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EC number: 253-149-0 | CAS number: 36653-82-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1992-02-18 to 1992-02-21
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to an appropriate national standard method and was compliant with GLP. The test organisms are exposed to concentrations much higher than the limit of solubility and no analytical monitoring was carried out.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: German standard method; DIN 38412 part 9
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no range finding test, no analytical monitoring.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: test substance was directly weighed into test vessels
- Controls: test medium without test substance - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: SAG 8681
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Institute of Plant Physiology, University of Gottingen
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: not reported
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not reported - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 22-23 degC
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal Loading Rate: 0, 10, 30, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flask
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 300 ml
- Initial cells density: 1*10^4 cells/ml
- Control end cells density: 2.1*10^6
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used: the medium was defined as Algae 10.10 / TFB Central laboratory soil nutrients.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: not reported
- Culture medium different from test medium: not reported
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: not reported
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity and quality: 2000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: cell numbers were counted at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h via the Thoma-Kammer method.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3 - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL0
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL0
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 690 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: the effects observed are all above the limit of solubility (LoS) of the test substance. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The analysis of the data was carried out in accordance with DIN regulation by a computer program by Mr. Holtmann, TFA / mathematical methods, Henkel KGaA.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- no water quality data, however the test did meet the validity criteria for cell multiplication in the controls.
- Conclusions:
- A 96 h EL0 value of 100 mg/L and an EL50 value of >1000 mg/L have been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of the test substance of S. subspicatus. These results are much higher than the limit of solubility of the test substance and should be treated with caution; the test substance did not appear to be toxic at the limit of solubility. Therefore the EL50 is >0.01 mg/L (>Limit of Solubility).
Reference
Table 1. summary of findings.
Nominal loading rate (mg/L) | Cell concentration | |||
24 h | 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | |
0 | 2.7*10^4 | 1.4*10^5 | 7.3*10^5 | 2.1*10^6 |
10 | 3.7*10^4 | 2.5*10^5 | 9.8*10^5 | 2.2*10^6 |
30 | 1.7*10^4 | 9.7*10^4 | 5.8*10^5 | 1.1*10^6 |
100 | 1.7*10^4 | 9.7*10^4 | 4.5*10^5 | 1.2*10^6 |
300 | 3.7*10^4 | 1.0*10^5 | 4.9*10^5 | 9.0*10^5 |
1000 | 1.3*10^4 | 7.3*10^4 | 3.9*10^5 | 9.0*10^5 |
Description of key information
Toxicity to aquatic algae: Key: 96 h EL50: >1000 mg/l and EL0 100 mg/l (nominal) in accordance with German standard method; DIN 38412 part 9, for effects of hexadecan-1-ol (C16, CAS 36653-82-4) on growth rate of Desmodesmus subspicatus (Henkel, 1992). Therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of solubility.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
A reliable 96 hour EL50 value of >1000 mg/l and EL0 value of 100 mg/l have been determined for the effects of hexadecan-1-ol (C16, CAS 36653-82-4) on growth rate of Desmodesmus subspicatus (Henkel, 1992) in accordance with German standard method; DIN 38412 part 9. The water solubility of C16 is 0.024 mg/L, therefore C16 can be considered non-toxic at the Limit of Solubility (LoS) and the EL50 and EL0values can be said to be >0.024 mg/L (>LoS).
Discussion of trends in the Category of C6-24 linear and essentially-linear aliphatic alcohols:
The data for single carbon chain length LCAAs show toxicity to increase from an ErC50 of 80 mg/L for C6 to 0.33 mg/L for C12. The C14 and C16 LCAAs were not toxic to algae, indicating a toxicity cut-off at C14 and above. Two of the studies determined NOECs that are suitable for assessing long-term toxicity. A NOEC of 11 mg/L has been reported for hexan-1-ol based on measured exposure concentrations. A test with dodecanol resulted in a 72-h EC0 (equivalent to a NOEC) value of 0.085 mg/L.
Other algal studies used a WAF methodology and/or used test concentrations greater than the limit of water solubility and/or did not report a NOEC or equivalent statistic.
The data for mixed carbon chain length LCAAs (commercial products) shows that substances containing LCAAs with carbon numbers in the ranges of C7-9 to C12-15 exerted toxicity at concentrations of between 3.1 and 0.043-0.092 mg/L. At these concentrations all the constituents are likely to have been fully dissolved. For the C12-18 and C14-15 multi-constituent substances there was evidence of toxic effects in tests conducted on water-accommodated fractions prepared at loading rates that will have exceeded the solubility of some constituents.
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