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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

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Administrative data

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference
Endpoint:
effects on growth of an additional algal species
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
14 - 18 November, 2011
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
Version / remarks:
March 2006
Deviations:
not specified
GLP compliance:
yes
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
Samples from two sampling intervals were received on November 14 (Day 0), and November 18, 2011 (Day 4). The nominal concentrations were Control, 2.56, 6.40, 16.0, 40.0 and 100 mg/L (ppm).
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
Highest Test Solution (100 mg a.i./L):
Nominal Test Solution Concentration: 100 mg a.i./L
Preparation Vessel: 1000-mL borosilicate glass volumetric flask
Amount of test material added to volumetric flask: 100.5 mg
Diluent: 1xAAP + 3x Silicate media filter sterilized with 0.20 µm filter
Resulting Solution Volume: 1L
Method of Mixing: Flask was sonicated for approximately 2 hours. The flask was intermittently shaken vigorously during this time to facilitate the sonication process. After sonication flask was inverted several times to complete mixing.

Test Solutions:
Preparation Vessels: 1000 mL volumetric flasks
Vessel Material: Borosilicate glass
Volume Prepared: 1000 mL
Preparation Day(s): Day 0 (as uniform batches)
Mixing Method: Inverted vessels several times
Media (Table 1): 1xAAP + 3x Silicate media filter sterilized with 0.20 µm filter
Media pH: 7.5 ± 0.1
Media Dilution Water: Distilled water blended

Nominal Test Levels (mg a.i../L) Total Volume Prepared Amount of Compound Added
Control (0) 1000 mL None
100 1000 mL 100.5 mg
The following test concentrations were made via serial dilution from the next higher test concentration. All vessels were brought to a volume of 1L with filter sterilized 1xAAP + 3x Silicate media after adding the appropriate volume of the next higher test solution.

Nominal Test Levels (mg a.i./L) Total Volume Prepared Volume of Next Higher Solution Added
40 1000 mL 400 ml
16 1000 mL 400 ml
6.4 1000 mL 400 ml
2.56 1000 mL 400 ml
Test organisms (species):
Navicula pelliculosa
Details on test organisms:
Species Tested: Navicula pelliculosa
Source: University of Texas (UTEX), Austin, Texas
Date of Receipt: February 13, 2007
Batch Culture Preparation Date: November 11, 2011
Photoperiod: 24 hours Light
Light Intensity: 4300 lux (± 15%)
Temperature: 24 ± 2.0 °C
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
96 h
Hardness:
Not specified
Test temperature:
24.1 to 24.2 °C
pH:
7.3 to 10.2
Salinity:
Not specified
Conductivity:
157 to 176 µmhos/cm
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 2.56, 6.4, 16, 40 and 100 mg a.i./L
Mean measured: 2.35, 6.0, 15, 37 and 95 mg a.i./L (ranged from 92 to 95% of nominal test concentrations)
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Key result
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Key result
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
40 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Details on results:
The cells were observed each test day during the cell counting procedure with no abnormal observations noted.

Please refer to "overall remark/ attached background material" field for result tables.

Table 1: Validity criteria for OECD 201 (2006)

Criterion from the guideline

Outcome

Validity criterion fulfilled

The biomass in the control cultures should have increased exponentially by a factor of at least 16 within the 72-hour test period.

Factor of 72

yes

The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3, for 72-hour tests) in the control cultures must not exceed 35%

25%

yes

The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures must not exceed 7% in tests withPseudokirchneriella subcapitataandDesmodesmus subspicatus. For other less frequently tested species, the value should not exceed 10%.

1.9%

yes

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Remarks:
For further details please refer to “Any other information on results incl. tables”.
Conclusions:
The present guideline study was conducted in compliance with GLP. Under the test conditions used, the 96-hour EC50 and NOEC based on growth rate for N. pelliculosa were > 100 mg a.s./L and 40 mg a.s./L, respectively.

Description of key information

From key study, the 96-h ErC50 for aquatic algae exposed to the present test material was > 100 mg a.s./L in freshwater.

From supportive study, the 96-h ErC50for aquatic algae exposed to the present test material was 37.8 mg a.s./L in saltwater.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater algae:
100 mg/L
EC50 for marine water algae:
37.8 mg/L
EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
40 mg/L
EC10 or NOEC for marine water algae:
6.4 mg/L

Additional information

Five GLP-studies are available for toxicity testing in aquatic algae and cyanobacteria and one of them was identified as key study.

 

In the key study (2012), the toxicity of test substance to aquatic algae was investigated in a 96-hours static test with N. pelliculosa according to guideline OECD 201. An initial cell density of 1.0 x 104cells/mL was achieved in each of the three replicates per test concentration. Algae were exposed to nominal test item concentrations of 2.56, 6.4, 16, 40 and 100 mg a.s./L, alongside with a control containing only test medium. Mean measured concentrations from days 0 and 4 ranged from 92 to 95 % of nominal concentrations. Based on the nominal concentration 96-h ErC50was > 100 mg a.s./L and NOEC (96 h) was determined to be 40 mg a.s./L.

 

There are four additional studies available, conducted with A. flos-aquae, S. capricornutum, S. costatum and S.subspicatus; the resulting ErC50values ranged from 37.8 to > 270 mg a.s./L. These studies were considered suitable for supporting purpose.

 

In the first supporting study (2012), the toxicity of test material to A. flos-aquae was determined in a 96-h semi-static test according to guideline OECD 201.The 96-hour ErC50 of the test substance was determined to be > 100 mg a.s./L based on the nominal concentrations.

 

In the second supporting study (2000), the toxicity of test material to S. capricornutumwas determined in a 96-h-static test according to US EPA OPP 123 guideline.The 96-hour ErC50 of the test substance was determined to be > 120 mg a.s./L, based on the mean measured concentrations.

 

In the third supporting study (2012), the toxicity of test material to S. costatum was determined in a 96-h-static test according to OECD 201 guideline. The 96-hour ErC50 and NOEC based on nominal concentration of the test substance were determined to be 37.8 and 6.4  mg a.s./L, respectively.

In the fourth supporting study (2000), the toxicity of test material to S. subspicatus was determined in a 120-h-static test according to OECD 201 guideline. The 120-hour ErC50 and ErC10 based on nominal concentration of the test substance were determined to be > 270 and 202.08 mg/L, respectively.