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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
A GLP-compliant bacterial reverse mutation assay was performed on 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol, reaction products with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, mono, di and triesters with acrylic acid in accordance with the OECD Testing Guideline 471. The purpose of the assay was to evaluate 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol, reaction products with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, mono, di and triesters with acrylic acid for the ability to induce reverse mutations, either directly or after metabolic activation, at the histidine or tryptophan locus in the genome of five strains of bacteria.
The results were that it induced a dose related, statistically significant and reproducible increase in the frequency of TA100 revertant colonies. This happened only at the upper dose levels, in the absence of metabolic activation. Smaller, non-statistically significant increases in revertant colonies were observed in some strains of bacteria the absence and/or presence of metabolic activation.
Because of this, it was concluded that 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol, reaction products with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, mono, di and triesters with acrylic acid is mutagenic.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 06/Feb/2019 - 04/Mar/2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare and Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,
- Version / remarks:
- 24 November 2000
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ICH S2(R1) guideline adopted June 2012 (ICH S2(R1) Federal Register.
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted 2012; 77:33748-33749)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Target gene:
- Histidine metabolism for Salmonella strains.
Tryptophan metabolism for Escherichia strain. - Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- - Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
- source of S9: HSD: CD Sprague Dawley
- method of preparation of S9 mix: Oral, Phenobarbital / Beta-Naphtha flavone at 80/100mg/Kg
- concentration or volume of S9 mix and S9 in the final culture medium: 10% S9 fraction in S9 mix. 0.5 mL used.
- quality controls of S9: sterility and efficacy, certificate provided. - Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- The test item was tested using the following method. The maximum concentration was 5000 ug/plate (the OECD TG 471 maximum recommended dose level). Eight concentrations of the test item (1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 ug/plate) were assayed in triplicate against each tester strain, using the direct plate incorporation method.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Test item immiscible in sterile distilled water, but fully miscible in DMSO.
- Justification for percentage of solvent in the final culture medium: To be in line with in-house historical control profiles. - Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- 9-aminoacridine
- N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
- benzo(a)pyrene
- other: Identity: 2-Aminoanthracene (2AA) CAS No.: 613-13-8 Batch number: STBB1901M9 Purity: 97.5% Expiry date: 08 October 2019 Solvent: DMSO Concentration: 1 ug/plate for TA100 2 ug/plate for TA1535 and TA1537 10 ug/plate for WP2uvrA
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration: triplicate.
METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Test substance added in medium; in agar (plate incorporation).
TREATMENT AND HARVEST SCHEDULE:
- Preincubation period, if applicable: 10 hours.
- Harvest time after the end of treatment: after 48-72 hours .
FOR GENE MUTATION:
- Expression time (cells in growth medium between treatment and selection): 48-72 hours.
- Method used: agar.
- Method to enumerate numbers of viable and mutants cells: automated colony counting system.
- Rationale for test conditions:
- In accordance with the OECD Testing Guideline 471.
- Evaluation criteria:
- There are several criteria for determining a positive result. Any, one, or all of the following can be used to determine the overall result of the study:
1. A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres and Shelby, 1979).
2. A reproducible increase at one or more concentrations.
3. Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges.
4. A fold increase greater than two times the concurrent solvent control for TA100, TA98 and WP2uvrA or a three-fold increase for TA1535 and TA1537 (especially if accompanied by an out-of-historical range response (Cariello and Piegorsch, 1996)).
5. Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al., 1989).
A test item will be considered non-mutagenic (negative) in the test system if the above criteria are not met.
Although most experiments will give clear positive or negative results, in some instances the data generated will prohibit making a definite judgment about test item activity. Results of this type will be reported as equivocal. - Statistics:
- Statistical significance was confirmed by using Dunnetts Regression Analysis (* = p < 0.05) for those values that indicate statistically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies compared to the concurrent solvent control.
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Remarks:
- statistically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- other: non statistically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- other: non statistically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- other: non statistically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Data on pH: 0.2 M Sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) 25.0 mL used.
- Precipitation and time of the determination: Cream coloured test item film discovered at time of counting.
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES (if applicable): Experiment one informed ranged used in Experiment 2.
STUDY RESULTS
- Concurrent vehicle negative and positive control data : Available in attached background documents.
For all test methods and criteria for data analysis and interpretation:
- Statistical analysis: * = p < 0.05.
Ames test:
- Signs of toxicity : None mentioned.
- Individual plate counts : Available in attached background documents.
- Mean number of revertant colonies per plate and standard deviation : Available in attached background documents.
HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA (with ranges, means and standard deviation, and 95% control limits for the distribution as well as the number of data)
- Positive historical control data: Available in attached background documents.
- Negative (solvent/vehicle) historical control data: Available in attached background documents. - Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this test 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol, reaction products with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, mono, di and triesters with acrylic acid was considered to be mutagenic.
- Executive summary:
A GLP-compliant bacterial reverse mutation assay was performed on 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol, reaction products with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, mono, di and triesters with acrylic acid in accordance with the OECD Testing Guideline 471. The purpose of the assay was to evaluate 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol, reaction products with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, mono, di and triesters with acrylic acid for the ability to induce reverse mutations, either directly or after metabolic activation, at the histidine or tryptophan locus in the genome of five strains of bacteria.
The results were that it induced a dose related, statistically significant and reproducible increase in the frequency of TA100 revertant colonies. This happened only at the upper dose levels, in the absence of metabolic activation. Smaller, non-statistically significant increases in revertant colonies were observed in some strains of bacteria the absence and/or presence of metabolic activation.
Because of this, it was concluded that 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol, reaction products with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, mono, di and triesters with acrylic acid was mutagenic under the conditions of the test.
Reference
Full results tables can be found in the attached background documents.
Only TA100 results in the absence of metabolic activation are described as statistically significant.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (positive)
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
For the purpose of a Registration under Annex VII of REACH, it is required to provide information on the capacity of the substance to induce gene mutation in bacteria. A study was conducted in accordance with the OECD Testing Guideline 471 (Ames Test), which concluded that the registered substance was mutagenic under the conditions of the test. This result alone is not sufficient to conclude on the classification of the substance in accordance with Regulation (EC) No.1272/2008 and further testing will have to be performed.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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