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EC number: 204-279-1 | CAS number: 118-82-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Peer-reviewed study of soil ecotoxicity tests undertaken by Environment Canada as part of Canada's Chemical Management Plan programme. Ecotoxicity studies were carried out in accordance with Environment Canada testing protocols.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 013
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Environment Canada 2007. EPS 1/RM/47 Biological Test Method: Test for Measuring Survival and Reproduction of Springtails Exposed to Contaminants in Soil. Method Development and Applications Section, Environment Canada, Ontario.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- Published data, information on GLP was not specified
- Application method:
- soil
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol
- EC Number:
- 204-279-1
- EC Name:
- 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol
- Cas Number:
- 118-82-1
- Molecular formula:
- C29H44O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol
- Reference substance name:
- Binox
- IUPAC Name:
- Binox
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- Supplier: Sigma-Aldrich
Purity: >98%
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Soil samples from each test were monitored at the start and end of each study for soil pH, moisture content and test substance concentration. Soil moisture content was also monitored through out the test with deionized water added as necessary.
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- A sandy soil (Valcartier, Quebec) was collected, sieved and homogenized in 2008. The test soil was selected to maximise chemical recovery and bioavailability to the test organisms, as prior tests conducted in a clay loam soil, rich in organic matter resulted in poor chemical recovery. However, preliminary tests using the sandy soil demonstrated that the soil was less than optimal for reproduction, and therefore, the soil was amended with air-dried, hand-sieved (2-mm) Sphagnum sp. peat moss, on a dry weight basis, to increase overall organic matter content without compromising chemical recovery. The soil was amended with 2.5% peat. Calcium carbonate was added to peat-amended soils to counteract the acidity of the peat and maintain the original soil pH.
The test substance has low very water solubility. Soil treatments were prepared using stock solutions made with pure acetone allowed to evaporate for 24 hours. A solvent control mix of soil and acetone at the highest volume of solution was also prepared.
Formulated artificial soil was included as a negative control treatment for all tests to ensure that test cultures were healthy and to confirm test validity. This soil was formulated using 10% air-dried, hand-sieved (2-mm) Sphagnum sp. peat moss, 20% kaolin clay, 70% silica sand, deionized water, and calcium carbonate (to adjust the soil pH to 7.0 ± 0.5).
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Folsomia candida
- Animal group:
- Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
- Details on test organisms:
- Established cultures of Folsomia candida were used for the collembolan tests, with ten age-synchronized (10-12 d old) individuals added to each replicate.
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 3 degrees C
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- pH 7.0 ± 0.5
- Humidity:
- No data
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- 16 h of light (ranging from 610 ± 89 to 1352 ± 64 lux) and 8 h of dark
- Details on test conditions:
- Environment Canada test protocols (2007) were followed such that 30 g wet wt of test soil were allotted to 125-mL glass test vessels; five replicates were included for the controls and all remaining concentrations had three replicates. Nominal test concentrations for the test substance ranged from 0, 39 to 1000 mg kg-1 dry wt. Test vessels were incubated at 20 ± 3 degrees C for 16 h of light (ranging from 610 ± 89 to 1352 ± 64 lux) and 8 h of dark (Environment Canada, 2007). The Collembola were fed baker's yeast biweekly and were aerated weekly. Test measurements included: mean adult survival and mean juvenile production at the end of the test (day 28).
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Test concentrations were 0, 39 to 1000 mg/kg dry weight soil.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 89 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lower and upper 95% confidence limits are 81 to 98 mg/kg dry wt soil.
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- >= 147 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: IC50
- Effect conc.:
- 89 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lower and upper 95% confidence limits are 44 to 149 mg/kg dry wt soil.
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: IC25
- Effect conc.:
- 59 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lower and upper 95% confidence limits are 3.0 to 141 mg/kg dry wt soil.
- Details on results:
- A significant reduction in F. candida adult survival and reproduction was observed (IC50 of 89 mg/kg dry wt), although the authors state that the reason for the difference in toxicity between the earthworm and Collembola is uncertain.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No data
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No data
Any other information on results incl. tables
Measured test concentrations were linearly correlated with nominal values (r = 0.92) for the test substance. The mean (± standard error) percent recovery was 90 ± 3.4% at the beginning of the test, and 77 ± 2.9% at the end of the test. On average, a 12 ± 3.0% loss was observed between the beginning and end of tests.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- During a 28-day study, adult survival and reproduction in F. candida reported LC50 and IC50, respectively, of 89 mg/kg dry wt soil when exposed to the test substance. An IC25 for the reproductive endpoint was determined to be 59 mg/kg dry wt soil.
- Executive summary:
Soil ecotoxicity testing was conducted in support of Environment Canada's Chemical Management Plan (CMP). The effect of the test substance on plant growth (Elymus lanceolatus and Trifolium pratense) and soil invertebrate survival and reproduction (Folsomia candida and Eisenia andrei) were assessed using a field-collected sandy soil. The test substance was persistent throughout testing (up to 63 d) with an average recovery of 77 ± 2.9% at test end. In the 28 -day Collembola test, adult lethality and reproductive endpoints were reported at 89 mg/kg dry wt (LC50 and IC50, respectively) and an IC25 of 59 mg/kg dry wt soil for reproduction.
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