Registration Dossier

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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.156 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
5
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Value:
1.55 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
This factor is applied because the dose-descriptor starting point is a NOAEC.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
Locals effects on the respiratory tract are related to the deposited dose per unit of surface area. Below a certain concentration the clearance capacty of the lungs is not overwhelmed and the lungs retain the ability to clear the deposited substance. Therefore, the lung effects are not suspected to worsen with increasing exposure duration.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
Assessment factor not used for inhalation.
AF for other interspecies differences:
1
Justification:
No additional assessment factor is added for interspecies extrapolation from rodent to human, since the respiratory rate of rats (0,29 m3/kg/d) leads toa greater lung tract burden compared to human (0,14 m3/kg/d), thus the effects observed in rats are exaggerated and provide a "built in" safety margin.
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
An assessment factor of 5 is applied for workers.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The key study is considered as a reliable study with a klimish score of 1.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No other assessment factor is applied.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
46.7 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
300
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
14 000 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Based on the TK assessment, a dermal absorption of 10% is used by default.

Correction factor for difference between human and experimental exposure conditions : 7/5 (In the study, animals were exposed 7 days per week, and workers work 5 days per week).

Dermal NOAEL = oral NOAEL x 100/10 x 7/5= 1000 x 100/10 x 7/5 = 14000 mg/kg bw/day

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
This factor is applied because the dose-descriptor starting point is a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
DNEL is based on a subacute study (28-day).
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
An allometric scaling factor of 4 must be applied because the key study was performed on rats.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
A factor of 2.5 is applied for remaining difference.
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
A factor of 5 is applied for worker DNELs.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The key study chosen for DNEL calculation is considered as a reliable study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No other assessment factor is applied.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Dermal
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.038 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
10
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Value:
1.55 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
This factor is applied because the dose-descriptor starting point is a NOAEC.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
1
Justification:
Local effects on the respiratory tract are related to the deposited dose per unit of surface area. Below a certain concentration the clearance capacity of the lungs is not overwhelmed and the lungs retain the ability to clear the deposited substance. Therefore, the lung effects are not suspected to worsen with increasing exposure duration.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
Assessment factor to used for inhalation.
AF for other interspecies differences:
1
Justification:
No additional assessment factor is added for interspecies extrapolation from rodent to human, since the respiratory rate of rats (0,29 m3/kg/d) leads to a greater lung tract burden compared to human (0,14 m3/kg/d), thus the effects observed in rats are exaggerated and provide a "built in" safety margin.
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
A factor of 10 is applied for the general population DNELs.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The key study chosen for DNEL calculation is considered as a reliable study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No other assessment factor is applied.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
16.7 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
600
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
10 000 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Based on the TK assessment, a dermal absorption of 10% was used by default.

Dermal NOAEL = oral NOAEL x 100/10 = 1000 x 100/10 = 10000 mg/kg bw/day

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
This factor is applied because the dose-descriptor starting point is a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
DNEL is based on a subacute study (28-day).
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
An allometric scaling factor of 4 must be applied because the key study was performed on rats.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
A factor of 2.5 is applied for remaining difference.
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
A factor of 10 is applied for the general population DNELs.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The key study chosen for DNEL calculation is considered as a reliable study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No other assessment factor is applied.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Dermal
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.67 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
600
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

No difference of oral absorption is expected between rat and human.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
This factor is applied because the dose-descriptor starting point is a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
DNEL is based on a subacute study (28-day).
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
An allometric scaling factor of 4 must be applied because the key study was performed on rats.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
A factor of 2.5 is applied for remaining difference.
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
A factor of 10 is applied for the general population DNELs.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The key study chosen for DNEL calculation is considered as a reliable study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No other assessment factor is applied.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population