(Z)-tetrahydro-6-(2-pentenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Genetic toxicity in vitro

Description of key information

Bacterial reverse mutation, in vitro - Negative with and without metabolic activation.

 

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

13 March 2019 - 25 March 2019

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Identification: Jasminlactone
Physical state/Appearance: Clear colourless liquid
Chemical Name: (Z)-tetrahydro-6-(2-pentenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one
CAS Number: 25524-95-2
Batch Number: 8500119
Purity: 94.15 %
Expiry Date: 26 November 2021
Storage Conditions: Approximately 4 °C in the dark under Nitrogen
Formulated concentrations were adjusted to allow for the stated water/impurity content (5.85%) of the test item.

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
- source of S9 : The S9 Microsomal fractions (CD Sprague-Dawley) were pre-prepared using standardized in-house procedures (outside the confines of this study). Lot No. PB/βNF S9 28 October 2018 was used in this study.
- method of preparation of S9 mix : The S9-mix was prepared before use using sterilized co-factors and maintained on ice for the duration of the test.
S9: 5.0 mL
1.65 M KCl/0.4 M MgCl2:1.0 mL
0.1 M Glucose-6-phosphate: 2.5 mL
0.1 M NADP: 2.0 mL
0.2 M Sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4): 25.0 mL
Sterile distilled water: 14.5 mL
A 0.5 mL aliquot of S9-mix and 2 mL of molten, trace histidine or tryptophan supplemented, top agar were overlaid onto a sterile Vogel-Bonner Minimal agar plate in order to assess the sterility of the S9-mix. This procedure was repeated, in triplicate, on the day of each experiment.

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Experiment 1
The test item was tested using the following method. The maximum concentration was 5000 µg/plate (the OECD TG 471 maximum recommended dose level). Eight concentrations of the test item (1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate) were assayed in triplicate against each tester strain, using the direct plate incorporation method.

Experiment 2
The dose range used for Experiment 2 was determined by the results of Experiment 1 and was 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate.
Six test item concentrations per bacterial strain were selected in Experiment 2 in order to achieve both four non toxic dose levels and the potential toxicity of the test item following the change in test methodology from plate incorporation to pre-incubation.

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Dimethyl sulphoxide
- Batch number: 181906
- Purity: 99.9%
- Expiry date: June 2023
-Supplier: ThermoFisher Scientific
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The test item was immiscible in sterile distilled water at 50 mg/mL but was fully miscible in dimethyl sulphoxide at the same concentration in solubility checks performed in house. Dimethyl sulphoxide was therefore selected as the vehicle.

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

9-aminoacridine

N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine

benzo(a)pyrene

other: 2-Aminoanthracene (2AA)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

Test Item Preparation and Analysis
The test item was accurately weighed and, on the day of each experiment, approximate half-log dilutions prepared in pre-dried dimethyl sulphoxide by mixing on a vortex mixer. Formulated concentrations were adjusted to allow for the stated water/impurity content (5.85%) of the test item.
All formulations were used within four hours of preparation and were assumed to be stable for this period. Analysis for concentration, homogeneity and stability of the test item formulations is not a requirement of the test guidelines and was, therefore, not determined.

Experiment 1
Without Metabolic Activation
A 0.1 mL aliquot of the appropriate concentration of test item, solvent vehicle or 0.1 mL of the appropriate positive control was added together with 0.1 mL of the bacterial strain culture, 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer and 2 mL of molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media. These were then mixed and overlayed onto a Vogel Bonner agar plate. Negative (untreated) controls were also performed on the same day as the mutation test. Each concentration of the test item, appropriate positive, vehicle and negative controls, and each bacterial strain, was assayed using triplicate plates.

With Metabolic Activation
The procedure was the same as described previously (Without Metabolic Activation) except that following the addition of the test item formulation and bacterial culture, 0.5 mL of S9 mix was added to the molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media instead of phosphate buffer.

Incubation and Scoring
All of the plates were incubated at 37 ± 3°C for between 48 and 72 hours and scored for the presence of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system. The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity).

Experiment 2
Without Metabolic Activation
A 0.1 mL aliquot of the appropriate bacterial strain culture, 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer and 0.1 mL of the appropriate concentration of test item formulation, solvent vehicle or 0.1 mL of appropriate positive control were incubated at 37 ± 3 °C for 20 minutes (with shaking) prior to addition of 2 mL of molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media and subsequent plating onto Vogel Bonner plates. Negative (untreated) controls were also performed on the same day as the mutation test employing the plate incorporation method. All testing for this experiment was performed in triplicate.

With Metabolic Activation
The procedure was the same as described previously (Without Metabolic Activation) except that following the addition of the test item formulation and bacterial strain culture, 0.5 mL of S9 mix was added to the tube instead of phosphate buffer, prior to incubation at 37 ± 3 °C for 20 minutes (with shaking) and addition of molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media. All testing for this experiment was performed in triplicate.

Incubation and Scoring
All of the plates were incubated at 37 ± 3 °C for between 48 and 72 hours and scored for the presence of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system. The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity).

Evaluation criteria:

There are several criteria for determining a positive result. Any, one, or all of the following can be used to determine the overall result of the study:
1. A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres and Shelby, 1979).
2. A reproducible increase at one or more concentrations.
3. Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges.
4. A fold increase greater than two times the concurrent solvent control for TA100, TA98 and WP2uvrA or a three-fold increase for TA1535 and TA1537 (especially if accompanied by an out of historical range response (Cariello and Piegorsch, 1996)).

5. Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al., 1989).

A test item will be considered non-mutagenic (negative) in the test system if the above criteria are not met.
Although most experiments will give clear positive or negative results, in some instances the data generated will prohibit making a definite judgment about test item activity. Results of this type will be reported as equivocal.

Statistics:

Statistical significance was confirmed by using Dunnetts Regression Analysis (* = p < 0.05) for those values that indicate statistically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies compared to the concurrent solvent control. Values that are statistically significant but are within the in-house historical vehicle/untreated control range are not reported.

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Conclusions:

In this Reverse Mutation Assay ‘Ames Test’ using strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli (OECD TG 471) the test item Jasminlactone did not induce an increase in the frequency of revertant colonies at any of the dose levels used either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix). Under the conditions of this test Jasminlactone was considered to be non-mutagenic.

Executive summary:

Introduction

A Bacterial reverse mutation test was conducted to examine the potential for Jasminlactone to cause gene mutation. The study was designed to be compatible with the OECD test guideline 471, EC method B13/14 and US EPA Guideline OPPTS 870.5100 and in compliance with GLP.

 

Methods

Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA were treated with the test item using both the Ames plate incorporation and pre-incubation methods at up to eight dose levels, in triplicate, both with and without the addition of a rat liver homogenate metabolizing system. The dose range for Experiment 1 (plate incorporation) was based on OECD TG 471 and was 1.5 to 5000 mg/plate. 

Results

The vehicle (dimethyl sulphoxide) control plates gave counts of revertant colonies within the normal range. All the positive control chemicals used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with and without metabolic activation. Thus, the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the S9-mix were validated.

There was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9-mix), in the first mutation test (plate incorporation method/ Experiment 1).

Based on the results of Experiment 1, the same maximum dose level was employed in the second mutation test (pre-incubation method). Results from the second mutation test showed that the test item induced a toxic response employing the pre-incubation modification with weakened bacterial background lawns noted at 5000 µg/plate for all the tester strains dosed in the absence of metabolic activation (S9-mix). In the presence of metabolic activation (S9-mix), weakened bacterial background lawns were noted to all the Salmonella strains at 5000 µg/plate. No toxicity was noted to Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA at any test item dose level in the presence of metabolic activation (S9-mix). The sensitivity of the bacterial tester strains to the toxicity of the test item varied slightly between strain type, exposures with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix) and experimental methodology. 

No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9-mix) in Experiments 1 and 2.

There were no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix) in Experiment 1 (plate incorporation method). 

Similarly, no biologically relevant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix) in Experiment 2 (pre‑incubation method). One statistically significant value was noted (TA98 at 1500µg/plate in the presence of metabolic activation (S9-mix); not identified as statistically significant, as per the requirements of the Study Plan). This response was within the in-house historical vehicle/untreated control range for the strain and was, therefore considered of no biological relevance.

 

Conclusion

Jasminlactone was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of this test.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (negative)

Genetic toxicity in vivo

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

A Bacterial reverse mutation test was conducted to examine the potential for Jasminlactone to cause gene mutation. The study was conducted according Japanese Regulatory Authorities including METI, MHLW and MAFF, OECD test guideline 471, EC Method B13/14, the ICH S2(R1) guideline and the USA, EPA OCSPP harmonized guideline 870.5100, and in compliance with GLP.

 

The strains of Salmonella Typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA98, and TA100) and Escherichia Coli WP2uvrA were exposed to Jasminlactone as a solution in Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) using the Ames plate incorporation and pre-incubation methods at up to eight dose levels, in triplicate in both the presence and absence of metabolic activation. The eight concentrations of Jasminlactone in the Plate Incorporation Method were 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000µg/plate, whereas the concentrations of Pre-Incubation Method were 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000µg/plate and were based on the results of Plate Incorporation Method test.

 

No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of metabolic activation in either of the experiments.

 

In Plate Incorporation Method there was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. In Pre-Incubation Method Jasminlactone induced a toxic response and weakened bacterial background lawns were noted at 5000 µg/plate for all of the tester strains dosed in the absence of metabolic activation. In the presence of metabolic activation, weakened bacterial background lawns were noted to all of the Salmonella strains at 5000 µg/plate. No toxicity was noted to Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA at any test item dose level in the presence of metabolic activation.

 

In both of the tests methods there were no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation . 

 

In the Reverse Mutation Assay using strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli Jasminlactone did not induce an increase in the frequency of revertant colonies at any of the dose levels used either with or without metabolic activation. Under the conditions of the test Jasminlactone was considered to be non-mutagenic.

 

 

 

Justification for classification or non-classification

In the Reverse Mutation Assay using strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli Jasminlactone did not induce an increase in the frequency of revertant colonies at any of the dose levels used either with or without metabolic activation. Under the conditions of the test Jasminlactone was considered to be non-mutagenic.