.alpha.-D-Glucopyranoside, methyl 1-C-[4-chloro-3-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl]-, compd. with 2-butyne-1,4-diol (1:1)

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity

Administrative data

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

June 2015 - September 2015

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The study is performed according to OECD/EC guidelines and in compliance with GLP principles.

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2015

Report date:

2015

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test) March 1996.

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.3650, Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test, July 2000.

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Guideline 421, Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test, July 1995.

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 4

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: The United States EPA Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.3550, Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test, July 2000.

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 5

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: EU Method B.7 (Repeated Dose (28 Days) Toxicity (Oral)) May 2008.

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

In addition, the procedures described in this report essentially conform to the following guidelines:
OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Guideline 407, Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents, October 2008.
The United States EPA Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.3050, Repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study in rodents, July 2000.

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Solvate of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol with 2-butyne-1, 4-diol (1:1)

Cas Number:

960404-59-5

Molecular formula:

C26 H33 Cl O9

IUPAC Name:

Solvate of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol with 2-butyne-1, 4-diol (1:1)

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Remarks:

migrated information: powder

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): BMS-587319-03
- Physical state: White powder
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature.

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Crl:WI)Han

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Sulzfeld, Germany.
- Age at study initiation: Approximately 10-12 weeks.
- Weight at study initiation: males: 301-337 grams; females: 202-244 grams
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: Pre-cohabitation: Animals were housed in groups of 5 animals/sex/cage in Macrolon plastic cages. Cohabitation: Females were caged together with males on a one-to-one-basis in Macrolon plastic cages. Post-cohabitation: Males were housed in their home cage (Macrolon plastic cages, with a maximum of 5 animals/cage. Females were individually housed in Macrolon plastic cages. Lactation: Pups were kept with the dam until termination in Macrolon plastic cages. During locomotor activity monitoring of the dams the pups were kept warm in their home cage using bottles filled with warm water. Sterilized sawdust as bedding material and paper as cage-enrichment/nesting material were supplied. During locomotor activity monitoring, animals were housed individually in a polycarbonate cage without cage-enrichment, bedding material, food and water.
- Diet: Free access to pelleted rodent diet (SM R/M-Z from SSNIFF® Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany).
- Water: Free access to tap-water.
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days prior to start of treatment.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19.6 – 21.3
- Humidity (%): 41 - 73
- Air changes (per hr): at least 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 29 July 2015 To: 22 September 2015

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

propylene glycol

Remarks:

specific gravity 1.036

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Formulations (w/w) were prepared daily within 6 hours prior to dosing and were homogenized to a visually acceptable level. Adjustment was made for specific gravity of the vehicle. No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test substance.
Dose volume was 5 mL/kg bw/day. Actual dose volumes were calculated according to the latest body weight.

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Based on trial formulations performed at WIL Research Europe. Based on information provided by the sponsor.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Analyses were conducted on a single occasion during the treatment phase (31 July 2015; Study Day 3), according to a validated method (Project 509278). Samples of formulations were analyzed for homogeneity (highest and lowest concentration) and accuracy of preparation (all concentrations). Stability in vehicle over 6 hours at room temperature was also determined (lowest concentration). The accuracy of preparation was considered acceptable if the mean measured concentrations were 90-110% of the target concentration. Homogeneity was demonstrated if the coefficient of variation was ≤ 10%. Formulations were considered stable if the relative difference before and after storage was maximally 10%.

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: 1/1
- Length of cohabitation: a maximum of 14 days
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 post-coitum
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged: Females were individually housed in Macrolon plastic cages. Pups were kept with the dam until termination in Macrolon plastic cages.

A maximum of 14 days will be allowed for mating, after which females who have not shown evidence of mating will be separated from their males. In case less than 9 females per group have shown evidence of mating, each non-mated female may be re-mated once with a proven male of the same group for a maximum of 7 days (if possible).

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Males were exposed for 29-33 days, i.e. 2 weeks prior to cohabitation, during cohabitation and up to the day prior to scheduled necropsy.
Females were exposed for 40-55 days, i.e. during 2 weeks prior to cohabitation, during cohabitation, during post-coitum, and during at least 4 days of lactation (up to the day prior to scheduled necropsy). Pups were not dosed directly but could have potentially be exposed to the test substance in utero, via maternal milk and/or from exposure to maternal urine/feces.

Frequency of treatment:

Once daily for 7 days per week.

Duration of test:

From two weeks prior to cohabitation up to at least 4 days of lactation.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: Dose levels were based on results of a 10-day dose range finding study.

Examinations

Maternal examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: At least twice daily.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Daily from treatment onwards up to the day prior to necropsy. Once prior to start of treatment and at weekly intervals during the treatment period this was also performed outside the home cage in a standard arena.

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Males and females were weighed on the first day of dosing and weekly thereafter. Mated females were weighed on Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17 and 20 post-coitum and on Days 1 and 4 of lactation.

FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes

WATER CONSUMPTION: No
- Subjective appraisal was maintained during the study, but no quantitative investigation was introduced as no treatment related effect was suspected.

OTHER: haematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, FOB, gross pathology, organ weights, histopathology

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: No
- Number of corpora lutea: Yes
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of early resorptions: Yes
- Number of late resorptions: Yes

Fetal examinations:

gestation index and duration, parturition, maternal care and early postnatal pup development (Number of dead and living pups at first litter check, postnatal loss, viability index and sex ratio, clinical signs, body weight and macroscopy)

Statistics:

The following statistical methods were used to analyze the data:
- If the variables could be assumed to follow a normal distribution, the Dunnett-test (many-to-one t-test) based on a pooled variance estimate was applied for the comparison of the treated groups and the control groups for each sex.
- The Steel-test (many-to-one rank test) was applied if the data could not be assumed to follow a normal distribution.
- The Fisher Exact-test was applied to frequency data.
- The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA test was applied to motor activity data to determine intergroup differences.

All tests were two-sided and in all cases p < 0.05 was accepted as the lowest level of significance. Group means were calculated for continuous data and medians were calculated for discrete data (scores) in the summary tables. Test statistics were calculated on the basis of exact values for means and pooled variances.

Indices:

Precoital time: Number of days between start of mating and confirmation of mating
Mating index (%): (Number of females mated/ Number of females paired ) x 100
Fertility index (%): (Number of pregnant females/ Number of females paired) x 100
Conception index (%): (Number of pregnant females/ Number of females mated) x 100
Gestation index (%): (Number of females bearing live pups/ Number of pregnant females) x 100
Duration of gestation: Number of days between confirmation of mating and the beginning
of parturition
Percentage live males at First Litter Check: (Number of live male pups at First Litter Check/ Number of live pups at First Litter Check) x 100
Percentage live females at First Litter Check: (Number of live female pups at First Litter Check/ Number of live pups at First Litter Check) x 100
Percentage of postnatal loss: Number of dead pups before planned necropsy/ Number of live pups at First Litter Check) x 100
Viability index: (Number of live pups before planned necropsy/ Number of pups born alive) x 100

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

Maternal developmental toxicity

Details on maternal toxic effects:

Maternal toxic effects:yes

Details on maternal toxic effects:
In high dose females statistically significant changes compared to controles included higher relative neutrophil counts, lower realtive lymphocyte counts, higher relative reticulocyte count, higher red cell distribution with, and lower haemoglobin concentration.
In high dose animals statistically significant changes compared to controls included higher total protein (not statistically significant for females), higher cholesterol (not statistically significant for males), higher calcium, higher ALAT in females, lower chloride in females.
In high dose animals statistically significant changes compared to controls included higher urinary volume, higher glucose, higher sodium excretion in males, higher urinary pH in females. The lower calcium concentration in females at 1.5, 15 and 150 mg/kg bw/day showed no dose-related trend. Also, when corrected for urinary volume, calcium excretion was not statistically different to controls at 1.5 and 150 mg/kg bw/day. Also, the lower potassium concentration in males at 150 mg/kg bw/day, was not statistically different to controls when corrected for urinary volume. These variations were therefore considered not toxicologically relevant.
Statisticaly significant higher liver weights were observed in males at 150 mg/kg bw/day (relative to body weights) and females (absolute and relative to body weights); mean relative weight was approximately 17 and 37% higher than the control mean for males and females, respectively.
Statistically significant lower prostate gland weight (absolute and relative) was observed at 15 and 150 mg/kg bw/day (no clear dose-related trend); mean relative weight was approximately 23 and 19% lower than the control mean at 15 and 150 mg/kg bw/day, respectively.
Statistically significant lower thymus weight was observed in high dose females (absolute and relative); mean relative weight was approximately 29% lower than the control mean.
Statistically significant higher uterus weight was observed at 15 mg/kg bw/day (relative) and 150 mg/kg bw/day (absolute and relative); mean relative weight was approximately 41 and 40% higher than the control mean at 15 and 150 mg/kg bw/day, respectively.
Test item-related microscopic findings were present in the thyroid gland of both sexes and trachea, liver, spleen and adrenal glands of females:
Thyroid glands: Hypertrophy of follicular cells was recorded at a slightly increased severity in males at 150 mg/kg bw/day and at an increased incidence and severity in females at 150 mg/kg bw/day. The incidences and severities recorded for the remaining dose groups are within background pathology for rats of this age and strain.
Trachea: Hypertrophy of the ciliated epithelium was recorded at a minimal or slight degree in 4/5 females at 150 mg/kg bw/day.
Liver: Hepatocellular hypertrophy was recorded at a minimal or slight degree in 2/5 females at 150 mg/kg bw/day.
Spleen: An increased incidence and/or severity of extramedullary hematopoiesis (up to slight at 1.5 mg/kg bw/day, up to moderate at 15 and 150 mg/kg bw/day) was present in females starting at 1.5 mg/kg bw/day.
Adrenal glands: An increased incidence and severity (up to slight degree) of hypertrophy of the zona fasciculata was recorded in females at 150 mg/kg bw/day.

Effect levels (maternal animals)

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

>= 150 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: developmental toxicity

2

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

15 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: maternal toxicity

3

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

>= 150 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: other:

Results (fetuses)

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:

Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:no effects

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
VIABILITY (OFFSPRING):
No test-substance related effects observed. Number of dead and living pups at first litter check, postnatal loss, viability index and sex ratio were unaffected by treatment.

CLINICAL SIGNS (OFFSPRING):
Incidental clinical symptoms consisted of blue spots on the head, snout and left eye for a single surviving pup. The nature and incidence of these clinical signs remained within the range considered normal for pups of this age, and were therefore considered to be of no toxicological relevance.

BODY WEIGHT (OFFSPRING):
Body weights of pups were considered to have been unaffected by treatment.

GROSS PATHOLOGY (OFFSPRING):
Incidental macroscopic findings of pups that were found dead included absence of milk in the stomach. The nature and incidence of this finding remained within the range considered normal for pups of this age, and was therefore considered to be of no toxicological relevance.

Effect levels (fetuses)

Remarks on result:

other: Please refer to "details on embryonic/tetratogenic effect" section.

Fetal abnormalities

Abnormalities:

not specified

Overall developmental toxicity

Developmental effects observed:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

Accuracy of the preparations was between 100% and 103%. The concentrations analysed in the formulations of Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 were in agreement with target concentrations (i.e. mean accuracies between 90% and 110%).

Homogeneity coefficient of variation was 0.27 -0.75%. The formulations of Group 2 and Group 4 were homogeneous (i.e. coefficient of variation ≤ 10%).

Analysis of Group 2 formulations after storage yielded a relative difference of 0.6%. Based on this, the formulations were found to be stable during storage at room temperature under normal laboratory light conditions for at least 6 hours.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

No treatment-related changes were noted in any of the developmental parameters investigated in this study (maternal care and early postnatal pup development consisting of mortality, clinical signs, body weight and macroscopy). Based on these results, the NOAEL for developmental toxicity in this study is at least 150 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.

Executive summary:

BMS-587319-03 was administered by daily oral gavage to male and female Wistar Han rats at dose levels of 1.5, 15 and 150 mg/kg bw/day. Males were exposed for 2 weeks prior to cohabitation, during cohabitation, and up to termination (for 29-33 days). The females were exposed for 2 weeks prior to cohabitation, during cohabitation, during post-coitum, and at least 4 days of lactation (for 40-55 days). Formulation analysis showed that the formulations were prepared accurately and homogenously, and were stable for at least 6 hours at room temperature.

Treatment up to 150 mg/kg bw/day was well-tolerated; no mortality occurred, no treatment-related changes during functional observation tests were seen, and no toxicologically relevant clinical signs or changes in body weights and food intake were noted. Test-substance related effects were observed in high dose animals and included changes in haematological parameters (Hb, RDW, counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, reticulocytes), clinical biochemical parameters (prot, chol, Ca, Cl, ALAT), urinalysis (volume, glu, Na, pH), organ weight of liver, prostate gland, uterus, thymus (f), and microscopic findings (hypertrophy in cells of thyroid, trachea, liver, adrenals, haematopoiesis spleen). Based on the effects obeserved in high dose animals, the NOAEL for parental (systemic) toxicity for BMS-587319 -03 in this study is 15 mg/kg bw/day.

No treatment-related changes were noted in any of the reproductive parameters investigated in this study (i.e. mating, fertility and conception indices, precoital time, and numbers of corpora lutea and implantation sites, spermatogenic profiling, and histopathological examination of reproductive organs). Based on these results, the NOAEL for reproduction toxicity in this study is at least 150 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.

No treatment-related changes were noted in any of the developmental parameters investigated in this study (i.e. maternal care and early postnatal pup development consisting of mortality, clinical signs, body weight and macroscopy). Based on these results, the NOAEL for developmental toxicity in this study is at least 150 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.