Nickel bis(2-ethylhexanoate)

Health surveillance data

Administrative data

Endpoint:

health surveillance data

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

2003 - 2006

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for assessment.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Levels and predictors of urinary nickel concentrations of children in Germany: results from the German Environmental Survey on children (GerES IV).

Author:

Wilhelm M, Wittsiepe J, Seiwert M, Hünken A, Becker K, Conrad A, Schulz C, Kolossa-Gehring M.

Year:

2013

Bibliographic source:

Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2013 216(2):163-9.

Materials and methods

Study type:

biological exposure monitoring

Endpoint addressed:

other: Urinary nickel levels in German children

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Assessment of internal nickel exposure via urinary nickel measurement and identification of possible predictors.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

environmental nickel

IUPAC Name:

environmental nickel

Details on test material:

Nickel exposure from food, water, and ambient (environmental) airborne levels. Bulk of exposure (from food) claimed as soluble nickel by authors.

Method

Type of population:

other: volunteers (school children)

Ethical approval:

confirmed, but no further information available

Details on study design:

The German Environmental Survey on children (GerES IV) 2003-2006 provided representative data to describe the internal nickel exposure of children aged 3-14 years in Germany via nickel measurement in urine.

Results and discussion

Results:

Concentrations of nickel in urine ranged from below 0.5 ug/1 to 15 ug/1. The geometric mean and the 95th percentile concentrations were 1.26 and 4.50 ug/1 respectively. Urinary nickel levels for the sub-groups defined by gender, age and SES are also summarized in Table 1. Geometric means did not differ between boys and girls (1.27 and 1.26 ug/1). For the different age groups, geometric means were highest in the children aged 3-5 years (1.40 ug/1), values decreased to 1.34 (6-8 years) and 1.14 ug/1 (9-11 years), and then increased again (1.23 ug/1) in children aged 12-14years. Nickel levels were lower in children with higher SES compared to children with low or medium SES ( 1.11 ug/1 and 1.33 ug/1 respectively). Geometric mean of children who were overweight gender and age 90th BMI percentile was lower compared to those who were not overweight (1.14 and 1.29 ug/l; p

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Executive summary:

Study was rated by an independent reviewer.