Tin sulphide

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2014-03-26 - 2014-04-05

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

No GLP

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Version / remarks:

1992

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Version / remarks:

2008

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 850.1075 (Freshwater and Saltwater Fish Acute Toxicity Test)

Version / remarks:

April 1996

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

The test was performed in China

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: 100 mg/L
- Sampling method: Samples were taken (in duplicate) from each concentration during the Limit Test at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. On each occasion, one sample was analysed after certain pre-treatments; the remaining samples were retained in case further analysis would be required. Pre-treatment method of the sample 40.0 mL collected water samples were divided into two parts, one (unfiltered) was analyzed by ICP-MS; the other was filtered through 0.22 μm millipore membrane (discarding the initial 10mL filtrates), then the filtrates were analysed by ICP-MS.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION

The test solution of Tin Sulfide was prepared by directly adding appropriate amounts of Tin Sulfide in dilution water and then facilitating its dispersion by sonication for 30 min.
In the limit test, WAFs (water accommodated fractions) solutions with a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared by adding appropriate amount of the test substance to the test medium in glass aspirator bottles with appropriate size. The mixing aspirator bottle was stoppered and the aqueous test substance mixture was stirred for 24 hrs on a magnetic stirplate and a telfon stirbar at room temperature (about 23 ~ 25ºC). The vortex height was set at least 10% of the static liquid depth. At the end of the 24 h, stirring was stopped and the test substance was allowed to settle down. The mixture was allowed to settle for 1 hour at room temperature. Then the aqueous portion removed through the outlet of the aspirator stirring bottle was just the WAFs solutions of the test substance.

Test organisms (species):

other: Gobiocypris rarus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM

- Source: Fish supplier of Institute Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 0.266 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD):2.216 g
- Photoperiod: 16 h light / 8 h dark
- Range-Finding test: 5 fishes per treatment
- Limited test: 7 fish per replicate (3 replicates)

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 12 days in tanks with a continuous flow of aerated water
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same, but during test fish were held without food 24 h before test begin
- Type and amount of food: proprietary fish food (Protein > 36%, Fat > 2%, Fibre < 3%, Ash > 12%, Moisture < 10%
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no mortality

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

119 - 122 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

22.1 - 22.6°C

pH:

7.82 - 7.86

Dissolved oxygen:

76 - 79%

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Main study: Nominal 100 mg/L, measured 0.014 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: test tank (dimension: 15 cm length, 15 cm width, 22cm height)
- Fill volume: 3 L test solution was filled in
- Aeration: no, but oxygen concentration was 76- 79% of the air saturation value
- Renewal rate of test solution: no renewal, static test
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7 (main study)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
- Biomass loading rate: about 0.5 to 0.6 g/L

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Good quality tap water which had been dechlorinated for at least 24 hours was used.
- Total organic carbon: 1.91 mg/L
- Particulate matter:
- Metals: All measured concentrations were below the level of concern
- Pesticides: All measured concentrations were below the level of concern
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: daily

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours photoperiod daily
- Light intensity: 1000 to 1500 lux

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Limit test at 100 mg/L
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: no mortality in range-finder
- Range finding study: performed
- Test concentrations: 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No mortality or adverse effects observed

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 0.014 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: No
- Other biological observations: No adverse effects observed
- Mortality of control: no
- Other adverse effects control: no
- Abnormal responses: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: The test was intentionally performed above the limit of water solubility.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: There were no effects observed

Results with reference substance (positive control):

A reference test with K2Cr2O7 (positive control substance) under the same conditions resulted in a 24 h-LC50 of 309 mg/L.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

LC50 and 95% confidence limits would have been calculated with Trimmed Spearman-Karber Method. Because no mortality was observed results were read directly from data and no statistics were performed.

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Table 1 Recovery of Tin Sulfide in Recovery Sample

NominalConcentration (mg/L)		Measured Concentration (mg/L)		RecoveryRate (%)		MeanRecovery rate (%)		RSD (%)
0.005		0.005		100		104		5.96
		0.006		111
		0.005		100
0.02		0.019		95.5		96.5		2.18
		0.019		95.0
		0.020		98.9

 

Table 2 Stability Test Results of Tin Sulfide in Test Medium (Limit Test)

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)

Measured Concentration (mg/L)

0 h

24 h

48 h

72 h

96 h

Mean

Blank control (no filtration)

ND^①

ND

ND

ND

ND

—

100 mg/L WAFs (no filtration)

0.014

0.013

0.015

0.014

0.014

0.014

Blank control (after filtration)

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

—

100 mg/LWAFs (after filtration)

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

—

^①ND: not detected, since below the limit of quantification of 0.001 mg/L.

 

 

Table 3 Mortality during the Range-finding Test

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)		Initial Number of Fish		Number of the Dead Fish
			24 h		48 h		72 h		96 h
0		5		0		0		0		0
1.0		5		0		0		0		0
10.0		5		0		0		0		0
100		5		0		0		0		0

Table 4 Mortality during theLimit Test

Nominal Concentration(mg/L)	Measured Concentration(mg/L)^① (without filtration)	Measured Concentration(mg/L)^① (after filtration)	Initial Number of Fish	The Number of the Dead Fish
				24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
0	ND^②	ND	7	0	0	0	0
			7	0	0	0	0
			7	0	0	0	0
100 mg/L WAFs	0.014	ND	7	0	0	0	0
			7	0	0	0	0
			7	0	0	0	0

①   The average of the measured concentrations at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 h.

② ND: not detected, since below the limit of quantification of 0.001 mg/L.

Table 5 Visual Observations duringthe Limit Test

Nominal Concentration(mg /L)	Measured Concentration(mg/L) (without filtration)	Measured Concentration(mg/L) (after filtration)	Visual Observations
			24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
0	ND^②	ND	NB^①	NB	NB	NB
			NB	NB	NB	NB
			NB	NB	NB	NB
100 mg/L WAFs	0.014	ND	NB	NB	NB	NB
			NB	NB	NB	NB
			NB	NB	NB	NB

①NB—Normal behaviours;

②ND: not detected, since below the limit of quantification of 0.001 mg/L.

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under valid static test conditions the 96 h-LL50 of Tin Sulfide to Gobiocypris rarus is greater than nominal tested concentration of 100 mg/L WAFs (measured concentration 0.014 mg/L).

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of tin sulfide to Rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus was conducted with reference to OECD Guideline 203 (1992). In a range-finding test 5 fish per treatment (no replicates) were exposed to nominal concentrations of 1.0, 10.0 and 100 mg test substance/L WAFs. In the limit test 7 fish per replicate (3 replicate) were tested. After 96 h-test period all fish in control group and treated groups were alive and appeared normal . A reference test with K2Cr2O7 under same conditions resulted in a 24h-LC50 of 309 mg/L. Therefore, validity criteria were fulfilled. In addition, physical criteria during test period were valid. Under valid static test conditions the 96 h -LL50 of tin sulfide to Rare minnow is greater than the nominal tested concentration of 100 mg/L.

Description of key information

Under valid static test conditions the 96 h-LL50 of tin sulfide to Gobiocypris rarus is greater than nominal tested concentration of 100 mg/L WAFs (measured concentration 0.014 mg/L).
No further testing is required because tin sulfide is highly insoluble in water. Therefore, short term aquatic toxicity is unlikely to occur.