Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Biodegradation in water:

Biodegradability of test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS no. 12227 -62 -2) was estimated by uisng OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 by considering eleven closest read across chemical with log Kow as primary descriptor. Percent degradation of test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex was estimated to be 2.0% by considering BOD as parameter and microorganisms as inoculum in 28 days. On the basis of percent degradability value it can be concluded that test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex is not readily biodegradable.

Additional information

Biodegradation in water:

Predicted data studies for target chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS no. 12227 -62 -2) and experimental studies for its structurally similar read across chemical have been conducted and their results are summarized below.

  

In first predicted data study biodegradability of test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS no. 12227 -62 -2) was estimated by using OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 by considering eleven closest read across chemical with log Kow as primary descriptor. Percent degradation of test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex was estimated to be 2.0% by considering BOD as parameter and microorganisms as inoculum in 28 days. On the basis of percent degradability value it can be concluded that test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex is not readily biodegradable.

 

In another prediction the Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017) was run to predict the biodegradation potential of the test compound Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS no. 12227 -62 -2) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex is expected to be not readily biodegradable.

 

Next study was experimental study done by SSS UERL lab (2017) in this study 28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301D was done to determine the ready biodegradability of the read across item disodium3 -[(2,4 -dimethyl-5 -sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4 -hydroxynaphthalene-1 -sulphonate(CAS No.4548 -53 -2). The test system included control, read across item and reference item. The concentration of read across and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for the study was 32 mg/l and 32mg/l, while that of inoculum was 32ml/l. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of read across and reference item was determined by calculation. % Degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The BOD28 value of Disodium 3 -[(2,4 -dimethyl-5 -sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4 -hydroxynaphthalene-1 -sulphonate (CAS No. 4548 -53 -2) was observed to be 0.475 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.465 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the read across item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 32.42%. Based on the results, the read across item disodium 3 -[(2,4 -dimethyl-5 -sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4 -hydroxynaphthalene-1 -sulphonate, under the test conditions, was considered to be not readily biodegradable at 20 ± 1°C over a period of 28 days.

 

Another study was done for same read across chemical as mentioned in above study was also experimental study done by SSS UERL lab (2017) in this study the 28-days Manometric respirometry test following the OECD guideline 301F was done to determine the ready biodegradability of the read across chemical disodium 3- [(2,4 -dimethyl-5 -sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4 -hydroxynaphthalene-1 -sulphonate, CAS No. 4548 -53 -2. The test system included control, read across item and reference item. The concentration of read across and reference item ( Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 30 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 10 ml/l. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of read across and reference item was determined by calculation. % Degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for read across item and reference item. The BOD28 value of read across chemical disodium 3-[(2,4-dimethyl-5-

sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulphonate, CAS No. 4548-53-2 was observed to be mgO2sup>/mg. ThOD was calculated as mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the read across item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to manometric respirometry test was determined to be 12.807 %. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be not readily biodegradable at 20± 1°C over a period of 28 days.

 

 

Next study was done from The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (1978) by Yasuhide Tonogai, Masahiro Iwaida, Masatomo Tati, Youki Ose And Takahiko Sato in this study Biodegradation study was conducted under aerobic conditions for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance trisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate (CAS no. 915 -67 -3). Activated sludge was used as a test inoculums obtained from the municipal sewage treatment plant, Nakahama, Osaka. The return sludge was acclimated to the synthetic sewage for a week or longer, and it was used for the aerobic and anaerobic decomposition experiments. Synthetic sewage was prepared by dissolving Glucose, peptone and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30g each, in 1 liter water and the pH was adjusted to pH 7.0 with sodium hydroxide. Concentration of inoculum used for the study was 3000 mg/l. Percentage degradation of chemical was determined by measuring the absorbance (test material analysis), oxygen uptake and BOD parameter. For the aerobic decomposition of dyes with sludge, 250 ml of O.03 M dye solution was added to 750ml of sludge (MLSS ca, 3,000 ppm), and bubbled with air sufficiently at 20°C. 5ml sample was taken out once a day. After sampling 5ml of synthetic sewage was added to the mixture. Each sample was filtered through filter paper and diluted twenty times prior to the spectrophotometric measurement at the absorption maximum within the visible range. The decrease of dyes concentration was expressed in terms of percent to the initial absorption whereas measurement oxygen uptake by sludge involve 2.0 ml of sludge, 0.2 ml of 1,000 ppm dye solution, and O.2 ml of 20% potassium hydroxide were pipetted into the vessel, the side arm and central well, respectively. The sludge and the dye solution were mixed and the vessel was shaken at 25"C. The oxygen uptake was measured. The oxygen uptake by sludge alone was subtracted from the by dye addition. For determining the BOD values, read across chemical solutions (10, 20 and 40 ppm) were prepared with the seeded dilution water and kept at 20°C. The dissolved oxygen contents were then measured by using a dissolved oxygen meter. The percentage degradation of read across chemical trisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate was determined to be 20% in 10 days by using the test material analysis parameter. From the oxygen uptake by Warburg’s manometer, the low activity of the sludge to dye was obtained and by using the dissolved oxygen meter, the dissolved oxygen contents on the 5th day were essentially the same to initial ones. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the chemical trisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate was considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

Another experimental study was done from The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (1978) by Yasuhide TONOGAI, Masahiro IWAIDA, Masatomo TATI, Youki OSE and Takahiko SATO in this study the COD and BOD values of the 10mg/l dye solution were determined according to the procedure described in the JIS K0102.

Determination of BOD –Dye solution (10, 20, and 40 ppm) were prepared with the seeded dilution water and kept at 20°C (Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, 1971). The dissolved oxygen contents were measured by a dissolved oxygen meter, because of the coloration of the solutions.

The COD, BOD and absorbance at 245 and 545 nm (representing ultraviolet and the visible absorbance) was studied.

Amaranth dye (CAS no. 915 -67 -3) showed small BOD and COD values less than 100 ppm at concentration of 100 mg-dye/l. The general limit of BOD and COD for effluent by the Law is regulated to be below 160 ppm (daily average 120 ppm). In BOD experiment, the dissolved oxygen contents on the 5^thday were essentially the same to the initial values. From the results of BOD, COD experiments, it was concluded that Amaranth dye is not readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions.

 

On the basis of all the studies mentioned above it can be concluded that test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS No. 12227-62-2) is not readily biodegradable.