of decomposition
- Remarks on result:
- other: Further testing required, as heat of decomposition >500 J/g
- Interpretation of results:
- study cannot be used for classification
- Conclusions:
- The heat of decomposition was greater than 500 J/g, in which case further testing on explosive properties is required.
- Executive summary:
The heat of decomposition of the substance was determined by differential scanning calorimetry under GLP in accordance with the standard ASTM E537. This is a suitable technique for measuring the exothermal decomposition energy as required for screening explosive substances. In accordance with Appendix 6 of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, a substance can be considered as non-explosive and further testing is not required if the exothermic decomposition energy of a substance is less than 500 J/g. An aliquot of 1.8 mg of the test substance was placed in a high pressure gold-plated stainless steel crucible and heated from 25 to 500 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min. Nitrogen was used as purge gas at a flow rate of 50 to 100 mL/min. The thermogram showed a sharp endothermic peak at 118 °C, which was attributed to the melting of the substance. This was followed by a large exothermic peak at 200 °C with an extended tail, covering the range 158 - 342 °C. The total normalised energy output from the exothermic peak, i.e. the heat of decomposition, was 511 J/g. This indicated that further testing on explosive properties was required.
- Endpoint:
- explosive properties of explosives
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: UN Test 2(b): “Koenen Test”
- Version / remarks:
- 2015
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Key result
- Test series:
- UN Test series 2
- Method:
- UN Test 2 (b): Koenen test
- Parameter:
- limiting diameter (mm)
- Value:
- 1
- Result:
- negative, no explosion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The test substance shows no violent effect on heating under confinement.
- Executive summary:
The sensitivity of the substance to the effect of intense heat under high confinement was studied under GLP in accordance with UN Test 2(b), Koenen Test, Reference 5.1. The substance was contained in a steel tube, the open end of which was closed by an orifice plate secured to the tube by means of a nut and threaded collar. The tube assembley was located within a test chamber, where it was heated by means of four propane burners. A test was conducted using a plate with an orifice diameter of 1 mm, with three independent runs. During each test, after a time t1 and lasting for a time t2, test material vented with flame through the orifice. No explosions occurred and each test was suspended after a total heating period of five minutes. The tube was recovered unchanged in two runs, and a bulge in the side of the tube occurred in one run. This does not constitute a positive result; therefore in the absence of a positive result using the 1 mm orifice, no further tests at larger orifice diameters were required. No explosions were observed using the 1 mm orifice and the limiting diameter was <1 mm. In accordance with the criteria of the UN Test 2(b), the outcome of the test is considered to be negative, and the substance shows no violent effect on heating under confinement.
- Endpoint:
- explosive properties of explosives
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: UN Test 2(c)(i): “Time/Pressure Test”
- Version / remarks:
- 2015
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Key result
- Test series:
- UN Test series 2
- Method:
- UN Test 2 (c) (i): Time/pressure test
- Parameter:
- other: rise time
- Result:
- negative, no ability to deflagrate
- Remarks on result:
- p < 2070 kPa
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The test substance shows no deflagration when ignited under confinement.
- Executive summary:
The effects of ignition under confinement on the substance were tested under GLP in accordance with UN Test 2(c)(i), time/pressure test, in order to establish the ability of the substance to propagate a deflagration with explosive violence.
The test was conducted using a steel, cylindrical vessel, the pressure of which is monitored by a transducer mounted in a side-arm. The transducer is capable of responding to rates of pressure rise of 690 - 2070 kPa (100 - 300 psi) above atmospheric in not more than 5 ms. One end of the vessel is closed with a firing plug fitted with two electrodes. An ignition system is attached to the electrodes consisting of an electric fusehead igniter wrapped in a 13 mm square piece of primed cambric. The opposite end of the vessel is closed with a bursting disc held in place by a retaining plug.
A 5.0 g charge of the test substance is introduced into the vessel, in small portions, ensuring it is in good contact with the fusehead. The bursting disc is then placed in position and a fusehead detonation unit connected to the firing plug. The fusehead is detonated manually using a key switch, which also activates the data acquisition process.
The signal produced by the pressure transducer is monitored and recorded for a period of 5 seconds and a time-pressure profile is produced in a graphical form. The time taken for the pressure to rise from 690 kPa (100 psi) to 2070 kPa (300 psi) above atmospheric is then calculated from the graphical data. The test is carried out three times and the shortest pressure rise time used for classification. In all three tests, the test substance failed to produce pressures greater than the upper threshold of 2070 kPa, in which case the rise times could not be determined. Overall, the highest pressure achieved was 307 kPa. In accordance with the criteria of UN Test 2(c)(i), the outcome of the study was considered to be negative, i.e. the substance showed no deflagration when ignited under confinement.
Referenceopen allclose all
The thermogram showed a sharp endothermic peak at 118 °C, which was attributed to the melting of the substance. This was followed by a large exothermic peak at 200 °C with an extended tail, covering the range 158 - 342 °C. The total normalised energy output from the exothermic peak, i.e. the heat of decomposition, was 511 J/g.
Table 1: Koenen test results
Test number |
Orifice diameter (mm) |
Tube condition |
t1 (s) |
t2 (s) |
1 |
1 |
O |
27 |
183 |
2 |
1 |
B |
19 |
187 |
3 |
1 |
O |
42 |
232 |
O = tube recovered unchanged; B = bulge in the side wall of the tube; t1 = time elapsed from ignition of burners to the first noticeable reaction of the test substance; t2 = time elapsed from t1 to the end of the reaction
Note: tube condition “B” does not constitute a positive result; therefore in the absence of a positive result using the 1 mm orifice, no further tests at larger orifice diameters were required. During each test, after a time t1 and lasting for a time t2, test material vented with flame through the orifice. No explosions occurred and each test was suspended after a total heating period of five minutes.
Table 1: Time/pressure test results
Test number |
Rise time (s) |
Maximum pressure (kPa) |
1 |
- |
206 |
2 |
- |
267 |
3 |
- |
307 |
In all three tests, the test substance failed to produce pressures greater than the upper threshold of 2070 kPa, in which case the rise times could not be determined. Overall, the highest pressure achieved was 307 kPa.
Description of key information
Heat of decomposition = 511 J/g (GLP, ASTM E537)
No violent effect of heating under confinement (GLP, UN Test 2(b))
No deflagration with ignition under confinment (GLP, UN Test 2(c)(i))
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Explosiveness:
- non explosive
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
A series of tests in accordance with UN Test Series 2 were conducted to establish if the substance is explosive or not. The following studies were performed:
UN Test 2(a) - sensitivity to detonative shock
UN Test 2(b) - effect of heating under confinement
UN Test 2(c)(i) - effect of ignition under confinement
Test 2(a) was rendered unnecessary, as the heat of decomposition was less than 800 J/g. The Koenen test (UN Test 2(b)) and the time/pressure test (UN Test 2(c)(i)) produced negative results. Therefore, the conclusion is that the substance does not meet the criteria for classification as an explosive in accordance with CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
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