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Environmental fate & pathways

Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests

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Reference
Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: sediment simulation testing
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1996-09-01 to 1997-03-01
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
comparable to guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: BBA-Guidelines for Testing of Plant Protectants in the Registration Process Part IV, 5-1, Degradability and Fate of Plant Protectants in the Water/Sediment System
Version / remarks:
1990
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: Commission Directive 95/36/EC, Placing Plan Protection Products on the Market; Official Journal of the European Communities
Version / remarks:
14. July 1995
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: SETAC-Europe Procedures for Assessing the Environmental Fate and Ecotoxicity of Pesticides
Version / remarks:
March 1995
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Radiolabelling:
yes
Remarks:
Label #1: [CI-phenyl-UL-14C]Triflumuron. Label #2: [OCF3-phenyl-UL-14C]Triflumuron.
Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
natural water / sediment
Remarks:
Two different water/sediment systems were used (Honniger pond and Von Diergardt lake).
Details on source and properties of surface water:
The study was carried out using two natural water-sediment systems. Honniger Pond (Honniger Weiher. Wipperfurth. Germany): Water and sediment samples were collected from an artificially dammed pond (mesotroph/oligotroph) in the course of the "Honniger Creek" forming "Honniger Pond". On account of its in- and outlet the pond (about 1,000 m in surface area) had a strong water current. Water and sediment were freshly sampled on September 24,1996. Von Diegardt Lake (Leverkusen. Germany): Water and sediment samples were collected from a lake (oligotroph) resulting from re-cultivation of a gravel pit. Water and sediment were freshly sampled on September 24, 1996. Water and sediment collected from both origins were kept under aerated conditions in the laboratories at the Institute of Metabolism Research and Residue Analysis. They were used within the next few days after sampling. Temperature, pH, oxygen content as well as redox potential of the samples at the time of collection are given in Table 1.
Details on source and properties of sediment:
On September 25, 1996 the collected water-sediment samples were separated in the laboratory by decanting the supernatant water each. The aqueous sediment was passed through a 0.5 cm mesh sieve and mixed. After settling the remaining water was decanted, the sediment was mixed again and the dry weight was determined. The dry matter content (mean of triplicates) of sediment Honniger was 47.8% and of the sediment Von Diergardt was 77.7 %.
Duration of test (contact time):
100 d
Initial conc.:
50 other: µg a.i./test vessel
Based on:
test mat.
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
radiochem. meas.
Parent/product:
parent
Compartment:
total system
Key result
% Degr.:
> 90
Parameter:
radiochem. meas.
Sampling time:
100 d
Key result
Compartment:
entire system
DT50:
< 6 d
Temp.:
20 °C
Key result
Compartment:
other: supernatant water
DT50:
1.6 d
Temp.:
20 °C
Transformation products:
yes
Remarks:
The main degradation products were identified as 2-chlorobenzoic acid and TFMU.
No.:
#1
No.:
#2
Details on results:
Triflumuron is quickly eliminated from the water body into the submerged sediments. The DT50 and DT90 values of Triflumuron for the supernatant water were quite short. Triflumuron is quickly eliminated from the water-sediment systems via degradation.

Table 2 - DT50 and DT90 calculations for Triflumuron in the supernatant water























Water-sediment system14C-labelDT50 (days)DT90 (days)
HonnigerMean of #1 and #21.617.6
Von DiergardtMean of #1 and #21.617.5

 


Table 2 - DT50 and DT90 calculations for Triflumuron in the water-sediment system



































Water-sediment system14C-labelDT50 (days)DT90 (days)
Honniger#16.065.8
Honniger#23.336.5
Von Diergardt#14.650.4
Von Diergardt#23.842.3
Conclusions:
According to the water/sediment study, triflumuron could be regarded as a rapidly dissipating compound from the water phase of a water/sediment system. Considering the total water/sediment system (i.e. an aquatic environment) triflumuron is quickly and thoroughly degraded as well as mineralised to CO2. Major metabolites identified in the water phase are 2-chlorobenzoic acid (M02, concentrations 44.8% and: 60.4% of the applied radioactivity in 14 days) and 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl urea (M08, concentrations 24.6% and 47.8% of the applied radioactivity at day 14). Major metabolites identified in sediments are 2-chlorobenzoic acid (M02, concentrations less than 8%) and 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl urea (M08, peak concentrations 20.4% and 14.1% at days 7 and 14).
Executive summary:

This study investigated the aerobic degradation and partitioning of triflumuron (2 label sites) in two water-sediment systems over a period of 100 days. Triflumuron was quickly eliminated from the water body by translocation into the sediment or via degradation. The calculated DT50 values were <2 days in supernatent water and <6 days in the entire system. The main degradation products were identified as 2-chlorobenzoic acid and TFMU.

Description of key information

According to the water/sediment study, triflumuron could be regarded as a rapidly dissipating compound from the water phase of a water/sediment system. Considering the total water/sediment system (i.e. an aquatic environment) triflumuron is quickly and thoroughly degraded as well as mineralised to CO2. Major metabolites identified in the water phase are 2-chlorobenzoic acid (concentrations 44.8% and: 60.4% of the applied radioactivity in 14 days) and 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl urea (concentrations 24.6% and 47.8% of the applied radioactivity at day 14). Major metabolites identified in sediments are 2-chlorobenzoic acid (concentrations less than 8%) and 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl urea (peak concentrations 20.4% and 14.1% at days 7 and 14).


The half-life value of 1.6 d at 20°C in freshwater has been converted to 3.4 d at 12°C and the half-life value of 6 d at 20°C in the whole system has been converted to 12.74 d at 12°C using the Arrhenius equation.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Half-life in freshwater:
3.4 d
at the temperature of:
12 °C

Whole System

Half-life in whole system:
12.74 d
at the temperature of:
12 °C
Type of system:
fresh water and sediment

Additional information