Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 224-699-9 | CAS number: 4454-16-4
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Read-across approach
In the assessment of the environmental fate, ecotoxicity and toxicity of nickel bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (CAS: 4454-16-4), a read-across approach from data for the metal cation (nickel) and the organic anion (2-ethylhexanoate) is followed. This read-across strategy is based on the observation that upon dissolution in aqueous media, metal carboxylate salts completely dissociate and only are present in their dissociated form, i.e. as metal cation and carboxylate anion. Data on the environmental fate, ecotoxicity and toxicity for both transformation products of nickel bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (i.e., nickel cation and 2-ethylhexanoate anion) together can therefore be combined in an additive approach to predict the corresponding properties of nickel bis(2-ethylhexanoate).
A detailed justification for the read-across approach is added as a separate document in section 13 of IUCLID.
Upon dissolution and dissociation of nickel bis(2-ethylhexanoate) into the nickel cation and 2-ethylhexanoate anion, both ions will each show the proper (bio)degradation, bioaccumulation and partitioning behaviour in the environment, as reported for the corresponding ion. The environmental fate and behaviour for the nickel cation and 2-ethylhexanoate anion is predicted to be clearly different from each other, resulting in a different relative distribution over the environmental compartments (water, air, sediment and soil). Because the relative exposure to both constituent ions is hence predicted to be different from the original composition of nickel bis(2-ethylhexanoate), data for the ecotoxicological properties of this substance tested as such are considered less relevant for its effects and risk assessment and a read-across approach from data for both the nickel cation and 2-ethylhexanoate anion is preferred. The dose additivity approach is used to explain the ecotoxicological effects of nickel bis(2-ethylhexanoate) based on the data for the individual transformation products (nickel cation and 2-ethylhexanoate anion).
Carboxylates are expected to be resistant to hydrolysis because they lack a functional group that is hydrolytically reactive. Therefore, hydrolysis will not contribute to their removal from the environment.
To confirm biodegradability, Nickel 2 -ethylhexanoate was tested in a CO₂-evolution test (Modified Sturm test) and in a Closed bottle test. The results of the CO₂-evolution test confirmed that 2-ethylhexanoic acid is readily biodegradable when applied as Nickel bis(2-ethylhexanoate).
Stability and Biodegradation are not applicable endpoints for nickel, as reported in the 2008/2009 European Union Risk Assessment for Nickel.
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