Di(tetraethylammonium)hexahydroxoplatinate(IV)

Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

GLP-status unknown, adequate for assessment, published in peer-reviewed literature

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Impact of platinum group elements on the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus

Author:

Havelkova. B et al.

Year:

2014

Bibliographic source:

Neuroendocrinology Letters 35 (2) 101–108

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 220 (Enchytraeid Reproduction Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

The test duration was reduced to 28 days, because of the smaller size and shorter reproductive cycle of E. crypticus

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Tetrachloroplatinum

Cas Number:

13454-96-1

Molecular formula:

PtCl4

IUPAC Name:

Tetrachloroplatinum

Specific details on test material used for the study:

TEST MATERIAL: Sigma-Aldrich PtCl4, purity 99.99 %

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test substrate

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

- Method of mixing into soil (if used): The soil was contaminated by 0.084225 g test item dissolved in 250 mL deionised water to achieve soil moisture equal to 50 % of maximum water holding capacity.
- Controls: treatment without the test item

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Enchytraeus crypticus

Animal group:

annelids

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Source: cultures from the Ecotoxicological laboratory of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
- Age of test organisms: The worms used in the test were adult with eggs in the clitellum region and they were of approximately of the same size
- Feeding: Finely ground rolled oats. Additional food and water were added weekly, as necessary

Study design

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

artificial soil

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

28 d

Test conditions

Test temperature:

20 ± 2 °C

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Amount of soil or substrate: 20 g per test vessel
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 5
- No. of replicates per control: 5

SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Soil texture
- % sand: 70
- % peat: 10 - finely ground Sphagnum peat
- % kaolin clay: 20
- pH: 6.0 ± 0.5
- Interval of measurements: pH and moisture were measured at the beginning and at the end of the test using an extra replicate without organisms

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light and 8 hours dark

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality was measured at the beginning and at the end of the test. the number of juveniles produced was also recorded throughout the test.

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: ranged from 1.25 to 2
- Range finding study: yes

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 μmol test item/L

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Boric acid

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

161.9 other: μmol/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

93.75 other: μmol/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Pt

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

54.54 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

31.58 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Pt

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Effect concentrations 5

Key result

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

300 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Remarks on result:

other: EC10 value calculated based on reported results using TRAP v1.30a

Effect concentrations 6

Key result

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

695 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Remarks on result:

other: EC50 value calculated based on reported results using TRAP v1.30a

Details on results:

- No significant effect on mortality was found after 28 days of exposure to the test item.
- All Coefficient Variation (CV) values were less than 32 % for each test item concentration.
- Mean adult survival rates ranged from 8 to 10 out of 10 enchytraeids per vessel.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- The 28-d EC50 of boric acid was found to be 156.2 mg/kg.
- In the control, adult survival was 100 %, the average number of juveniles per vessel was 199.6 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 6 % in juveniles.
- in the treatment, the vaerage number of juveniles per vessel ranged from 58.6 to 139.2 and all CV values were less than 21 % for each concentration of boric acid. The inhibition of reproduction ranged from 30 to 71 %. Mean adult survival rates ranged from 6 to 10 out of 10 animals per test vessel.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Levene's method was used to test for the homogeneity of variances. Non-homogenous parameters were log-transformed prior to analysis and compared with the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. All tests were considered statistically significant and highly significant when resulting in values of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Calculation EC10&EC50 (in mg/kg(dw))

Enchytraeus sp
	conc (µmol/L) as PtCl4	n° juveniles	repr inhib
	control	130
	50	130	0
	100	105	19
	150	69.2	47
	200	57.2	56
	250	30.4	77
reported	28d EC50	161.9 µmol/L
recalculated	EC10	71.4
	EC50	165.3

		PtCl4 (휇mol/L)	Pt (휇mol/L)	Pt (휇g/L)	Pt (mg/L)	Pt (mg/kg ww)	Pt (mg/kg dw)
EC10		71.4	41.3	8065.6	8.1	265.7	300.2
EC50		165.3	95.7	18672.8	18.7	615.1	695.1
		MW PtCl4	336.89	1.726933
		MW Pt	195
		Kd soil	37.2	L/kg
		Ksoil-water	56	m3/m3
		RHOsolid	1700	kg/m3
		Dry weight conversion	1.13

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 28-d EC50 of platinum(IV) chloride for inhibition of the reproduction tof Enchytraeus crypticus was determined to be 161.9 μmol test item/L. Recalculation of effects concentration using TRAP v1.30a gave EC10 and EC50 values of 71.4 and 165.3 µmol Pt/L, respectively, corresponding to 300 and 695 mg Pt/kg(dw), respectively.

Executive summary:

The chronic toxicity of platinum (as platinum (IV) chloride) to the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus was assessed in a publication (Havelkova et al. 2014). The study is reliable with acceptable restrictions, with an unknown GLP status, but adequate for assessment. The test guideline OECD 220 was followed.

A laboratory test of 28 days with artificial soil was carried out to determine the effects of platinum on the reproduction of E. crypticus. Five nominal concentrations of the test item were tested, alongside a negative control and a reference control. No significant effect on mortality was found. The 28-d EC50 of platinum(IV) chloride for inhibition of the reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus was determined to be 161.9 μmol test item/L (93.75 μmol Pt/L). Recalculation of effects concentration using TRAP v1.30a gave EC10 and EC50 values of 71.4 and 165.3 µmol Pt/L, respectively, corresponding to 300 and 695 mg Pt/kg(dw), respectively.