reaction mass of Calcium chloride and Sodium chloride

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1985

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study was non GLP, but followed ASTM guidelines. The report provided detailed information for a clear interpretation of the results.

Justification for type of information:

See attached document

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: ASTM E729

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Water samples were collected at the median depth of the water column of each test chamber

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Lepomis macrochirus

Details on test organisms:

Bluegill sunfish were provided by the Frankfort National Fish Hatchery, Frankfort, KY. Fishes were acclimated in ASTM water for at least 2 weeks, and feeding (brine shrimp twice daily) was withheld 24 hours prior to testing.

Weight of blugill used in the acute toxicity test was 0.260 g. The standard error was 0.018g.

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

Mean = 101.7 mg CaCO3/L
Standard Deviation = 7.6 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

Mean = 21.7 degrees C
Standard deviation = 0.1 degrees C

pH:

Mean = 7.58
Standard Deviation = 0.15

Dissolved oxygen:

Mean = 7.1 mg/L
Standard deviation = 0.3 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations = Control, 4.8, 5.4, 6.0, 6.6, 7.2 g/L
Measured concentrations = <0.006 (Control), 4.86, 5.52, 6.09, 6.80, and 7.20 g/L

Details on test conditions:

Sodium chloride was administered under continuous flow conditions using 8-L Pyrex exposure chambers (each containing 20 organisms). Control water and test water with specified exposure concentrations of toxicant was pumped through the exposure chambers at a rate (30 mL/min) allowing the test medium to be renewed over 5 times a day. The inlet of the exposure chamber was positioned 5 cm above the bottom of the container and the outlet, situated on the opposite side, was approximately 3 cm below the top. Peristaltic pumps (Cole-Palmer Masterflex Model 7553-10) connected to 20-L Nalgene reservoirs were used to maintain the continuous-flow system. The tests were performed in duplicate, using at exponential series of at least 5 exposure cocentrations and controls. Feeding was withheld over the 4-day exposure period.

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

5 840 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 5560 - 6080 mg/L

Details on results:

96 hour percent survival in the control, 4.8, 5.4, 6.0, 6.6, and 7.2 g/L treatment groups were 95, 80, 58, 45, 20, and 5%, respectively.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The 96 hour LC50 for bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) exposed to NaCl in a continuous flow-through system was 5840 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The 96 hour LC50 for bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) exposed to NaCl in a continuous flow-through system was 5840 mg/L.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Taken from OECD SIDS (Guideline study).

Justification for type of information:

See attached document

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA/600/4-90/027, EPA/600/6-91/003

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

a) Size: Not described
b) Age: 1-7 days old
c) Pretreatment: no data
d) Supplier/Source: ENSR, Fort Collins, CO, USA

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

4 630 mg/L

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 6 560 mg/L

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 6 660 mg/L

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Table: Mean LC50 values
-------------------------------------------------------

Exposure period 24h 48h 96h
Number of test 3 3 3
LC50 (mg/l)* >6660 >6560 4630
Range (mg/l)** 4700->10000 4390->10000 3930-5360
------------------------------------------------------

* Values are arithmetic mean of 3 tests.
** Range of three LC50s

Conclusions:

The 96 hr LC50 of calcium chloride to the Fathead minnow was determined to be 4630 mg/L (expressed as anhydrous CaCl2).

Executive summary:

The 96 hr LC50 of calcium chloride to the Fathead minnow was determined to be 4630 mg/L (expressed as anhydrous CaCl2).

Description of key information

No experimental data are available that assess the short-term toxicity of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride to fish. Nevertheless, a 96h-LC50 value can be derived from reliable information that is available on both constituents.

Based on the data on calcium chloride, the 96h-LC50 for the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride is considered to be 4630 mg/L (i.e. worst case).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

4 630 mg/L

Additional information

No experimental data are available to assess the short-term toxicity of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride to fish. Nevertheless, reliable information is available for calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The acute toxicity towards fish of the constituents of the reaction mass (i.e. CaCl2 and NaCl) is known and the LD50 of the substance can thus be predicted. To this end, the key studies assessing the acute toxicity of both compounds identified in the REACH registration dossier were selected.

For calcium chloride, a short-term toxicity test with Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) was carried out based on EPA guidances (Mount et al. 1997). A control plus four test substance concentrations were tested (ranging from 1250 to 10000 mg/L). The experiment was run in triplicate with 5 test animals per dose group per replicate. Based on survival after 96h, the LC50 of CaCl2 for was estimated at 4630 mg/L (expressed as anhydrous CaCl2).

For sodium chloride, the LC50 for Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill sunfish) was estimated from a non-GLP study based on ASTM guidelines (Birge et al. 1985). In this flow-through experiment, 20 fishes per dose group were exposed to five NaCl concentrations ranging from 4.8 to 7.2 g/L. The test (including control) was run in duplicate. The LC50 for bluegill sunfish was 5840 mg/L.

The reaction mass contains c.a. 68% of calcium chloride and 30% sodium chloride. The LC50 of the reaction mass was defined based on a worst case (i.e. the lowest LC50 of the two constituent was selected to reflect the LC50 of the reaction mass). Accordingly, the LC50 for fish of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride is 4630 mg/L.