Hydratropaldehyde

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Experimental test result performed using standard test guideline

Justification for type of information:

Data is from ABITEC lab report.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Short term toxicity of 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde to aquatic invertebrates was performed according to the OECD guideline in a static system.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde
Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C9H10O
Molecular weight (if other than submission substance):134.19
Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): c1([C@@H](C=O)C)ccccc1
InChl (if other than submission substance): 1S/C9H10O/c18(710)9532469/h28H,1H3
Substance Type: Organic
Physical State: Liquid

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

Acetone

Details on test solutions:

The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrationas were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain: Straus
- Source: Own breeding at University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): The animals used for the test shall be less than 24 h old and should not be first brood progeny
- Feeding during test: No feeding

ACCLIMATION - No data available
- Acclimation period:
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not):
- Type and amount of food:
- Feeding frequency:
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed):

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

± 1 hr

Test temperature:

20±1°C

pH:

Test: 7.7 (changed to 7.9 during test)
Control: 8 (Change to 8.1 during test)
Control + acetone: 7.9 (no change during test)

Dissolved oxygen:

higher than 7.4 mg/L at the end of test

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0, 0, 3.1, 6.2, 12, 25, 50, 100 mg/l nominal concentration

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 ml glass vessel
- fill volume: 25 ml
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
Natural water (surface or ground water), reconstituted water or dechlorinated tap water are acceptable as culturing and dilution water if D. magna survives in it for the duration of the culturing, acclimation and testing without showing signs of stress. Waters in the range pH 6 to pH 9, with hardness between 140 mg/l and 275 mg/l (as CaCO3) are recommended.
As an example, the preparation of dilution water meeting the requirements is described below.
Dissolve known quantities of reagents in water. The dilution water prepared shall have a pH of 7.8 ± 0.5, a hardness of (225 ± 50) mg/l (expressed as CaCO3), a molar Ca + Mg ratio close to 4 + 1 and a dissolved oxygen concentration above 7 mg/l.

Prepare the solutions specified below:
- Calcium chloride solution: Dissolve 117.6 g of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Magnesium sulfate solution: Dissolve 49.3 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Sodium bicarbonate solution: Dissolve 25.9 g of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Potassium chloride solution: Dissolve 2.3 g of potassium chloride (KCI) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).

Mixing
Mix 2.5 ml of each of the four solutions and make up to 1 l with water.
The dilution water shall be aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration has reached saturation and the pH has stabilized. If necessary, adjust the pH to 7.8 ± 0.5 by adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution or hydrochloric acid (HCI). The dilution water prepared in this way shall not be further aerated before use.

- Sodium hydroxide solution, e.g. [NaOH] : 1 mol/l.
- Hydrochloric acid, e.g. [HCl] : 1 mol/l.

Reference substance:
Dissolve 600 mg of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in water and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no adjustment done
- Photoperiod: No - Darkness
- Light intensity:

CALCULATION:
EC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4.0

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

24.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95 % CI was 14-44 mg/l

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid
- EC50: 0.73 mg/L (24 hours)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

EC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4.0

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde (hydratropaldehyde), in Daphnia magna was determined to be 24.8 mg/L on the basis of mobiity inhibition effects in a 48 hour study.

Executive summary:

Aim of this study was to assess the short term toxicity of 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde (93 -53 -8) to aquatic invertebrates daphnia magna. Study was performed according to the OECD guideline in a static system for the total exposure period of 48 hrs.

 

The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrationas were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. 0, 0, 3.1, 6.2, 12, 25, 50, 100 mg/l nominal concentration were used in the study.

Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0.

The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde ( hydratropaldehyde), in Daphnia magna was determined to be 24.8 mg/L on the basis of mobiity inhibition effects in a 48 hour study. Based on the EC50 value, indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 per the CLP criteria. But the chemical 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde was readily biodegrable in water and it degrade faster. Based on that criteria chemical was consider as nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Description of key information

Aim of this study was to assess the short term toxicity of 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde (93 -53 -8) to aquatic invertebrates daphnia magna. Study was performed according to the OECD guideline in a static system for the total exposure period of 48 hrs. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrationas were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. 0, 0, 3.1, 6.2, 12, 25, 50, 100 mg/l nominal concentration were used in the study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 24.8 mg/L on the basis of mobiity inhibition effects in a 48 hour study. Based on the EC50 value, indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 per the CLP criteria. But the chemical 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde was readily biodegrable in water and it degrade faster. Based on that criteria chemical was consider as nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

24.8 mg/L

Additional information

Various studies for the target 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde along with its predicted data and read across substance were reviewed to summarize the following information:

 

In the first key study for chemical 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde (93 -53 -8) from ABITEC report study was carried out. Aim of this study was to assess the short term toxicity of 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde (93 -53 -8) to aquatic invertebrates daphnia magna. Study was performed according to the OECD guideline in a static system for the total exposure period of 48 hrs. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentration as were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. 0, 0, 3.1, 6.2, 12, 25, 50, 100 mg/l nominal concentration were used in the study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 24.8 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hour study. Based on the EC50 value, indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 per the CLP criteria. But the chemical 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde was readily biodegrable in water and it degrade faster. Based on that criteria chemical was consider as nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

First study was supported by the second study for the read across chemical (98-82-8) from (ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, 1988). Acute immobilization test was performed in Daphnia magna according to the OECD guideline 202. Closed bottle of 150 ml was used for the experiment and observed for 24 hrs. So, after experiment it was observed that the IC 50 value for Daphnia magna for Isopropylbenzene (98-82-8) was determined to be 1.4 mg/l concentration based on acute immobilization test. Thus based on this value it can be concluded that the substance can be classified as toxic as per criteria of CLP regulation. But as the chemical is readily biodegradable so the substance will not contribute to the classification.

 

Similarly in the third supporting study for the read across chemical (98-82-8) from Chemosphere 1983, study was carried out. Short term toxicity test was performed in Daphnia magna for 48 hrs. Daphnia of similar size (approximately 1.5 m in length, 4-6 days old) were selected visually from the stock cultures for the bioassays. Mortality was observed as immobility, i.e., lying on the bottom and no visible movement of the antennae, thoracic appendages or postabdomen, after tapping or rotating of the vial. After 48 hrs it was observed that the LD 50 value for Daphnia magna for cumene (98-82-8) was determined as 600.97 mg/l (5mmol/m3. ) According to CLP regulation, based on value and biodegradation result the substance was not classified.

 

Thus based on above all sources toxicity on 2 Phenylpropionaldehyde (93 -53 -8) from ABITEC experimental report and for the read across chemical, it can be concluded that the chemical was consider as nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.