(E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-buten-1-one

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Genetic toxicity in vitro

Description of key information

Ames Test (OECD 471, GLP, K, rel. 1): non mutagenic up to limit concentration in S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 & E.coli WP2uvrA.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From June 25 to August 02, 2004

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP study conducted according to OECD 471 Guideline without any deviation.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

UK GLP Compliance Programme (inspected on December 02, 2002/ signed on February 13, 2003)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Target gene:

Histidine and tryptophan gene

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Not applicable

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

10 % S9 mix; S9 from liver of male Sprague- Dawley rats orally received three consecutive daily doses of phenobarbitone/β-naphthoflavone (80/100 mg/kg bw/day prior to S9 preparation on Day 4

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Preliminary toxicity study: 0.15, 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate in TA 100 and WP2 uvr A strains, with or without S9-mix using the direct plate incorporation method.

Mutation Test (direct plate incorporation method):

Experiment 1 (Range-finding Test)
Salmonella strains: 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 μg/plate.
E.coli strain WP2uvrA-: 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 μg/plate.

Experiment 2 (Main Test)
Salmonella strains (with and without S9) & E.coli strain WP2uvrA- (without S9 only): 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 μg/plate.
E.coli strain WP2uvrA- (with S9): 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 μg/plate.

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Test material was immiscible at 50 mg/mL in water, but miscible at 50 mg/mL in DMSO. Therefore, DMSO was selected as vehicle.
- Preparation of test materials: The test material was accurately weighed and approximate half-log dilutions prepared in dimethyl sulphoxide by mixing on a vortex mixer on the day of each experiment.

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

9-aminoacridine

N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine

Remarks:

Without S9-mix

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

benzo(a)pyrene

other: 2-Aminoanthracene

Remarks:

With S9-mix

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

SOURCE OF TEST SYSTEM: Salmonella typhimurium strains were obtained from the University of California at Berkeley whilst Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA- was obtained from the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)

DURATION
- Exposure duration: Approximately 48 h at 37 °C

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Preliminary toxicity study: One plate/dose
- Mutation study: 3 plates/dose

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: Evaluation of the toxicity was performed on the basis of growth of the bacterial background lawn.

Evaluation criteria:

The test material may be considered positive in this test system if the following criteria are met:
The test material should have induced a reproducible, dose-related and statistically (Dunnett' s method of linear regression) significant increase in the revertant count in at least one strain of bacteria.

Statistics:

Dunnett' s method of linear regression

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: Not applicable
- Effects of osmolality: Not applicable
- Evaporation from medium: Not expected
- Water solubility: Immiscible in water
- Precipitation: None
- Other confounding effects: None

PRELIMINARY TOXICITY STUDY: The test material exhibited toxicity (as a significant weakening of the bacterial background lawn) from 1500 μg/plate to TA 100 and was non-toxic to WP2uvrA-.

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: All tester strain cultures exhibit a characteristic number of spontaneous revertants per plate in the untreated controls.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
- The test material caused a visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn to all of the Salmonella strains both with and without S9 from 1500 μg/plate, although less toxicity was observed to TA98. However, no toxicity was noted to E.coli strain WP2uvrA- at any test material dose level.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Table 7.6.1/2: Preliminary Toxicity Test

S9 mix	Strain	Dose (µg/plate)
		0	0.15	0.5	1.5	5	15	50	150	500	1500	5000
- S9	TA 100	118	120	140	125	111	115	103	149	118	91*	13*
+ S9	TA 100	137	101	105	108	107	110	116	107	95	54	10*
- S9	WP2 uvr A	17	20	18	16	16	20	11	10	8	18	22
+ S9	WP2 uvr A	25	19	19	22	18	22	24	18	21	20	23

 

*: Partial absence of bacterial background lawn

See the attached document for information on tables of results – mutagenicity test

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with metabolic activation
negative without metabolic activation

The test material is not mutagenic with and without metabolic activation in S. typhimurium (strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100) and E. coli WP2 uvr A according to the criteria of the Annex VI of the of the Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP).

Executive summary:

In a reverse gene mutation assay performed according to the OECD test guideline No. 471 and in compliance with GLP, strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100) and Escherichia coli WP2 uvr A were exposed to the test material diluted in DMSO using the plate incorporation method. The dose range for the range-finding test was determined in a preliminary toxicity assay and was 50 to 5000 and 5 to 5000 μg/plate for WP2uvrA-and the Salmonella strains respectively. The experiment was repeated on a separate day using an amended dose range (15 to 5000 µg/plate), fresh cultures of the bacterial strains and fresh test material formulations. Negative, vehicle (DMSO) and positive control groups were also included in mutagenicity tests. 

The vehicle control plates gave counts of revertant colonies within the normal range. All of the positive control chemicals used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with or without metabolic activation. Thus, the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the S9-mix were validated. The test material caused a visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn to all of the Salmonella strains both with and without S9 from 1500 μg/plate, although less toxicity was observed to TA 98. However, no toxicity was noted to E.coli strain WP2uvrA- at any test material dose level. The test material was tested up to the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 μg/plate. No test material precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of S9-mix.No significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, at any dose level either with or without metabolic activation.

 

Under the test condition, the test material is not mutagenic with and without metabolic activation to S. typhimurium (TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100) and E. coli WP2 uvr A according to the criteria of the Annex VI of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP).

This study is considered as acceptable and satisfies the requirement for reverse gene mutation endpoint.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (negative)

Additional information

Additional information from genetic toxicity in vitro:

Table 7.6/1: Summary of genotoxicity tests

Test n°	Test / Guideline Reliability	Focus	Strains tested	Metabolic activation	Test concentration	Statement
1   Safepharm, 2004	Ames Test (OECD 471) K, rel. 1	Gene mutation	TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, E. coli WP2	-S9 +S9	Up to limit concentration	-S9 : non mutagenic +S9 : non mutagenic

Gene mutation Assay (Test n° 1):

A Bacterial Reverse mutation Assay (Ames test) was performed according to OECD guideline No. 471 with the substance (See Table 7.6/1). No significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains under the test condition, with any dose of the substance, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. The substance does not induce gene mutations in bacteria whereas all positive control chemicals (with and without metabolic activation) induced significant increase of colonies. The substance is therefore considered as non-mutagenic according to the Ames test.

Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
Only one study available, GLP-compliant and of high quality (Klimisch score = 1). No further testing is required for substances at the REACH Annex VII tonnage level.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Harmonized classification:

The test material has no harmonized classification for human health according to the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 including ATP6.

Self-classification:

Based on the available data, no additional classification is proposed regarding germ cell mutagenicity according to the Annex VI of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP).