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EC number: 203-210-2 | CAS number: 104-52-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- March - April (2009)
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2009
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- (3-chloropropyl)benzene
- EC Number:
- 203-210-2
- EC Name:
- (3-chloropropyl)benzene
- Cas Number:
- 104-52-9
- Molecular formula:
- C9H11Cl
- IUPAC Name:
- (3-chloropropyl)benzene
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIALBatch No.of test material: S10664-426Expiration date of the lot/batch: not available Purity test date: 99.3%
Method
- Target gene:
- Bacterial reverse mutation assays use amino acid requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium to detect point mutations, which involve substitution, addition or deletion of one or a few DNA base pairs.The Salmonella typhimurium histidine (his) reversion system measures (his-) to (his+) reversion.These assay directly measure heritable DNA mutations of a type which is associated with adverse effects.
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- The test item concentrations to be applied in the main experiments were chosen according to the results of a pre-experiment.5.0 μL/plate was selected as the maximum concentration.Two indipendent experiments were performed with the following concentrations:Experiment I:0.0100, 0.0316, 0.100, 0.316,1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 μL/plateExperiment II:0.00316, 0.0100, 0.0316, 0.100, 0.316, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 μL/plate(TA 98, TA 1535, TA 1537 and TA 102)0.00100, 0.00316, 0.0100, 0.0316, 0.100, 0.316 and 1.0 μL/plate(TA 100)
- Vehicle / solvent:
- Vehicle/solvent used: DMSO Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The solvent was compatible with the survival of the bacteria and the S9 activity
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Solvent controls, consisting of solvent or vehicle alone as well as untreated controls were treated in the same way as the treatment groups
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- S. typhimurium: TA 100, TA 1535
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Solvent controls, consisting of solvent or vehicle alone as well as untreated controls were treated in the same way as the treatment groups
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine
- Remarks:
- S. typhimurium: TA 98, TA 1537
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Solvent controls, consisting of solvent or vehicle alone as well as untreated controls were treated in the same way as the treatment groups
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Remarks:
- S. typhimurium: TA 102
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Solvent controls, consisting of solvent or vehicle alone as well as untreated controls were treated in the same way as the treatment groups
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: Vogel-Bonner Medium E agar plates with 2% glucoseDURATION- Preincubation period: 60 minutes at 37 °C (100 μL of the test item preparation was pre-icubated with the tester strains (100 μL) and sterile buffer or the metabolic activation system (500 μL))- Exposure duration: after solidification the plates were inverted and incubated at 37 °C for at least 48 h in the dark - Expression time (cells in growth medium):Evaluation of Cytotoxicity:Cytotoxicity can be detected by a clearing or rather diminution of the background lawn or a reduction in the number of revertants down to a mutation factor of approximately ≤ 0.5 in relation to the solvent control.Evaluation of Mutagenicity:The mutation Factor is calculated by dividing the mean value of the revertant counts through the mean values of the solvent control (the exact and not the rounded values are used for calculation).According to OECD guidelines, the biological relevance of the results is the criterion for the interpretation of results, a statistical evaluation of the results is not regarded as necessary.A test item producing neither a dose related increase in the number of revertants nor a reproducible biologically relevant positive response at any of the dose groups is considered to be non-mutagenic in this system.
- Rationale for test conditions:
- According to OECD guidelines
- Evaluation criteria:
- According to OECD guidelines, the biological relevance of the results is the criterion for the interpretation of results, a statistical evaluation of the results is not regarded as necessaryEvaluation of Cytotoxicity:Cytotoxicity can be detected by a clearing or rather diminution of the background lawn or a reduction in the number of revertants down to a mutation factor of approximately ≤ 0.5 in relation to the solvent control.Evaluation of Mutagenicity:The mutation Factor is calculated by dividing the mean value of the revertant counts through the mean values of the solvent control (the exact and not the rounded values are used for calculation).According to OECD guidelines, the biological relevance of the results is the criterion for the interpretation of results, a statistical evaluation of the results is not regarded as necessary.A test item producing neither a dose related increase in the number of revertants nor a reproducible biologically relevant positive response at any of the dose groups is considered to be non-mutagenic in this system.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Remarks:
- (Experiment: I)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Remarks:
- (Experiment: I)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Remarks:
- (Experiment: I)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Remarks:
- (Experiment: I)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 102
- Remarks:
- (Experiment: I)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Remarks:
- (Experiment: II)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Remarks:
- (Experiment: II)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Remarks:
- (Experiment: II)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Remarks:
- (Experiment: II)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 102
- Remarks:
- (Experiment: II)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, it can be started that during the described mutagenicity test and under the experimental conditions reported, 1-chloro-3-phenylpropane did not cause gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the tester strains used.Therefore, 1-chloro-3-phenylpropane is considered to be non-mutagenic in this bacterial reverse mutation assay.
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