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EC number: 215-958-7 | CAS number: 1461-22-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- Not specified
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Similar to OECD 417 but with deviations. No GLP, but peer reviewed.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- INTESTINAL UPTAKE SITE, ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION, AND EXCRETION OF TETRA AND TRIALKYLTIN COMPOUNDS IN MAMMALS
- Author:
- Iwai et al
- Year:
- 1 982
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 9: 41-49
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- toxicokinetics
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 417 (Toxicokinetics)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See principles of method if other than guideline
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Main deviations:
- Not enough animals used.
- No information on feeding and housing conditions.
- Different vehicles used for different routes of entry. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tributyltin chloride
- EC Number:
- 215-958-7
- EC Name:
- Tributyltin chloride
- Cas Number:
- 1461-22-9
- Molecular formula:
- C12H27ClSn
- IUPAC Name:
- tributylstannanylium chloride
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Three male Wistar rats weighing 400-450 g were used for one group.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: Oral & subcutaneous
- Vehicle:
- other: Oral: sesame oil; subcutaneous: ethanol & saline (2:1)
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Oral: five times at 12 h intervals.
Subcutaneous: twice at a 2 h intervals.
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 3 other: mg/kg
- Remarks:
- Oral
- Dose / conc.:
- 10 other: mg/kg
- Remarks:
- Oral
- Dose / conc.:
- 5 other: mg/kg
- Remarks:
- Subcutaneous
- Dose / conc.:
- 10 other: mg/kg
- Remarks:
- Subcutaneous
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- 3 rats.
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- Oral Doses of the test material (10 mg/kg each) dissolved in sesame oil were simultaneously administered orally to the rats five times at 12 h intervals. Another group of rats received simultaneously the test material (3 mg/kg each) dissolved in sesame oil at the same time intervals. Rats of the control group were given only sesame oil at these time intervals. Four hours after the last dose, all rats were sacrificed and the organs (gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, blood, and brain) were removed. The gastrointestinal tract was cut open and rinsed in succession with saline, 70 % ethanol, and 100 % ethanol to avoid contamination by the contents of the lumen. The small intestine was divided into duodenum for the upper fourth, ileum for the lower fourth, and jejunum for the rest.
Subcutaneous Doses of the test material (10 mg/kg each) dissolved in 2 mL ethanol and saline (2:1) solution were administered sc to three rats twice at a 2 h interval. Doses of the test material (5 mg/kg each) were administered to another group of rats in the same way. One hour after the last injection, the animals were sacrificed and their ogans [small intestine (contents of small intestine), liver, and blood] examined.
Faeces and Urine of Rats: Test material (l0 mg/kg each) dissolved in ethanol were administered sc to three rats. Test material (5 mg/kg each); dissolved in ethanol were administered to another three rats. Each group of rats, were housed in a separate metabolic cage. Faeces and urine were collected for 3d.
Results and discussion
- Preliminary studies:
- No data
Main ADME resultsopen allclose all
- Type:
- absorption
- Results:
- The main uptake sites in the small intestine were the ileum and the jejunum
- Type:
- distribution
- Results:
- See figure 3
- Type:
- excretion
- Results:
- The test material (5 mg/kg) administered sc were detected in higher concentrations in urine than in faeces. This result may be explained by the chemical properties of the test material, which are less susceptible to metabolism and more soluble in water.
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- The main uptake sites in the small intestine were the ileum and the jejunum.
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- When the test material was orally administered, their concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract increased in the order of jejunum, duodenum, and ileum.
A moderately high amount of TBT+ was found in the brain after oral administration of the test material.
When the test material was injected sc, TBT+ was recovered in the small intestine and contents of the lumen (Fig. 5).
- Details on excretion:
- The test material (5 mg/kg) administered sc were detected in higher concentrations in urine than in feces. This result may be explained by the chemical properties of the test material, which are less susceptible to metabolism and more soluble in water.
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- not specified
- Details on metabolites:
- No data
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The main uptake sites in the small intestine were the ileum and the jejunum.
When the test material was orally administered, their concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract increased in the order of jejunum, duodenum, and ileum.
A moderately high amount of TBT+ was found in the brain after oral administration of the test material. When the test material was injected sc, TBT+ was recovered in the small intestine and contents of the lumen.
The test material (5 mg/kg) administered sc were detected in higher concentrations in urine than in faeces. This result may be explained by the chemical properties of the test material, which are less susceptible to metabolism and more soluble in water. - Executive summary:
The intestinal uptake site, enterohepatic circulation, and excretion into faeces, and urine of alkyltins were investigated after oral and sc administration of the test material to rats. Assays of trialkyltins in biological materials were carried out by gas chromatography.
The main uptake sites in the small intestine were the ileum and jejunum for trialkyltins. When the test material was injected sc, TBT+ was recovered in the small intestine and contents of the lumen (Fig. 5). These facts suggest that trialkyltins are transported in the body through enterahepatic circulation.
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