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EC number: 202-809-6 | CAS number: 100-00-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1987
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in chinese hamster ovary cells: evaluation of 108 chemicals.
- Author:
- Galloway SM, Armstrong MJ, Reuben C, Colman S, Brown B,|Cannon C, Bloom AD, Nakamura F, Ahmed M, Duk S, Rimpo J,|Margolin BH, Resnick MA, Anderson B, Zeiger E
- Year:
- 1 987
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ Mol Mutagen 10 [Suppl.10]: 1-175 (1987)
- Report date:
- 1987
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 993
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene
- EC Number:
- 202-809-6
- EC Name:
- 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene
- Cas Number:
- 100-00-5
- Molecular formula:
- C6H4ClNO2
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene
- Analytical purity: > 99 %
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene
- Analytical purity: > 99 %
Method
- Target gene:
- Not applicable
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: Chinese hamster ovary cells
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9-Mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- - S9: (1) 0, 50, 167, 500 µg/ml, harvest time (ht): 10.5 hrs; (2) 0, 700, 800, 900 µg/ml, ht: 10.6 hrs; (3)0, 500, 600, 700 µg/ml, ht: 19.0 hrs;
+ S9: (4) 0, 50, 167, 500, 5000 µg/ml, ht: 10.5 hrs; (5) 0, 600, 800, 900 µg/ml, ht: 19 hrs - Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- mitomycin C
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- cyclophosphamide
- Statistics:
- statistical procedures according to Galloway et al. (1985) and Margolin et al. (1986)
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- - dose selection based on preliminary growth inhibition test, or based on observations of cell confluence and mitotic cell availability in the SCE test, performed in the same laboratory
- The aberration test without activation gave a high frequency of breaks in two of the three test and at an extremely toxic dose. The evaluation was based on only 33 and 22 metaphases. Positive results were obtained in the second of the two tests with activation by using closely spaced, high doses (19 hours harvest time). Cells with aberrations were up to 31% increased compared to solvent control were observed.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Tabel: Induction of chromosomal aberrations in CHO by 4-chloronitrobenzene
|
-S9 |
|
+S9 |
|||||||||
|
Dose (µ/ml) |
Total Cells |
No. of Abs |
Abs/Cell |
Cells with Abs (%) |
|
Dose (µ/ml) |
Total Cells |
No. of Abs |
Abs/Cell |
Cells with Abs (%) |
|
Trial 1 - Harvest time: 10,5h Summary: Negative
DMSO
Mitomycin-C
4-Chloronitrobenzene |
1
50 167 500 |
100 100
100
100 100 100 |
2 1
22
1 2 0 |
0,02 0,01
0,22
0,01 0,02 0,00 |
2,0 1,0
19,0
1,0 2,0 0,0
P=0,665 |
Trial 1 - Harvest time: 10,5h Summary: Negative
DMSO
Cyclophosphamide
4-Chloronitrobenzene |
25
50 167 500 5000 |
100
100
100 100 100 100 |
4
24
4 5 1 2 |
0,04
0,24
0,04 0,05 0,01 0,02 |
4,0
20,0
4,0 5,0 1,0 2,0
P=0,881 |
|
Trial 2 - Harvest time: 10,6h Summary: Weakly Positive
DMSO
Mitomycin-C
4-Chloronitrobenzene |
1
700 800 900 |
100 100
100
100 100 100 |
2 4
16
1 5 8 |
0,02 0,04
0,16
0,01 0,06 0,24 |
2,0 3,0
16,0
1,0 6,0 24,0
P<0,001 |
Trial 2 - Harvest time: 19h Summary: Positive
DMSO
Cyclophosphamide
4-Chloronitrobenzene |
50
600 800 900 |
100
50
35 100 100 |
0
236
6 38 4 |
0,00
4,72
0,17 0,38 0,04 |
0,0
88,0
17,0 31,0 3,0
P=0,002 |
|
Trial 3 - Harvest time: 19h Summary: Weakly Positive
DMSO
Mitomycon-C
4-Chloronitrobenzene |
1
500 600 700 |
100 100
100
100 50 22 |
1 0
26
0 0 1 |
0,01 0,00
0,26
0,00 0,00 0,05 |
1,0 0,0
21,0
0,0 0,0 5,0
P=0,013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) neg. (2) weak pos. (3) weak pos.
(4) neg. (5) pos.
The aberration test without activation gave a high frequency
of breaks in two of the three tests and at an extremely
toxic dose. The high point was based on only 33 and 22
metaphases.
Positive results were obtained in the second of the two
tests with activation by using closely spaced, high doses.
Cells with aberrations up to 31% increased compared to
solvent control
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results : positive
In conclusion, the test item is considered to be clastogenic in this chromosome aberration test. - Executive summary:
Galloway et al., 1987
p-Chloronitrobenzol was tested in vitro to determine whether it would cause chromosomal aberrations in a mammalian cell line derived form Chinese hamster ovary tissue according to OECD guideline 473. The cells were incubated with different concentrations. With S9 -mix with 0, 50, 167, 500, 5000 µg/ml, ht: 10.5 hrs; (5) 0, 600, 800, 900 µg/ml, ht: 19 hrs and without S9-mix with 0, 50, 167, 500 µg/ml, harvest time (ht): 10.5 hrs; (2) 0, 700, 800, 900 µg/ml, ht: 10.6 hrs; (3) 0, 500, 600, 700 µg/ml, ht: 19.0 hrs.
The aberration test without activation gave a high frequency of breaks in two of the three test and at an extremely toxic dose. The evaluation was based on only 33 and 22 metaphases. Positive results were obtained in the second of the two tests with activation by using closely spaced, high doses (19 hours harvest time). Cells with aberrations were up to 31% increased compared to solvent control were observed.
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