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Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae

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Administrative data

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference
Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Remarks:
lemna species
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
18 November 2016 to 18 January 2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
Principles of method if other than guideline:
pH in controls increased from 6.7 to 9.7-9.9 ( increase in test concentrations of > 1.5)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
- Concentrations: at 0 and 100 mg/L on day 0 and 7 (range finding at 1, 10 and 100 mg/L on day 0, 3 and 7)
- Sampling method: freshly prepared bulk test preparations on day 0 and old pooled samples on day 7
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: frozen
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
directly dissolved in culture medium
Test organisms (species):
Lemna minor
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: duckweed
- Strain: Lemna minor
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Canadian Phycological Culture Centre, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at a temperature of 24 ± 1 ºC under continuous illumination (intensity approximately 7000 lux) during at least 7 days
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): yes (Swedish Standard (SIS) Lemna growth medium)
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
7 d
Test temperature:
24 ± 1 ºC
pH:
on day 0 6.7 at all concentrations
on day 7: >= 8.9 in controls and at 1, 3.2, 10 and 32 mg/L; 8.2-8.3 at 100 mg/L

This increase was considered to be due to the amount of carbon dioxide required by the large number of colonies present exceeding the transfer rate of CO2
from the gaseous phase to the aqueous phase.In this situation CO2 required for photosynthesis and growth would be derived from bicarbonate in solution which results in an increase in the pH of the culture. The increase in pH after 7 Days was in excess of that recommended in the Test Guidelines (1.5 pH units after 7 Days). This was considered to have had no adverse effect on the results of the study given that the control validity criterion was met.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
nominal:
pre-test: 0, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
main test: 0, 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L
measured:
pre-test: on day 0, 3 (old) and 7 (old): 81-105%
main test at 0 and 100 mg/L: on day 0 and 7 (old):
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass conical flasks (500 mL) each containing 250 mL of test preparation
- Aeration: no
- Agitation: no
- Renewal rate of test solution: main study static test (pre-test semistatic with renewal on day 3)
- No. of fronds per colony: 3 colonies (9 fronds)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, Swedish Standard (SIS) Lemna growth medium

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continously
- Light intensity and quality:ca 7000 lux

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Determination of frond number: yes on days 0, 3, 5 and 7
- Determination of biomass: dry weight
- Determination of frond area: no
- Other: frond size, appearance, root length and number of colonies present, calculation of growth rate and yield

RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes (effect on growth (8-10%) at 10 and 100 mg/L)
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
3,5-dichlorophenol
Key result
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Remarks on result:
other: measured concentrations 95-96% of nominal
Key result
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
frond number
Remarks on result:
other: measured concentrations 95-96% of nominal
Key result
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
biomass
Remarks on result:
other: measured concentrations 95-96% of nominal
Key result
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Remarks on result:
other: measured concentrations 95-96% of nominal
Details on results:
- Any visual signs of phytotoxicity (abnormalities): no all fronds appeared green
- Decrease in frond size: none observed
- root size: slightly decreased at 100 mg/L
- doubling time: 1.64 days
Results with reference substance (positive control):
Separate study with dichlorophenol at 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/L gave EC50 values between 3.0 and 3.4 for growth rate and 1.4 and 1.8 mg/L (frond number and dry weight)
Reported statistics and error estimates:
NA

Inhibition of Average Specific Growth Rate and Yield Based on Frond

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)

Average Specific Growth Rate

Yield

 

0 – 7 Day

% Inhibition

0 – 7 Day

% Inhibition

0

0.387±0.021

-

127±19

-

1.0

0.389±0.022

[1]

129± 20

[2]

3.2

0.388±0.014

0

128± 13

[1]

10

0.370±0.027

4

113± 23

11

32

0.376±0.025

3

118± 21

7

100

0.376±0.017

3

117± 16

8

 

Inhibition of Average Specific Growth Rate and Yield Based on dry weight

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)

Average Specific Growth Rate

Yield

 

0 – 7 Day

% Inhibition

0 – 7 Day

% Inhibition

0

0.402±0.037

-

10.4 ± 2.7

-

1.0

0.416± 0.019

[3]

11.4 ± 1.6

[10]

3.2

0.423± 0.009

[5]

12.0 ± 0.8

[15]

10

0.391± 0.027

3

9.5 ± 1.9

9

32

0.416± 0.007

[3]

11.3 ± 0.6

[9]

100

0.400± 0.006

0

10.0 ± 0.5

4

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The EC50 for growth rate for the substance is > 100 mg/L
All EC50 values derived were > 100 mg/L
Executive summary:

Lemna minor was exposed to an aqueous solution of the substance at concentrations of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L (three replicate flasks per concentration) for a period of 7 days, under constant illumination at a temperature of  24 ± 1 °C.  The number of fronds in each control and treatment group was recorded on days 0, 3, 5 and 7 along with observations on plant development. Measured concentrations were 95 -96% of nominal. No effects on yield and growth rate were observed at any of the concentrations tested based on frond count and/or dry weight. The EC50 is > 100 mg/L.

Description of key information

Lemna minor was exposed to an aqueous solution of the substance at concentrations of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L (three replicate flasks per concentration) for a period of 7 days, under constant illumination at a temperature of  24 ± 1 °C.  The number of fronds in each control and treatment group was recorded on days 0, 3, 5 and 7 along with observations on plant development. Measured concentrations were 95 -96% of nominal. No effects on yield and growth rate were observed at any of the concentrations tested based on frond count and/or dry weight. The EC50 is > 100 mg/L.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater plants:
100 mg/L

Additional information