1,3-bis[12-hydroxy-octadecamide-N-methylene]-benzene

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity

Administrative data

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

9 February 2009 to 19 March 2009

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Study data over 12 years old provided by ECHA, on a previously notified substance considered comparable and suitable for read-across use for the substance being registered (see attachments for justification of read-across). Study was performed according to OECD and EU guidelines and according to GLP principles.

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2009

Report date:

2009

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Deviations:

yes

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.31 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

see remarks OECD 414

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.3700 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

see remarks OECD 414

Principles of method if other than guideline:

On Day 11 post-coitum animal 71 (Group 3) delivered. Evaluation: This animal’s data were excluded from calculation, because her first mating date was missed and thus was not dosed according to the appropriate schedule. Sufficient data were available from other animals.

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

-

EC Number:

423-300-7

EC Name:

-

Cas Number:

128554-52-9

Molecular formula:

Molecular formula varies for each reaction product. See section 1.2 for the molecular formula for each identified reaction product.

IUPAC Name:

12-hydroxy-N-({3-[(12-hydroxyoctadecanamido)methyl]phenyl}methyl)octadecanamide

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

AMIDE#71

IUPAC Name:

AMIDE#71

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Remarks:

migrated information: powder

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): AMIDE #71
- Substance type: White powder
- Physical state: solid
- Stability under test conditions: Stable
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature in the dark

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Crl:WI(Han)

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Age at study initiation: 10-13 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 187-250 grams (day 0 post-coitum)
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing:
Pre-mating During acclimatization, females were housed in groups of 5 animals/cage in Macrolon cages (MIV type, height 18 cm).
Mating Females were caged together with males on a one-to-one-basis in Macrolon cages (MIII type, height 18 cm). During the weekend, mating procedures were suspended and the animals were housed in groups of maximum 5 animals/sex/cage in Macrolon cages (MIV type, height 18 cm).
Post-coitum Females were individually housed in Macrolon cages (MIII type, height 18 cm).
General Sterilized sawdust as bedding material and paper as cage-enrichment was supplied.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum):ad libitum
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days prior to pairing under laboratory conditions.


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20.1 - 21.8
- Humidity (%): 29 - 79
- Air changes (per hr): approx. 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12


IN-LIFE DATES: From: 9 February 2009 (start pairing) To: 19 March 2009

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

propylene glycol

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Formulations (w/w) were prepared daily within 6 hours prior to dosing and were homogenized to a visually acceptable level. Adjustment was made for specific gravity of the vehicle (1.036) and not for the test substance.


VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Based on trial formulations performed at NOTOX
- Concentration in vehicle: 10, 40 and 200 mg/mL
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 5 mL/kg bw

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

no

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

No analytical method based on gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV spectrophotometry or total organic carbon analysis (TOC) could be developed for the determination of the test substance in formulations with propylene glycol (determined during NOTOX Project 482838 - 90 day study).

Details on mating procedure:

- Impregnation procedure: cohoused
- If cohoused:
- M/F ratio per cage: 1/1
- Length of cohabitation: not specified in terms of days, but until successful pairing
- After ... days of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility: not applicable.
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: not applicable
- Verification of same strain and source of both sexes: yes
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear, referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- Any other deviations from standard protocol: no

Duration of treatment / exposure:

From Day 6 to Day 19 post-coitum, inclusive

Frequency of treatment:

daily.

Duration of test:

9 February 2009 (start pairing) to 19 March 2009 (last necropsy).

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 50, 200, 1000 mg/kg/day
Basis:
actual ingested

No. of animals per sex per dose:

24 females per dose

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: Based on results of a dose range finding study

Examinations

Maternal examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes (mortality/viability check)
- Time schedule: twice daily (early morning/late afternoon)


DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: At least once daily from Day 0 post-coitum onwards


BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations:Days 0, 3 and 6-20 (daily) post-coitum


FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Food consumption for each animal determined: Days 0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-15, 15-17 and 17-20 post-coitum


POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- Sacrifice on gestation day: Day 20 post-coitum
- Organs examined: External, thoracic and abdominal organs.

OTHER:
Organ weights: Spleen weights (and terminal body weight) were recorded from 10 pregnant animals of all dose groups on the scheduled day of necropsy. Previous results from a 28 day study indicated spleen parameters should be examined due to macroscopic and histological findings.

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: Yes
- Number of corpora lutea: Yes
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of early resorptions: Yes
- Number of late resorptions: Yes

Fetal examinations:

- External examinations: Yes: [all per litter]
- Soft tissue examinations: Yes: [all per litter]
- Skeletal examinations: Yes: [all per litter]
- Head examinations: Yes: [aproximately half per litter]

Other:
- The number and distribution of live and dead fetuses
- The number and distribution of embryo-fetal deaths
- The weight of each fetus
- The sex of each fetus from the ano-genital distance (during necropsy)
and also from gonadal inspections (during further fetal examination)

Statistics:

The following statistical methods were used to analyze the data:
- If the variables could be assumed to follow a normal distribution, the Dunnett-test (Dunnett, 1955) (many-to-one t-test) based on a pooled variance estimate was applied for the comparison of the treated groups and the control groups for each sex.
- The Steel-test (Miller, 1981) (many-to-one rank test) was applied if the data could not be assumed to follow a normal distribution.
- The Fisher Exact-test (Fisher 1950) was applied to frequency data.

Mean litter proportions (percent per litter) of total fetal malformations and developmental variations (external, visceral, skeletal and combined), and each particular external, visceral and skeletal malformation or variation was subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA test (Kruskal and Wallis 1952) to determine intergroup differences. If the ANOVA revealed statistically significant (p<0.05) intergroup variance, Dunn’s test (Dunn 1964) was used to compare the compound-treated groups to the control group.

All tests were two-sided and in all cases p < 0.05 was accepted as the lowest level of significance.

Indices:

For each dose group reproduction parameters were expressed in two ways:
-As a mean (with standard deviation) of the number observed for each litter
-As a mean litter proportion calculated on a total group basis

For each litter the following calculations were performed:

Pre-implantation loss (Number of corpora lutea - number of implantation sites) / Number of corpora lutea x 100

Post-implantation loss (Number of implantation sites - number of live fetuses) / Number of implantation sites x 100


The fetal developmental findings were summarized by: 1) presenting the incidence of a given finding both as the number of fetuses and the number of litters available for examination in the group; and 2) considering the litter as the basic unit for comparison, calculating the number of affected fetuses as a mean litter proportion on a total group basis.

Where:

Viable Fetuses Affected/Litter (%) = (No. Viable Fetuses Affected/Litter) / No. Viable Fetuses/Litter x 100

Historical control data:

NOTOX Historical control data were used for external, visceral and skeletal malformations.

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

Maternal developmental toxicity

Details on maternal toxic effects:

Maternal toxic effects:no effects

Details on maternal toxic effects:
No toxic effects observed.

Effect levels (maternal animals)

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

> 1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

other: no toxicologically signficant effects

Basis for effect level:

other: maternal toxicity

2

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

> 1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

other: no toxicologically signficant effects

Basis for effect level:

other: developmental toxicity

Results (fetuses)

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:

Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:no effects

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
No toxic effects observed.

Fetal abnormalities

Abnormalities:

not specified

Overall developmental toxicity

Developmental effects observed:

not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Maternal findings
No maternal toxicity was observed in the 50, 200 and 1000 mg/kg/day groups.
 
Developmental findings
No developmental toxicity was observed in the 50, 200 and 1000 mg/kg/day groups.

Based on the results in this prenatal developmental toxicity study the maternal, reproductive and developmental No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for AMIDE #71 was established as being at least 1000 mg/kg body weight/day.

Executive summary:

Summary

A prenatal developmental toxicity study of AMIDE#71 in rats by oral gavage.

Ninety-six mated female Wistar Han rats were assigned to four dose groups. The test item was administered once daily by gavage from Day 6 to 19 post-coitum inclusive, at doses of 50, 200 and 1000mg/kg/day(Groups 2, 3 and 4 respectively). The rats of the control group received the vehicle, propylene glycol, alone. Females were checked daily for the presence of clinical signs. Food consumption of females was determined at periodic intervals; body weight was determined daily during treatment and at periodic intervals in the other periods.

All animals surviving to Day 20 post-coitum were subjected to an examination post-mortem and external, thoracic and abdominal macroscopic findings were recorded. A laparohysterectomy was performed on each surviving female of the groups. The uteri, placentae and ovaries were examined, and the numbers of fetuses, early and late resorptions, total implantations and corpora lutea were recorded. Gravid uterine weights were recorded, and net body weights and net body weight changes were calculated. The fetuses were weighed, sexed and examined for external, visceral and skeletal malformations and developmental variations. All live fetuses were euthanised. One half of the fetuses were decapitated and the heads were fixed in Bouin's fixative, all fetuses were dissected and examined for visceral anomalies and subsequently fixed in 96% aqueous alcohol and stained with Alizarin Red S for skeletal examinations.

Results

Accuracy, homogeneity and stability of formulations were not demonstrated by analyses as no analytical method could be developed for gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV spectrophotometry or total organic carbon analysis (TOC).

Maternal findings

No maternal toxicity was observed in the 50, 200 and 1000 mg/kg/day groups.

Development findings

No developmental toxicity was observed in the 50, 200 and 1000 mg/kg/day groups.

Conclusion

Based on the results in the prenatal developmental toxicity study the maternal and developmental No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for AMIDE#71 was established as being at least 1000 mg/kg body weight/day.