4-Nonylphenol, branched, ethoxylated

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short-term toxicity to fish:

The short-term toxicity of 4-Nonylphenol, branched, ethoxylated to Lepomis macrochirus is predicted using QSAR toolbox version. 3.4 (2017), based on the effects observed in a static freshwater system during a 96 hr exposure. The lethal concentration (LC50) for the substance is estimated to be 84.70 mg/L. Based on this value, it can be concluded that the test chemical 4-Nonylphenol, branched, ethoxylated can be considered as toxic to fish at environmentally relevant concentrations and can be classified in aquatic chronic category 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, the short term toxicity on aquatic invertebrates was predicted for Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(4-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxy-, branched (CAS:127087-87-0). EC50 value was estimated to be 23.06 mg/L on the basis of mobility for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration.

Based on this value it can be concluded that the Poly (oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl), alpha-(4-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxy-, branched (CAS: 127087-87-0) can be considered as toxic to aquatic invertebrates at environmentally relevant concentrations and can be classified in aquatic chronic category 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, the short term toxicity on aquatic algae and cyanobacteria was predicted for target substancePolyethylene glycol mono(branched p-nonylphenyl) ether (CAS no. 127087 -87 -0). EC50 value was estimated to be19.5 mg/lforDesmodesmus subspicatusfor 72 h duration. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substancePolyethylene glycol mono(branched p-nonylphenyl) etheris considered to be toxic to aquaticenvironment and can be considered to be classified in aquatic chronic category 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.

Additional information

Short-term toxicity to fish:

For short term fish toxicity endpoint 4 studies for test chemical 4-Nonylphenol, branched, ethoxylated (Cas no. 127087-87-0) with read across chemicals which is 90-80% structurally similar to target were reviewed as follows: 

First study indicate that the short-term toxicity of 4-Nonylphenol, branched, ethoxylated to Lepomis macrochirus is predicted using QSAR toolbox version. 3.4, based on the effects observed in a static freshwater system during a 96 hr exposure. The lethal concentration (LC50) for the substance is estimated to be 84.70 mg/L. Based on this value, it can be concluded that the test chemical 4-Nonylphenol, branched, ethoxylated can be considered as toxic to fish at mentioned concentrations and can be classified in aquatic chronic category 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.

Whereas Experimental data (ECOTOX database;2017) for read across Nonylphenol, ethoxylated (CAS no. 9016-45-9) indicates that short term fish toxicity study on test species Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) was carried out for exposure period of 96 hrs. During the experiment static conditions were maintained with 38 mg/L CaCO3 hardness at 21 Deg.C test temperature and 7.1pH. On the basis of mortality, the lethal concentration (LC50) on fish Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) was observed to be >10 mg/l.

And for the same read across i.e Nonylphenol, ethoxylated (CAS no. 9016-45-9), another short term fish toxicity study was reported ( Kemp, H.T. et.al;Water quality data book Vol. 5.; 1973). The study was carried out on test species Rasbora heteromorpha (Harlequinfish, Red Rasbora) for exposure period of 48 hrs. During the experiment static conditions were maintained with 20 mg/L CaCO3 hardness at 20 Deg. C test temperature and 7.2 pH. On the basis of mortality, the lethal concentration (LC50) on fish Rasbora heteromorpha (Harlequinfish, Red Rasbora) was observed to be 12.5 mg/l.

All above results supported by another study from J-check database (2017) for read across 4-Nonylphenol, ethoxylated (CAS no. 26027-38-3) which indicated that fish toxicity study was conducted for 48 hrs for evaluating the lethal effects of test substance on Oryzias latipes. During experiment, the lethal concentration (LC50) for test substance 4-Nonylphenol, ethoxylated was determined to be 11.6 mg/l.

All experimental read across studies available from authorative aquatic database i.e ECOTOX database and peer reviewed journal give assistance to predicted result of the target chemical.

Thus all above four studies arrive at a conclusion as the test substance 4-Nonylphenol, branched, ethoxylated (Cas no. 127087-87-0) can be considered as toxic to fish and thus classified in aquatic chronic category 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates for Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(4-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxy-, branched (CAS no127087-87-0) was summaries with one estimated data for target and 3 experimental studies with two read across substances.

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, the short term toxicity on aquatic invertebrates was predicted for Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(4-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxy-, branched (CAS:127087-87-0). EC50 value was estimated to be 23.06 mg/L on the basis of mobility for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration.

A study was performed on read across chemical Polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether (NPE 9) (9016-45-9) was reported. (Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 12pp, 176-199, 1992). Short term toxicity study was conducted on Daphnia magna for 48 hrs in static-renewal exposures with daily replacement of fresh surfactant. 250 ml test vessel was used in which 100 ml of test solutions were taken with 5 daphnia in per replicate and 4 replicates concentrations. Mortality and mobility were observed for 48 hrs. After the experimental period of 48 hrs, the EC 50 value for daphnia magna for Polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether (NPE 9) (9016-45-9) was determined to be 14 mg/l based on mortality and mobility effects.

Another read across 4-Nonylphenol, ethoxylated (26027-38-3)(Ecotox database, 2017) for which a short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was performed in Daphnia magna for 48 hr using freshwater in static condition. 5 daphnia magna were used having age of <24 hrs. After experiment, the LC 50 value for 4-Nonylphenol, ethoxylated (26027-38-3) was determined to be 18.2 mg/l on the basis of mortality.

From the above same reference and read across 4-Nonylphenol, ethoxylated (26027-38-3) (Ecotox database, 2017) a study was performed in Gammarus pulex (Scud) for 48 hr using freshwater. After experiment the LC 50 value for 4-Nonylphenol, ethoxylated (26027-38-3) for Gammarus pulex (Scud) was determined to be 20.9 mg/l on the basis of mortality.

On the basis of predicted results for toxicity to aquatic invertebrates from target and study from read across, as all the above weight of evidences has supported the classification hence it can be considered that Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(4-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxy-, branched (CAS no127087-87-0) was likely to be toxic to aquatic invertebrates at environmentally relevant concentrations and can be considered to classified in aquatic chronic 3 as per the criteria of CLP regulation

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

1 predicted datafor the target chemicalPolyethylene glycol mono(branched p-nonylphenyl) ether(CAS No. 127087-87-0) and the total 3 studies (2 studies from peer reviewed journal and 1 study from authoritative database) for its closest read across substance with logKow as the primary descriptor were reviewed for the toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria end point which are summarized as below:

 

Short term toxicity on aquatic algae and cyanobacteria of target chemical Polyethylene glycol mono(branched p-nonylphenyl) ether (CAS No. 127087-87-0), is predicted using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances (2017).EC50 value was estimated to be19.5 mg/l for Desmodesmus subspicatus for 72 h duration. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance Polyethylene glycol mono(branched p-nonylphenyl) ether is considered to be toxic to aquatic environment and can be considered to be classified in aquatic chronic category 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study of read across chemical Polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether (CAS no. 9016 -45 -9) from peer reviewed journal (S.M. Bengtson Nash, et. al, 2005),short term toxicity to Scenedesmus subspicatus (green algae) study was carried out for greater than 70 mins using the ToxY-PAM bioassay. The study was based on the effects of theread acrosscompound Polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether (CAS no. 9016-45-9) on Scenedesmus subspicatus (green algae) in a static fresh water system at a temperature 24ᵒC.

Test chemical stock solutions were prepared in Milli-Q-water. Test chemical is completely soluble in water and standards were prepared by weight. Conc. of the test chemical used for the study were1, 10 and 100 mg/l, respectively. Test organism used for the study was Scenedesmus subspicatus obtained from Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa, UK (CCAP). Test algae was grown in Jaworski’s media and Euglena gracilis medium. Cultures were maintained at room temperature (24±1◦C) on a natural daylight cycle receiving daylight of between 10 and 25 µE/m2/sec. The selected algae species were single celled and known not to form significant aggregates.

1mL of algal suspension pre-treated identically was added to each channel cuvette and the fluorescence measurements commenced. Once a satisfactory baseline had been achieved, indicating similar time-dependent responses in the two channels, 10µL of standard was added to channel 1. Both channel suspensions were stirred gently and the chamber caps replaced to protect the samples from external light.10µL of acidified (pH <3) Milli-Q water was added to the control channel simultaneously. Blank tests with 1% acetone using the bioassay did not indicate a significant reaction to the solvent. Two levels of fluorescence are measured with high accuracy by the ToxY-PAM dual-channel yield analyser, the basal fluorescence (F), shortly before application of the saturating pulse and maximal level (Fm’) reached during the saturation pulse. Both F and Fm’ were, in these tests, measured repetitively at 30 s intervals. From these two values, the PS-II quantum yield (Fm’−F)/ (Fm’), a measure of photosynthetic efficiency under ambient light conditions, could be calculated. Inhibition (%) of photosynthesis corresponds to the relative lowering of the quantum yield of the algae in the test channel with respect the algae in the control channel. The photosynthetic response was monitored on the ToxyWin chart. If a response peaked and stabilised, the average percent inhibition was calculated from 10 or more measurements (≥5 min) on the observed plateau. In the event that the response did not peak and stabilise within the maximum allowable test duration, the inhibition (%) was determined from the final 10 readings. Estimates of IC10 concentrations and their confidence intervals were made by fitting a linear regression to all four replicates of the tested toxicity concentration and inhibition values using the computer statistics program SPSS. Based on chlorophyll measurement of the test organism Scenedesmus subspicatus (green algae), the IC10 value was determined to be 56 mg/l, respectively.

 

For the same read across chemical Polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether (CAS no. 9016-45-9), short term toxicity to Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae) study was carried out for 96 hrs (PHILIP B. DORN et. al, 1993). The study was performed according to EPA guideline.The study was based on the effects of the test compound Polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether on Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae) in a static fresh water system at a temperature of 25±2ᵒC. Reference toxicant controls were also conducted during the test program using Cu2 + and Cr6 + in 96 hrs exposures. Cell count of the test organism was determined after a period of 96 hrs and thus based on this NOEC, LOEC and EC50 value was determined. On the basis of effect on cell count of the test organism Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae), the 96 hr EC50, LOEC and NOEC value was determined to be 12, 16, 8 mg/l, respectively. Thus, based on the EC50 value, it can be concluded that the substance Polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether can be considered as toxic to aquatic organisms and thus can be classified as aquatic chronic category 3 as per the CLP criteria.

 

Additional weight of evidence study of short term toxicity to Scenedesmus quadricauda (green algae) study for read across chemical 4-Nonylphenol, ethoxylated (CAS no. 26027 -38 -3) was carried out for 48 hrs in a static fresh water system (ECOTOX database, 2016). On the basis of effect on developmental changes of the test organism Scenedesmus quadricauda (green algae), the 48 hr EC50 value was determined to be 17 mg/l, respectively.Thus, based on this value, it can be concluded that the substance 4-Nonylphenol, ethoxylated can be considered as toxic to aquatic organisms and thus can be classified as aquatic chronic category 3 as per the CLP criteria.

 

Based on the overall reported results for target chemicalPolyethylene glycol mono(branched p-nonylphenyl) ether(OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4, 2017) and for its read across substance (from peer reviewed journal and authoritative database), it can be concluded that the test substancePolyethylene glycol mono(branched p-nonylphenyl) ethercan be considered astoxic to aquatic organisms and thus can be classified as aquatic chronic category 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.