2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1989-03-08 to 1989-04-07

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Version / remarks:

84/449/EWG, 1984-04-25

Deviations:

not specified

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Version / remarks:

1984-04-04

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: 10 and 22 mg/L
- Sampling method: Samples were taken at the beginning, after 48 and 96 h of the study. Ca. 100 mL samples were collected using a glasbottle from the middle of the exposure tank.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: not specified

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

dilution water

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
The test item was dissolved in dilution water using Ultra-Turrax and ultrasonic bath. Afterwards the solution was introduced into the study tank with continuous stirring for ca. 2 h. In the tank with a test item concentration of 22 mg/L precipitation was observed at the tank bottom.

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: zebrafish
- Strain: not specified
- Source: West Aquarium, Bad Lauterberg, Germany
- Age at study initiation: ca. 3 months
- Length at study initiation: 3.0 +/- 0.3 cm, 2.5-3.5 cm
- Weight at study initiation: not specified
- Method of breeding: Fish were obtained ca. 2 months after hatching from breeder.
- Maintenance of the brood fish: Fish were maintained in dilution water at 22 +/- 1 °C with >= 80 % oxygen saturation. Fish were feed twice per day ad libitum (Tetra Min, Tetra Werke, Melle, Germany). Light was available 12 h per day and <= 1 g fish per liter water was ensured.

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 14 days
- Acclimation conditions: same as test, but animals were feed and number of animals was based on g/L (see above)
- Type and amount of food during acclimation: see above
- Feeding frequency during acclimation: 2/day
- Health during acclimation: not specified

FEEDING DURING TEST: no

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

no

Hardness:

not specified

Test temperature:

22 +/- 1 °C

pH:

dilution water before test: 8.0 - 8.2
during test:
control: starting at 8.2, decrease to 7.6 - 7.8 after 96 h
5 mg/L: starting at 8.1, decrease to 7.6 after 96 h
10 mg/L: starting at 8.2, decrease to 7.4 after 96 h
22 mg/L: starting at 8.1, decrease to 7.6 after 72 h (not measured after 96 h)

Dissolved oxygen:

All values in mg O2/L
control: starting at 8.2 – 9.5, 7.2 - 7.5 after 96 h, lowest value 7.1 (after 48 or 72 h)
5 mg/L: starting at 8.8, 7.6 after 96 h, lowest value 7.6 (after 24 and 48 h)
10 mg/L: starting at 8.2, 7.3 after 96 h
22 mg/L: starting at 8.8, 7.6 after 72 h (not measured after 96 h), lowest value 6.4 (after 24 h)

Salinity:

not applicable

Conductivity:

not specified

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal: 0, 5, 10 and 22 mg/L
measured: for 10 mg/L: 10.1 mg/L, for 22 mg/L: 20.0 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in 3 steps using each one test item concentration and one control. In the first step 22 mg/L was used, in the second 5 mg/L and in the third 10 mg/L.

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 10 L glass tank
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 30*22*24 cm, headspace not specified, 10 L
- Aeration: Before test dilution water was aerated until oxygen saturation was reached. During the test no aeration was done.
- Type of flow-through: not applicable as static
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): not applicable as static
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): dilution water was used as vehicle, no separate control needed
- Biomass loading rate: not specified

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Preparation according to ISO/DIS 7346/1
- Culture medium different from test medium: no

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 12 h
- Light intensity: ca. 700 Lux

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: After 2-4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h mortality, visible changes in behavior and appearance were checked.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2.2
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: Due to the selected spacing factor and the observed results no further concentrations were tested.
- Range finding study: Preliminary testing was performed but no information was provided.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

14.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

22 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

>= 10 - <= 22 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Other abnormalities: At all tested concentrations impairment of swimming and breathing, and changes in appearance and behavior were observed. Fish that died were discolored (either lighter or darker color), showed red gills and lockjaw.
- Observations on body length and weight: not determined
- Other biological observations: no further observations reported
- Mortality of control: No fish of the control group died.
- Other adverse effects control: Appearance and behavior did not change in the control group.
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Precipitation was observed at 22 mg/L. Analytics showed concentration as detailed above.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Due to the mortality rate a probit analysis was not possible.

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

For subleathal results please refer to "Details on results".

 

Mortality

 

Concentration [mg/L]	Mortality after 48 h		Mortality after 96 h
	absolute	relative [%]	absolute	relative [%]
0	0/30	0	0/30	0
5	0/10	0	0/10	0
10	0/10	0	0/10	0
22	8/10	80	10/10	100

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The LC50 of the test item in zebrafish after 96 h exposure was calculated to be 14.8 mg/L.

Executive summary:

A study according to OECD 203 was conducted to evaluate the potential of the test item to cause acute toxicity in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). The study was conducted in 3 steps using each one test item concentration and one control tank with 10 fish under static conditions. In the first step 22 mg/L was used, in the second 5 mg/L and in the third 10 mg/L. The test item was dissolved in dilution water and at a test item concentration of 22 mg/L precipitation was observed at the bottom of the study tank. For analytical determination of the concentration samples were collected was at the beginning, after 48 and 96 h of the study. HPLC analysis showed mean values of 10.1 mg/L (nominal 10 mg/L) and 20.0 mg/L (nominal 22 mg/L). After 2-4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of the study mortality, visible changes in behavior and appearance were checked. At all tested concentrations impairment of swimming and breathing, and changes in appearance and behavior were observed. No changes were observed in the control group. No mortality was detected until 24 h of exposure. At 22 mg/L 8 of 10 fish died within 48 h and the remaining 2 within 72 h. In the control and the other concentration groups no mortality was observed. Fish that died were discolored (either lighter or darker color), showed red gills and lockjaw. The LC50 of the test item in zebrafish after 96 h exposure was calculated to be 14.8 mg/L, the LC100 was 22 mg/L and the LC0 was 10 mg/L.

Description of key information

The LC50 of the test item in zebrafish after 96 h exposure was calculated to be 14.8 mg/L.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect concentration:

14.8 mg/L

Additional information

A study according to OECD 203 was conducted to evaluate the potential of the test item to cause acute toxicity in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). The study was conducted in 3 steps using each one test item concentration and one control tank with 10 fish under static conditions. In the first step 22 mg/L was used, in the second 5 mg/L and in the third 10 mg/L. The test item was dissolved in dilution water and at a test item concentration of 22 mg/L precipitation was observed at the bottom of the study tank. For analytical determination of the concentration samples were collected was at the beginning, after 48 and 96 h of the study. HPLC analysis showed mean values of 10.1 mg/L (nominal 10 mg/L) and 20.0 mg/L (nominal 22 mg/L). After 2-4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of the study mortality, visible changes in behavior and appearance were checked. At all tested concentrations impairment of swimming and breathing, and changes in appearance and behavior were observed. No changes were observed in the control group. No mortality was detected until 24 h of exposure. At 22 mg/L 8 of 10 fish died within 48 h and the remaining 2 within 72 h. In the control and the other concentration groups no mortality was observed. Fish that died were discolored (either lighter or darker color), showed red gills and lockjaw. The LC50 of the test item in zebrafish after 96 h exposure was calculated to be 14.8 mg/L, the LC100 was 22 mg/L and the LC0 was 10 mg/L.