1-dodecylpyridinium chloride

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Justification for type of information:

Experimental test result performed using standard test guidelines

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Short term toxicity to fish test was carried out accoring to the OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test) to study the effects of test material on fish.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Remarks:

Substance stable under recommended temprature

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on test solutions:

The test substance was soluble in water. Therefore, the test solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous one hour of stirring for achieving test concentrations of 0.78 mg/L,1.56 mg/L,3.125 mg/L,6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L, respectively.

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name:Zebra Fish
- Strain:Danio rerio
- Source:Koyal Aquaruim, Nagpur
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD):not specified
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD):average 1.75 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD):0.71g (average)
- Housing:The fishes were kept in a static tank in tap water passed through reverse osmosis system, under natural conditions along with proper feed and aeration.
- Duration of housing: 15 days
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light and 8 hours dark
- Diet : Standard brand feed, once daily
- Acclimatization: seven days
- Feeding frequency: Once in a day

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

154.2 mg of CaCO3

Test temperature:

23 °C

pH:

7.5

Dissolved oxygen:

7.6 mg/L

Salinity:

not specified

Conductivity:

not specified

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0.78 mg/L,1.56 mg/L,3.125 mg/L,6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L - nominal concentrations

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Aquaria
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 5 liters of plastic aquaria filled with 2 liter of water
- Aeration: Aeration in test vessels was provided 1 day before the start of experiment
- No. of organisms per vessel: 8 fishes

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light and 8 hours dark

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 6.25 - < 12.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Mortality and symptoms:

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)	Number of fish		Mortality (cumulated) after
			3 h		6 h		24 h		48 h		72 h		96 h
			V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2
Control	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
0.78	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1.56	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3.125	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
6.25	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
12.5	4	4	-	-	-	-	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4

 

Visible Symptoms:

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)

Number of fish

Symptom (cumulated) after

3 h

6 h

24 h

48 h

72 h

96 h

V1

V2

V1

V2

V1

V2

V1

V2

V1

V2

V1

V2

Control

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

0.78

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

1.56

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

3.125

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

6.25

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

12.5

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Explanation of symptoms:

A: apathy

N: Narcotic-like state

C: Swimming near water surface

M: Slow movements compared to control

NS: No abnormal symptoms

S: Surfacing behaviour

L: Loss of equilibrium

SM: Shimming movement

H1: Hyperactivity

H2: Hypo activity

B: Bending behavior

F: Fin rot

IS: Invert Swimming

SB: Swimming behaviour

RF: Respiratory Function

P: Pigmentation

 

 

 

pH and oxygen content:

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)	Number of fish		pH readings after
			24 h		48 h		72 h		96 h
			V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2
Control	4	4	7.7	7.7	7.8	7.8	7.9	7.9	8.1	8.1
0.78	4	4	7.8	7.8	7.9	7.9	8.0	8.0	8.1	8.1
1.56	4	4	7.8	7.8	7.9	7.9	8.0	8.0	8.1	8.1
3.125	4	4	7.8	7.8	8.0	8.0	8.1	8.1	8.2	8.2
6.25	4	4	7.8	7.8	8.0	8.0	8.1	8.1	8.2	8.2
12.5	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

 

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)	Number of fish		Oxygen content (mg/L) after
			24 h		48 h		72 h		96 h
			V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2
Control	4	4	6.9	6.9	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.6
0.78	4	4	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.5	6.5
1.56	4	4	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.5	6.5
3.125	4	4	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.5	6.5
6.25	4	4	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.5	6.5
12.5	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

 

Test temperature:

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)	Number of fish		Temperature (°C) after
			24 h		48 h		72 h		96 h
			V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2
Control	4	4	22.7	22.7	22.9	22.9	23.2	23.2	23.9	23.9
0.78	4	4	22.7	22.7	22.9	22.9	23.2	23.2	23.9	23.9
1.56	4	4	22.7	22.7	22.9	22.9	23.2	23.2	23.9	23.9
3.125	4	4	22.7	22.7	22.9	22.9	23.2	23.2	23.9	23.9
6.25	4	4	22.7	22.7	22.9	22.9	23.2	23.2	23.9	23.9
12.5	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Based on nominal concentrations, experimental median lethal Concentrations [LC50 (96 h)] for test substance on Zebra fish(Danio rerio) was found to be > 6.25 mg/L but < 12.5 mg/L.

Executive summary:

Short term toxicity to fish was conducted for 96 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical. The test was performed in accordance to OECD guideline No. 203 “Fish Acute Toxicity Test”. Zebra fish (Danio rerio) of average weight 0.71 g and average length of 1.75 cm was used as a test organism for the study. Test fishes were kept in a static tank in tap water passed through reverse osmosis system, under natural conditions along with proper feed and aeration. During the housing period, test fishes were fed once daily with standard brand fed. The test conditions during the housing of the test organisms were oxygen content of 7.6 mg/l, pH 7.5, water temperature 24.2°C and under a photoperiod of 16:8 hr light: dark conditions, respectively. The test solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous one hour of stirring for achieving test concentrations of 0.78 mg/L,1.56 mg/L,3.125 mg/L,6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L, respectively. Total 8 fishes were exposed to test chemical in a 5 lit bowl aquaria containing 4 liters of potable water. The test vessels were placed in a room at a temperature of 24.2°C, pH 7.3, hardness of water 154.2 mg of CaCO3 and under a photoperiod of 16:8 hr light: dark conditions, respectively. Aeration in test vessels was provided 1 day before the start of the experiment. No mortalities were observed in the control. Test fishes were moving slowly as compared to control. On the basis of effect of test chemical on mortality of the test organism, the median lethal concentration (LC50 (96 h)) was determined to be >6.25 to <12.5 mg/l. Thus, based on the LC50 value, test chemical was considered as toxic to aquatic fishes and hence, considered to be classified in 'aquatic chronic category 3' as per the CLP classification criteria.

Description of key information

Short term toxicity to fish was conducted for 96 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical. The test was performed in accordance to OECD guideline No. 203 “Fish Acute Toxicity Test”. Zebra fish (Danio rerio) of average weight 0.71 g and average length of 1.75 cm was used as a test organism for the study. Test fishes were kept in a static tank in tap water passed through reverse osmosis system, under natural conditions along with proper feed and aeration. During the housing period, test fishes were fed once daily with standard brand fed. The test conditions during the housing of the test organisms were oxygen content of 7.6 mg/l, pH 7.5, water temperature 24.2°C and under a photoperiod of 16:8 hr light: dark conditions, respectively. The test solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous one hour of stirring for achieving test concentrations of 0.78 mg/L,1.56 mg/L,3.125 mg/L,6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L, respectively. Total 8 fishes were exposed to test chemical in a 5 lit bowl aquaria containing 4 liters of potable water. The test vessels were placed in a room at a temperature of 24.2°C, pH 7.3, hardness of water 154.2 mg of CaCO3 and under a photoperiod of 16:8 hr light: dark conditions, respectively. Aeration in test vessels was provided 1 day before the start of the experiment. No mortalities were observed in the control. Test fishes were moving slowly as compared to control. On the basis of effect of test chemical on mortality of the test organism, the median lethal concentration (LC50 (96 h)) was determined to be >6.25 to <12.5 mg/l. Thus, based on the LC50 value, test chemical was considered as toxic to aquatic fishes and hence, considered to be classified in 'aquatic chronic category 3' as per the CLP classification criteria.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

12.5 mg/L

Additional information

Experimental key and supporting study of the test chemical were reviewed for short term toxicity to fish end point which are summarized as below:

 

In an experimental study from study report, short term toxicity to fish was conducted for 96 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical. The test was performed in accordance to OECD guideline No. 203 “Fish Acute Toxicity Test”. Zebra fish (Danio rerio) of average weight 0.71 g and average length of 1.75 cm was used as a test organism for the study. Test fishes were kept in a static tank in tap water passed through reverse osmosis system, under natural conditions along with proper feed and aeration. During the housing period, test fishes were fed once daily with standard brand fed. The test conditions during the housing of the test organisms were oxygen content of 7.6 mg/l, pH 7.5, water temperature 24.2°C and under a photoperiod of 16:8 hr light: dark conditions, respectively. The test solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous one hour of stirring for achieving test concentrations of 0.78 mg/L,1.56 mg/L,3.125 mg/L,6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L, respectively. Total 8 fishes were exposed to test chemical in a 5 lit bowl aquaria containing 4 liters of potable water. The test vessels were placed in a room at a temperature of 24.2°C, pH 7.3, hardness of water 154.2 mg of CaCO3 and under a photoperiod of 16:8 hr light: dark conditions, respectively. Aeration in test vessels was provided 1 day before the start of the experiment. No mortalities were observed in the control. Test fishes were moving slowly as compared to control. On the basis of effect of test chemical on mortality of the test organism, the median lethal concentration (LC50 (96 h)) was determined to be >6.25 to <12.5 mg/l. Thus, based on the LC50 value, test chemical was considered as toxic to aquatic fishes and hence, considered to be classified in 'aquatic chronic category 3' as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Another short term Toxicity test according to Polish Standards (PN-90/C-04610/03) was conducted for test material. Lebistes reticulatus (Guppy) of length 8-12 mm was used as a test organism. Test fishes were taken before the occurrence of sex dimorphism. Minimum 5 different concentrations (conc. spacing of 1.8) were taken for the study. Three parallel tests were performed in 500 ml container with seven organisms for a period of 96 hrs. For estimation of LC50, log-probit method was used. The 96 hr lethal concentrations (LC50) value was determined to be 11.5 mg/l. Thus, based on the LC50 value, test chemical was considered as toxic to aquatic fishes and hence, considered to be classified in 'aquatic chronic category 3' as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

On the basis of the above results, it can be concluded that the test chemical was considered to be toxic to aquatic fishes and hence, considered to be classified in 'aquatic chronic category 3' as per the CLP classification criteria.