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EC number: 204-371-1 | CAS number: 120-12-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study based on national standards and scientific principles, limited documented, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The photoenhanced toxicity of anthracene to juvenile sunfish (Lepomis spp.)
- Author:
- Oris JT, Giesy JP
- Year:
- 1 985
- Bibliographic source:
- Aquatic Toxicol. 6, 133-146 (1985)
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Photoinduced toxicity of anthracene in aquatic organisms: an environmental perspective.
- Author:
- Oris, J.T.; Giesy, J.P.; Allred, P.M.; Grant, D.F.; Landrum, P.F.
- Year:
- 1 984
- Bibliographic source:
- Stud. Environ. Sci. 25 (Biosphere: Probl. Solutions, ed. Veziroglu TN), 639-658 (1984)
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ASTM Standard Test Method: 1984 Annual Book, Section 11
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- modification due to UV light exposure: 48 h - absence of UV, then 96 h exposure UV + anthracene
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Laboratory test with juvenile fish under different irradiation conditions:
48 h acclimation to the substance in the dark to reach an anthracene body burden of about 80% of theoretical steady state,
followed by continuous UV-B, 310 nm, irradiation at different intensities (14.8-170 µW/cm2) - GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Anthracene
- EC Number:
- 204-371-1
- EC Name:
- Anthracene
- Cas Number:
- 120-12-7
- Molecular formula:
- C14H10
- IUPAC Name:
- anthracene
- Details on test material:
- Anthracene, commercial product (from Sigma, Grade III)
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Coating of a silica sand as carrier with anthracene dissolved in acetone, 24 h evaporation in the dark, filling a column
- Eluate: from elution column filled with coated sand (7.5 x 45 cm glass column)
- Differential loading: no dilution of the saturated eluate (35 µg/L, 22 °C) to desired concentrations
- Controls:
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): no
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis sp.
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: bluegill sunfish
- Strain: wild caught (L. sp.) and L. machrochirus
- Source: natural from Parl Lake, clinton co. Michigan
commercial source - L. machrochirus from Osage Catfisheries/Osage Beach or ByBrook Bass Hatchery/Ashford
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): juvenile
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 2 - 3 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.5 - 1 g
- Method of breeding: none
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: >= 14 d, photoperiod 18 h light / 6 h dark
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Type and amount of food: Biodiet-Starter (BioProducts Inc.)
- Feeding frequency: 2x/d
Study design
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 328 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 22 +-1°C
- pH:
- 8.20 +-0.27
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.15 +-0.24 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass aquarium 18.85 L
- Aeration: supply water yes
- Type: flow-through, no data on the rates
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): no data
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap-water charcoal-filtered
- Alkalinity: 346 mg/L as CaCO3
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: for 48 h starting with 18 h cool-white or gold fluorescent light/6 h dark ("acclimation period" under anthracene exposure),
then shifted to continuous light in 2 h per day increments for 96 h of simulated sunlight
- Light intensity: UV-B (310 +-34 nm) varied from 15 - 165 µW/cm2; UV-A (365 +- 36 nm)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): immobilisation, behaviour, clinical signs, histological examinations
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.78 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- test material
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks:
- (fish from hatchery)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1.94 - 3.92 µg/L; (UV-B = 14.8 µW/cm2)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 26.47 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- test material
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks:
- (wild caught)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 22.62 - 34.48 µg/L; (UV-B = 14.8 µW/cm2)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 18.23 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- test material
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks:
- (wild caught)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 16.14 - 21.11 µg/L; (UV-B = 70 µW/cm2)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 11.92 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- test material
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks:
- (wild caught)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 10.15 - 13.40 µg/L; (UV-B = 170 µW/cm2)
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: yes
- Mortality of control: < 10 % in the presence of simulated sunlight alone
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: depression of opercular ventilation
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no
Any other information on results incl. tables
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
The fish from commercial sources showed an about 10-fold higher sensitivity to anthracene combined with (weak)
simulated sunlight than the fish of natural origin.
Fish exposed to anthracene in the dark, then transferred to clean water under simulated sunlight exhibited signs of toxicity,
but recovered slowly as anthracene was eliminated from the body.
When allowed to depurate accumulated anthracene in the dark, the fish were not adversely affected when subsequently
exposed to simulated slight.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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