Anthracene oil

Flammability

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

flammable solids

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method A.10 (Flammability (Solids))

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Anthracene oil, anthracene paste, distillation lights

Key result

Test procedure:

burning rate test: preliminary screening test

Burning time:

> 4 min

Remarks on result:

other: no progression of burning/combustion without ignition source

On ignition, the test material started burning immediately with yellow sooting flame, while melting, but went out in the absence of the ignition source.

Interpretation of results:

not classified based on GHS criteria

Reference 2

Endpoint:

flammable solids

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Justification for type of information:

REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH

1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The source test material anthracene oil, anthracene paste, distn. lights (EC no. 295-278-5, CAS no. 91995-17-4) (anthracene paste, AO residue) consists predominantly of three- and four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The target substance anthracene oil (benzo[a]pyrene < 50 ppm, AOL) is also composed of a range of PAH comprising three- and four-ring polycyclic aromatics.
Physico-chemical properties of AOL will be characterised by the range of PAH that are components of AOL. Both substances are considered to be sufficiently similar in their composition that physico-chemical properties of anthracene paste can be used to characterise the respective properties of anthracene oil.

2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
The source material anthracene oil, anthracene paste, distn. lights is a UVCB substance produced by the distillation of anthracene obtained by the crystallization of anthracene oil, which on its part is received from the distillation of bituminous high temperature coal tar. Boiling range is 330 °C to 350 °C. The material consists of a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing mainly trinuclear and tetranuclear aromatics.
The target material anthracene oil (AOL) is a UVCB substance produced by the distillation of high temperature coal tars extracting the approximate distillation range from ca. 300 °C to 400 °C. This distillation range excludes mostly low molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons composed of more than four to five rings depending on the respective boiling points of the individual aromatic substances. Major constituents are three- and four-ring polynuclear aromatics from fluorene up to pyrene.

3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
Physico-chemical properties such as flammability and combustion of complex mixtures like UVCB substances will be determined by the properties of the individual constituents of these UVCB substances. In case individual constituents are similar, then physico-chemical properties will also be similar.
The source substance anthracene paste is basically a fraction of the target substance anthracene oil as evident by the production process and the distillation range of both substances. Components in both materials and composition are quite similar. This can be inferred below from the table under ‘Discussion’ with data on the composition of AOL and AO residue. The PAH constituents of both substances will have similar properties regarding flammability and combustion due to their similar chemical structure (polynuclear aromatic systems with mostly three and to a lower extent four fused rings). Therefore, data obtained with the source material anthracene paste can be used to characterise the flammability and combustion properties of the target material anthracene oil.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Read-across to preceding entry:
Source test material: Anthracene oil, anthracene paste, distn. lights;
Reference: RÜTGERS 2010

Key result

Test procedure:

burning rate test: preliminary screening test

Burning time:

> 4 min

Remarks on result:

other: no progression of burning/combustion without ignition source

Remarks:

the test result of the source substance is adopted for the target substance anthracene oil

Interpretation of results:

not classified based on GHS criteria

Description of key information

A closely structure-related tar oil (Anthracene oil, anthracene paste, distn. lights, CAS no. 91995-17-4) is not highly flammable.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flammability:

not classified

Additional information

The use of the surrogate tar oil anthracene oil, anthracene paste, distillation light (AO, residue) for read-across to predict non-flammability of the target substance anthracene oil with BaP < 50 ppm (AOL), is justified because of the high compositional congruence of key components (see following Table) and in physico-chemical properties.

Comparison of composition of Anthracene oil BaP < 50 ppm (AOL) with Anthracene oil, anthracene paste, distillates light (AO residue)

		Target substance	Surrogate for read-across
CAS No.	Substance	AOL [CAS No. 90640-80-5] Content [% w/w]	AO, residue [CAS No. 91995-17-4] Content [% w/w]
83-32-9	Acenaphthene	3.8	2.5
132-64-9	Dibenzofuran	3.0	2.7
86-73-7	Fluorene	7.0	9.8
85-01-8	Phenanthrene	28.0	28.4
120-12-7	Anthracene	6.5	12.1
86-74-8	9H-Carbazole	3.9	8.3
61089-87-0	Benzofluorenes	n.d.	1.2
206-44-0	Fluoranthene	6.8	4.7
129-00-0	Pyrene	3.0	2.1

n.d. = not detected