(S)-2-chloropropionic acid

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

21st -23rd October 192

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The study was conducted to GLP and according to EU Method C2.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1992

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

(S)-2-chloropropionic acid

EC Number:

411-150-5

EC Name:

(S)-2-chloropropionic acid

Cas Number:

29617-66-1

Molecular formula:

Hill formula: C3H5ClO2 CAS formula: C3H5ClO2

IUPAC Name:

(2S)-2-chloropropanoic acid

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): L-2-Chloropropionic acid assigned the reference W717 and referred to as such in the study report.
- Physical state: Liquid
- Analytical purity: 90.4%
- Purity test date: 30th April 1992
- Lot/batch No.: Bx 0071, ADH05138
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: Not specified
- Stability under test conditions: Not specified
- Storage condition of test material: Ambient temperature in original container.

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: 0mg/L (control), 180mg/L
- Sampling method: Excess test solution was analysed at the start of the test and the 'A' replicates of the control and 180mg/L solution at the end of the test.

Test solutions

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: 180mg/L of test substance prepared in the dilution water medium.
- Controls: blank dilution water medium
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): N/A

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain: Straus
- Source: Continuous laboratory cultures at Imperial Chemical Industries PLC.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): <24 hours
- Feeding during test: Not fed during the course of the test.

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: <24 hours
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): water medium identical to test dilution water, temperatue 20+/-1oC, photoperiod 16 hours light, 8 hours dark, 15 minutes transistion period.
- Type and amount of food: Chlorella vulgaris and Frippak (commercially available micro-encapsulated diet).
- Feeding frequency: Not specified
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Not specified

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

Observed at 24 hours

Test conditions

Hardness:

Calculated as CaCO3: 175mg/L

Test temperature:

Measured at 0, 24 and 48 hours, the temperature of the test solutions was 20.6, 20.5 and 20.5 degrees C respectively.

pH:

The pH of the dilution water was measured at pH 8.4. The test solutions were in the range pH 7.23 to 8.19.

Dissolved oxygen:

Dissolved oxygen in the test solutions ranged from 9.0 to 9.2 mg/L.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

The concentration of the test solution was measured to be 180 mg/L L-2-chloropropionic acid.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Borosilicate glass beakers
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Fill volume 200mls
- Aeration: Dilution water medium was aerated > 2 hours prior to use but not throughout the test.
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Not performed
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dilution water prepared by the addition of the following reagents to glass-distilled water.
NaHCO3: 192mg/L
CaSO4.2H2O: 120 mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O: 245mg/L
KCl: 8mg/L
- Total organic carbon: Not reported
- Particulate matter: Not reported
- Metals: Not reported
- Alkalinity: 112 mg/L
- Ca/mg ratio:
- Conductivity: 561 micro Siemens /cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: No e
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Start of the study.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: The pH of the test solution was adjusted to pH 7 by the addition of 1M NaOH
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light, 8 hours dark with a 15 minute transition period.
- Light intensity: Not specified

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
Assessments of the daphnia response were made at 24 and 48 hours after the start of the test. Assessments were made by eye, if no body movement relative to the water was observed within a period of 15 seconds then the Daphnia was termed immobile.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: Not performed
- Test concentrations: 0, 180 mg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 180 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 180 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Any other information on results incl. tables

The results obtained at 24 and 48 hours are sumarised in Table 1 .

Table 1.

Time (Hours)	Nominal Concentration (W717) (mg/L)	Number affected per replicate				Total Number Tested	Total Number Affected	% Affected
		A	B	C	D
24	Control	0	0	0	0	20	0	0
	180	0	0	0	0	20	0	0
48	Control	0	0	0	0	20	0	0
	180	0	0	0	0	20	0	0

After 48 hours there was no effect on the mobility of the Daphnia in either the test concentration or the control.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The results from the study show that no effect was observed on the mobility of the Daphnia at 180 mg/L L-2-Chloropropionic acid, therefore it can be concluded that the EC50 is > 180 mg/L.

Executive summary:

A guideline study was performed in accordance with GLP to assess the effect of L-2-chloropropionic acid onDaphnia magna strausat a nominal concentration of 180mg/L.

The study was performed in a static system with the dilution water medium as the control. Four replicates were performed at each concentration, each containing 5 Daphnia. The test systems were adjusted to pH 7 prior to the addition of theDaphnia. The concentration of the test substance in the solution was measured by HPLC in the excess solution prior to the start of the test, in the control and the ‘A’ replicate at the end of the test. Observations relating to the mobility of theDaphniain the test solutions were made after 24 and 48 hours.

After 48 hours, no affect on the mobility of the Daphnia was observed in either the test systems or the control.

It can be concluded that the EC50 for L-2-Chloropropionic acid is >180mg/L.