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Administrative data

Description of key information

Skin corrosion: Skin corrosion is not anticipated due to 1) absence of acidic and base functional groups in its chemical structure and 2) absence of eye irritation.

Skin irritation (OECD TG 439): Irritating
Eye irritation (OECD TG 438): Not irritating

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Referenceopen allclose all

Endpoint:
skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
07 February 2017 - 17 March 2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)
Version / remarks:
28 July 2015
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Test system:
human skin model
Source species:
human
Cell type:
other: epidermal keratinocytes
Cell source:
other: SkinEthic Laboratories, Lyon, France.
Source strain:
other: Not applicable.
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on test system:
RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: EPISKIN Small Model, 0.38 cm^2
- Tissue batch number: 17-EKIN-011
- Delivery date: 14 March 2017

TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during incubation: 37 ± 1.5°C

PRE-TEST PROCEDURE:
Assessment of Color Interference with the MTT endpoint:
Prior to the start of the test, the test item’s colour interference potential had to be evaluated. For this purpose the test item (10 μL) was mixed with 90 μL of deionised water in a pre-experiment. The test item/water mixture was gently shaken for 15 minutes at room temperature.
The test item did not dye water and the colour of the test item/water mixture did not change during the incubation period compared with the colour of the pure test item. Therefore, the measurement of the OD of the test item in water at 570 nm was not required and consequently not performed. An additional test with viable tissues (without MTT addition) to determine a correction factor for calculating the true viability in the main experiment did not have to be performed.
Test for Direct MTT Reduction:
For correct interpretation of results it is necessary to assess the ability of the test item to directly reduce MTT. To test for this ability 10 μL of the test item was added to 2 mL of MTT solution (0.3 mg/mL) and the mixture will be incubated in the dark at 37 ± 1.5 °C (5 ± 0.5% CO2) for 3 hours. MTT solution with 10 μL of DMEM was used as the control.
Since the colour did not turn blue/purple, the test item was not considered to be a MTT reducer. An additional test with freeze-killed tissues to determine a correction factor for calculating the true viability in the main experiment did not have to be performed.

PRE-INCUBATION:
Under sterile conditions using sterile forceps, the inserts were transferred into 12-well plates containing the pre-warmed (37 ± 1.5 °C) maintenance medium. The EpiSkin™ tissues were incubated for about 22.5 hours.

TREATMENT:
The negative control, positive control and the test item were added into the inserts atop the concerning EpiSkin™ triplicate tissues. The 12-well plates were treated for 15 minutes.
After the end of the treatment interval the inserts were immediately removed from the 12-well plate. The tissues were gently rinsed with PBS to remove any residual test material. Excess PBS was removed by gently shaking the inserts and blotting the bottom with blotting paper. The inserts were placed in the plates with 2 mL maintenance medium. The tissues were incubated for approximately 42.5 hours at 37 ± 1.5 °C, 5 ± 0.5% CO2.

MTT ASSAY:
A 12-well plate was filled with 2 mL assay medium containing 0.3 mg/mL MTT per well.
After the treatment procedure was completed for all tissues the cell culture inserts were transferred from the holding plates to the MTT-plates. After a 3 hour incubation period (37 ± 1.5 °C, 5 ± 0.5% CO2) MTT solution was aspirated from the wells and the wells were rinsed three times with PBS. Tissue samples were cut out of the inserts with a biopsy punch and transferred into plastic vials.
The tissue samples were immersed into extractant solution by gently pipetting 0.5 mL extractant solution (isopropanol containing 0.04 N HCl) into each vial. The tissue samples were completely covered by isopropanol. The vials were sealed to inhibit isopropanol evaporation. The formazan salt was extracted for nearly 3.5 hours while shaking at room temperature.
Per tissue sample 2 x 200 μL aliquots of the formazan blue solution were transferred into a 96-well flat bottom microtiter plate. OD was read in a microplate reader (Versamax® Molecular Devices, 85737 Ismaning, Germany, version 4.7.1) with 570 nm filter. Mean values were calculated from the 2 wells per tissue sample.

DECISION CRITERIA:
For the current test, a test item is considered irritant if the mean relative tissue viability of three individual tissues is reduced to <= 50% of the negative control.
For the current test, a test item is considered non-irritant if the mean relative tissue viability of three individual tissues is > 50% of the negative control.
Control samples:
yes, concurrent negative control
yes, concurrent positive control
Amount/concentration applied:
Test material:
- Applied volume: 10 μL
Duration of treatment / exposure:
15-Minute exposure period.
Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
Approximately 42.5 hours post-exposure incubation period.
Number of replicates:
A total of 9 tissues were used: Triplicate tissues were treated with: test substance, positive control or negative control.
Irritation / corrosion parameter:
other: mean relative viability (%)
Value:
6.4
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: The mean relative tissue viability compared to the negative control tissues (100%).
Other effects / acceptance of results:
Colour interference and Direct MTT Reduction:
The optical pre-experiment (colour interference pre-experiment) to investigate the test item’s colour change potential in water did not lead to a change in colour.
Optical evaluation of the MTT-reducing capacity of the test item after 3 hour incubation with MTT-reagent did not show blue colour.

Test item:
The mean relative absorbance value of the test item, corresponding to the cell viability, was reduced to 6.4% (threshold for irritancy: ≤ 50%), consequently the test item was irritant to skin.

Quality Criteria:
After treatment with the negative control the absorbance values (OD 0.760 - 0.888) were well within the required acceptability criterion of mean OD ≥ 0.6 till ≤ 1.5 for the 15 minutes treatment interval thus showing the quality of the tissues.
Treatment with the positive control induced a decrease in the relative absorbance as compared to the negative control to 3.9% (criterion: ≤ 40%) thus ensuring the validity of the test system.
The rel. standard deviations between the % variability values of the test item, the positive and negative controls were below 9% (criterion: ≤ 18%), thus ensuring the validity of the study.

Mean Absorbance (OD570) Values and Percentage Viabilities for the Negative Control Item, Positive Control Item and Test Item:

Dose Group

Absorbance 570 nm
Tissue 1**

Absorbance 570 nm
Tissue 2**

Absorbance 570 nm
Tissue 3**

Mean Absorbance of 3 Tissues

Relative Absorbance [%] Tissue 1, 2 + 3***

Standard Deviation

Relative Standard Deviation [%]

Rel. Absorbance

[% of Negative Control]****

Negative Control

0.792

0.760

0.888

0.813

97.4
93.4
109.2

8.2

8.2

100.0*

Positive Control

0.032

0.034

0.029

0.032

3.9
4.2
3.6

0.3

7.6

3.9

Test Item

0.054

0.052

0.051

0.052

6.7
6.4
6.2

0.2

3.6

6.4

* = The mean viability of the negative control tissues is set at 100%

** = Mean of two replicate wells after blank correction

*** = Relative absorbance per tissue: 100 x (absorbance tissue / mean absorbance negative control)

**** = Relative absorbance per treatment group: 100 x (mean absorbance test item / mean absorbance negative control)

Since the results derived from the MTT assay were not unclear or borderline, the IL-1 α concentration in the medium was not determined.

Interpretation of results:
other: Skin irritant, Category 2
Remarks:
According to EU CLP Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and its amendments.
Conclusions:
After treatment with the test item the mean relative tissue viability decreased to 6.4%. Since this value is below the threshold for irritancy of ≤ 50% the substance is considered to be irritant to skin.
Executive summary:

The possible skin irritation potential of the substance was tested in vitro, in compliance with OECD TG 439 and GLP principles. Each three tissues of the human skin model EpiSkin™ were treated by topical application of 10 μL of the undiluted test item, the negative control (deionised water), or the positive control (5% sodium lauryl sulfate) for 15 minutes. After approximately 42.5 hours post-exposure incubation period, determination of the cell viability was performed. Cell viability is measured by dehydrogenase conversion of MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide], in cell mitochondria, into a blue formazan salt that is quantitatively measured after extraction from tissues. The percent reduction of cell viability in comparison with untreated negative controls is used to predict skin irritation potential. After treatment with the test item the mean relative tissue viability decreased to 6.4%. This value is below the threshold for irritancy of <= 50%. Therefore, the test item is considered to be a skin irritant. After treatment with the negative control the absorbance values were well within the required acceptability criterion of mean OD >= 0.6 till <= 1.5 (actual values 0.760 – 0.888), the mean relative tissue viability of the positive control was <= 40% (3.9%) and the rel. standard deviations in between tissues of the same treatment group were <= 18% (< 9%), indicating that the test system functioned properly.

Endpoint:
skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
Data waiving:
study scientifically not necessary / other information available
Justification for data waiving:
other:
Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
adverse effect observed (irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
05-12-2016 to 25-01-2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 438 (Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
Version / remarks:
adopted on 26 July 2013
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Remarks:
Triskelion B.V., Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AV, Zeist
Species:
other: Eyes of male or female chickens (ROSS, spring chickens)
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: Slaughterhouse v.d. Bor, Nijkerkerveen, The Netherlands
- Characteristics of donor animals: Approximately 7 weeks old, male or female chickens, body weight range approximately 1.5-2.5 kg, were used as eye donors.
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue: Heads of the animals were cut off immediately after sedation of the animals by electric shock and incision of the neck for bleeding, and before they reached the next station on the process line. The heads were placed in small plastic boxes on a bedding of paper tissues moistened with isotonic saline. Next, they were transported to the testing facility. During transportation, the heads were kept at ambient temperature.
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: Within 2 hours after kill, eyes were carefully dissected and placed in a superfusion apparatus.
- Indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples: No
- Indication of any antibiotics used: No
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on study design:
SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF ISOLATED EYES
Within 2 hours after kill, eyes were carefully dissected and placed in a superfusion apparatus using the following procedure: First the eye-lids were carefully removed without damaging the cornea and a small drop of Fluorescein sodium 2.0% w/v was applied to the corneal surface for a few seconds and subsequently rinsed off with isotonic saline at ambient temperature. Next, the head with the fluorescein-treated cornea was examined with a slit-lamp microscope (Slit-lamp 900 BP, Haag-Streit AG, Liebefeld-Bern, Switzerland) to ensure that the cornea was not damaged. If undamaged (e.g., fluorescein retention and corneal opacity scores of ≤ 0.5), the eye was further dissected from the head without damaging the eye or cornea. Care was taken to remove the eye-ball from the orbit without cutting off the optical nerve too short. The enucleated eye was placed in a stainless steel clamp with the cornea positioned vertically and transferred to a chamber of the superfusion apparatus. The clamp holding the eye was positioned in such a way that the entire cornea was supplied with isotonic saline from a bent, stainless steel tube, at a target rate of 0.10-0.15 mL/min. The chambers of the superfusion apparatus as well as the saline were temperature controlled at approximately 32 °C (water pump set at 36.4 °C). After placing in the superfusion apparatus, the eyes were examined again with the slit-lamp microscope to ensure that they were not damaged. Corneal thickness was measured using the Depth Measuring Attachment No. I for the Haag-Streit slit-lamp microscope, set at 0.095 mm. Corneal thickness was expressed in instrument units. An accurate measurement was taken at the corneal apex of each eye. Eyes with a corneal thickness deviating more than 10% of the average corneal thickness of the eyes, eyes showing opacity (score higher than 0.5), or were unacceptably stained with fluorescein (score higher than 0.5) indicating the cornea to be permeable, or eyes that showed any other signs of damage, were rejected as test eyes and replaced.

EQUILIBRATION AND BASELINE RECORDINGS
Each eye provided its own baseline values for corneal swelling, corneal opacity and fluorescein retention. For that purpose, after an equilibration period of 45-60 minutes, the corneal thickness of the eyes was measured again to determine the zero reference value for corneal swelling calculations.

NUMBER OF REPLICATES
Negative control: 1
Positive control: 3
Test group: 3

NEGATIVE CONTROL USED
Physiological saline

POSITIVE CONTROL USED
Benzalkonium Chloride 5%

APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME
30 μL for 10 seconds

OBSERVATION PERIOD
240 minutes

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Volume and washing procedure after exposure period: 20 mL saline. After rinsing, each eye in the holder was returned to its chamber.
- Indicate any deviation from test procedure in the Guideline: none

METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: Slit-lamp microscope examination
- Damage to epithelium based on fluorescein retention: Slit-lamp microscope examination
- Swelling: measured with optical pachymeter on a slit-lamp microscope; slit-width setting: set at 0.095 mm
- Others: After the final examination, the test substance treated eyes, the negative and positive control eyes were preserved in a neutral aqueous phosphate-buffered 4% solution of formaldehyde. The corneas were embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned at ca 4 μm and stained with PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff). The microscopic slides were subjected to histopathological examination.

SCORING SYSTEM:
Defined scoring scales were used for each parameter to define the severity of effects into four categories (I-IV).
- Mean corneal swelling (%): According to OECD 438 guideline. Examination of the eyes after 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes
- Mean maximum opacity score: According to OECD 438 guideline. Examination of the eyes after 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes
- Mean fluorescein retention score at 30 minutes post-treatment: According to OECD 438 guideline.

DECISION CRITERIA: According to OECD 438 guideline
Irritation parameter:
percent corneal swelling
Run / experiment:
slit-lamp examination
Value:
1
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: maximum mean values
Irritation parameter:
cornea opacity score
Run / experiment:
slit-lamp examination
Value:
0.2
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: maximum mean values
Irritation parameter:
fluorescein retention score
Run / experiment:
slit-lamp examination
Value:
0
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Other effects / acceptance of results:
Slit-lamp examination: The test substance caused no or very slight corneal swelling (mean of 1%) and no or very slight opacity (mean of 0.2). The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the tests were adequate. The positive control BAC 5% caused severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants.

Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the positive control BAC 5% revealed severe erosion and slight vacuolation of the epithelium, the epithelium partly detached from the basement membrane (two corneas), and endothelial necrosis (two corneas).
Interpretation of results:
other: Not an eye irritant.
Remarks:
According to EU CLP Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and its amendments.
Conclusions:
Under the test conditions (OECD 438 and GLP) the test substance is not considered to be an eye irritant.
Executive summary:

In accordance to OECD guideline 438 and GLP, the test substance was examined for its in vitro eye irritating potential using the Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) Test. In the ICE test, 3 eyes were exposed to 30 µL test substance for 10 seconds. In addition, one negative control eye (30 µL saline) and three positive control eyes (30 µL Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)) were tested. After the exposure the eyes were rinsed with 20 mL saline and were examined at approximately 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after treatment. The test substance caused no or very slight corneal swelling (mean of 1%) and no or very slight opacity (mean of 0.2). The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the tests were adequate. The positive control BAC 5% caused severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the positive control BAC 5% revealed severe erosion and slight vacuolation of the epithelium, the epithelium partly detached from the basement membrane (two corneas), and endothelial necrosis (two corneas). Based on these results, the test substance is considered to be not eye irritating.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Additional information

Skin corrosion:

Skin corrosion is not anticipated due to 1) absence of acidic and base functional groups in its chemical structure and 2) absence of eye irritation.

In vitro skin irritation test:

The possible skin irritation potential of the substance was tested in vitro, in compliance with OECD TG 439 and GLP principles. Each three tissues of the human skin model EpiSkin™ were treated by topical application of 10 μL of the undiluted test item, the negative control (deionised water), or the positive control (5% sodium lauryl sulfate) for 15 minutes. After approximately 42.5 hours post-exposure incubation period, determination of the cell viability was performed. Cell viability is measured by dehydrogenase conversion of MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide], in cell mitochondria, into a blue formazan salt that is quantitatively measured after extraction from tissues. The percent reduction of cell viability in comparison with untreated negative controls is used to predict skin irritation potential. After treatment with the test item the mean relative tissue viability decreased to 6.4%. This value is below the threshold for irritancy of <= 50%. Therefore, the test item is considered to be a skin irritant. After treatment with the negative control the absorbance values were well within the required acceptability criterion of mean OD >= 0.6 till <= 1.5 (actual values 0.760 – 0.888), the mean relative tissue viability of the positive control was <= 40% (3.9%) and the rel. standard deviations in between tissues of the same treatment group were <= 18% (< 9%), indicating that the test system functioned properly.

 

In vitro eye irritation:

In accordance to OECD guideline 438 and GLP, the test substance was examined for its in vitro eye irritating potential using the Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) Test. In the ICE test, 3 eyes were exposed to 30 µL test substance for 10 seconds. In addition, one negative control eye (30 µL saline) and three positive control eyes (30 µL Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)) were tested. After the exposure the eyes were rinsed with 20 mL saline and were examined at approximately 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after treatment. The test substance caused no or very slight corneal swelling (mean of 1%) and no or very slight opacity (mean of 0.2). The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the tests were adequate. The positive control BAC 5% caused severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the positive control BAC 5% revealed severe erosion and slight vacuolation of the epithelium, the epithelium partly detached from the basement membrane (two corneas), and endothelial necrosis (two corneas). Based on these results, the test substance is considered to be not eye irritating.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the results, the substance needs to be classified for skin irritation category 2 and labelled with H315: Causes skin irritation according to EU CLP Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and its amendments.

Based on the results, the substance does not need to be classified for eye irritation.