1-(2,2,4-trimethyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-l (2H)-yl)ethanone

Explosiveness

Administrative data

Endpoint:

explosive properties of explosives

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

13 Jul - 12 Aug 2020

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2020

Report date:

2020

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Part I: Classification procedures, test methods and criteria relating to explosives of Class 1

Version / remarks:

UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, rev. 7 (2019), Appendix 6 - Koenen test: UN-tests 1(b), 2(b) - Time / pressure test 1(c), 2(c)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD 113 Screening test for thermal stability and stability in air

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Hess. Ministerium für Umwelt, Klimaschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Wiesbaden, Germany

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1-(2,2,4-trimethyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-l (2H)-yl)ethanone

EC Number:

855-228-0

Cas Number:

4497-59-0

Molecular formula:

C14 H19 N O

IUPAC Name:

1-(2,2,4-trimethyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-l (2H)-yl)ethanone

Results and discussion

Small-scale preliminary tests

Parameter:

other: decomposition energy from DSC measurement in J/g

Value:

550

Remarks on result:

other: several exothermal effects starting at 160 °C with an energy of up to 550 J/g in closed DSC-measurements

Results of test series for explosives

Results of test series for explosives 1

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 1 (b): Koenen test

Parameter:

limiting diameter (mm)

Result:

negative, no explosion

Remarks on result:

other: No explosion was observed, the limiting diameter was less than 1 mm.

Results of test series for explosives 2

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 1 (c) (i): Time/pressure test

Parameter:

other: Pressure rise time

Result:

negative, no or slow deflagration

Remarks on result:

p = 2070 kPa: no

Remarks:

None of the three tests reached a pressure of 2070 kPa.

Results of test series for explosives 3

Test series:

UN Test series 2

Method:

UN Test 2 (b): Koenen test

Parameter:

limiting diameter (mm)

Result:

negative, no explosion

Remarks on result:

other: No explosion was observed, the limiting diameter was less than 1 mm.

Results of test series for explosives 4

Test series:

UN Test series 2

Method:

UN Test 2 (c) (i): Time/pressure test

Parameter:

other: Pressure rise time

Result:

negative, no or slow deflagration

Remarks on result:

p = 2070 kPa: no

Remarks:

None of the three tests reached a pressure of 2070 kPa.

Results of test series for explosives 5

Test series:

UN Test series 2

Method:

UN Test 2 (a): UN gap test

Parameter:

other: fragmentation

Result:

other: see remarks

Remarks on result:

neither a test for propagation of detonation nor a test for sensitivity to detonative shock is required because the exothermic decomposition energy of the organic substance is less than 800 J/g

Any other information on results incl. tables

Thermal stability
Two DSC measurement in closed glass crucibles showed an endothermal effect in the temperature range 70 -105 °C and two exothermal effects in the overall temperature range of 210 - 480 °C with a maximum energy release of 550 J/g. The course of the baseline in the upper temperature range was ambiguous, this could have been caused by a pressure rise. Due to this, the measurement was repeated in high pressure crucibles. 

One DSC measurement in high pressure crucibles showed an endothermal effect in the temperature range 70 - 100 °C and several exothermal effects in the overall temperature range 160 - 500 °C with an energy release of 212 J/g.

The results are summarized in the Table below:

Ident-No.	Weight / mg	Final temperature / °C	Temperature range / °C	Type of effect	Energy / J/g
39147	11.61	500	70 - 105 220 - 250 255 - 460	Endothermal Exothermal Exothermal	n.r. 4 546
39150	11.95	500	70 - 100 210 - 250 340 - 480	Endothermal Exothermal Exothermal	n.r. 7 484
39156	16.56	500	70 - 100 160 - 260 275 - 365 375 - 500	Endothermal Exothermal Exothermal Exothermal	n.r. 30 28 154

n.r.: not relevant

The heat of decomposition was above 500 J/g and below 800 J/g. Therefore, additional tests have to be performed for a classification or an exclusion as explosive substance according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, revision 7 (2019).

As the heat of decomposition was below 800 J/g and the test item is an organic substance, the next tests would be Koenen-test according to UN 1 (b)/2 (b) and Time-Pressure test according to UN 1 (c)/2 (c).

Koenen test
The Koenen test was started with a diameter of 5 mm and subsequently continued with 3 mm, 2 mm, 1.5 mm and 1 mm. The physical state of the test item (solid) excludes the enrichment of high-energy components caused by evaporation of volatile solvents. Therefore, an explosion with larger nozzles could be excluded. 7 tests were performed. Tests were performed with a circular nozzle plate with a hole of varying diameters.The results are shown in Table below.

Amount / g	Diameter of orifice / mm	t1 / s	t2 / s	Reaction	Effect
23.1	5	73	> 300	Flame	o
23.1	3	74	> 300	Flame	o
23.1	2	74	> 300	Flame	o
23.1	1.5	73	> 300	Flame	o
23.1	1.0	71	> 300	Flame	o
23.1	1.0	72	> 300	Flame	o
23.1	1.0	71	> 300	Flame	o

t₁: time to any reaction, e.g. whistle or flame
t₂: time to main reaction, e.g. rupture of tube or flashing
o: tube unchanged

No explosion was observed. The limiting diameter was less than 1 mm. Therefore, the results had to be evaluated as negative according to UN tests 1(b) and 2(b): negative "-". 

 

Time / pressure test
Table below shows the used amounts of sample and the results from the Time / pressure test. 

	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3
Amount in g	5.0	5.0	5.0
Time to 690 kPag in s	2.01	-	-
Time to 2070 kPag in s	-	-	-
Pressure rise time in s	-	-	-

None of the three tests reached a pressure of 2070 kPa. Therefore, the result had to be evaluated as negative according to UN tests 1(c) and 2(c): negative "-".  These evaluations indicate no (or slow) deflagration according to the UN tests 1(c) and 2(c).

 

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Remarks:

Due to a decomposition energy <800 J/g and due to the fact that the test item consisted mainly of organic components a series 1 type (a) test (propagation of a detonation) was not necessary (see appendix 6 of UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, revision 7 (2019)). Also due to negative results presented above from the UN tests 1(b) (effect of heating under confinement) and 1(c) (effect of ignition under confinement), the test item can be excluded from classification in class 1 (explosives) according to series 1 of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, revision 7 (2019).