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Administrative data

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Genetic toxicity in vivo

Description of key information

The genetic toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acrylate has been assessed in 3 in vitro studies (including 1 bacterial reverse mutation assays, a mammalian chromosome aberration test, and gene mutation assay in mammalian cells) and an in vivo micronucleus assay. Negative results were reported in all the in vitro studies with the exception of the chromosomal aberration test that showed that the substance substance did not induce numerical aberration but it induced structural aberration under test conditions applied. However, an in vivo mouse micronucleus test showed that no evidence of mutagenic potential after administration via oral-gavage route of the substance was observed.

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
Remarks:
Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
from 29 November 2007 to 14 January 2008
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: GLP study in compliance with international guidelines
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Type of assay:
micronucleus assay
Species:
mouse
Strain:
CD-1
Sex:
male
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
Micronucleus Assay Young adult male CD-1 (ICR) BR mice were received on 13 December 2007 from Harlan, Frederick, Maryland. This is an outbred strain that maximizes genetic heterogeneity and therefore tends to eliminate strain-specific response to test articles. The mouse has been routinely utilized as an animal model of choice for the mammalian bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus assay.
Identification and Acclimation:
Animals were randomized into groups according to Covance Standard Operating Procedures. Following randomization, each study animal was uniquely identified by ear tag. Animals were acclimated to laboratory conditions for at least 5 days, and released for study use by a staff examiner. Animals were considered acceptable for study use based upon data collected during acclimation.
Husbandry:
Housing The animals were housed in sanitary polycarbonate cages containing Sani-Chips ® Hardwood Chip Laboratory bedding. The animals were housed up to five animals per cage during acclimation, and by full dose group/harvest timepoint after randomization. Each batch of wood chips was analyzed by the manufacturer for specific microorganisms and contaminants.
Environmental Conditions:
Environmental controls were set to maintain the following animal room conditions: temperature range of 64 to 79 F, relative humidity range of 30 to 70%, 10 or greater air changes/hour, and a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle. The light/dark cycle was interrupted for non-study related activities. Actual temperature and humidity readings were monitored continuously and averaged twice daily. Any variations to these conditions are maintained in the raw data and had no effect on the outcome of the study.
Diet, Water, and Contaminants:
PMI Certified Rodent Diet was available ad libitum. The manufacturer analyzed the diet for nutritional components and environmental contaminants. Tap water was available ad libitum. Water samples are routinely analyzed for specified microorganisms and environmental contaminants. Results of the diet and water analyses are reviewed for acceptability and are on file at Covance-Vienna. No contaminants were known to be present in the diet or water at levels that might interfere with this study.
Route of administration:
oral: gavage
Vehicle:
The vehicle control article was olive oil with 0.5% Tween 80.
Olive Oil CAS No. 8001-25-0
Tween 80 CAS No. 9005-65-6
Details on exposure:
In the dose range-finding study, perfluoroalkyl acrylate was formulated in olive oil and administered once by oral gavage to 3 males and 3 females per dose level. The animals were dosed at 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg and observed for up to 2 days after dosing for toxic signs and/or mortality. In a follow-up dose range-finding study, perfluoroalkyl acrylate was formulated in olive oil with 0.5% Tween 80 and administered once by oral gavage to 2 or 3 males and 3 females per dose level. The animals were dosed at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg and observed for up to 2 days after dosing for toxic signs and/or mortality. Based on the results of the dose range-finding study, the maximum tolerated dose was estimated to be 400 mg/kg. In the micronucleus assay, the test article was formulated in olive oil with 0.5% Tween 80.

Duration of treatment / exposure:
Single exposure.
Frequency of treatment:
Single exposure.
Post exposure period:
All animals were examined immediately after dosing, approximately 1 hour after dosing, and at least daily for the duration of this assay for signs of clinical toxicity and/or mortality.
Dose / conc.:
100 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Remarks:
with 0.5% Tween 80 in olive oil
Dose / conc.:
200 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Remarks:
with 0.5% Tween 80 in olive oil
Dose / conc.:
400 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Remarks:
with 0.5% Tween 80 in olive oil
No. of animals per sex per dose:
5 male, 5 males and 5 females in 400 mg/kg bw dose group
Control animals:
no
Positive control(s):
Positive control: cyclophosphamide
Details of tissue and slide preparation:
Micronucleus Assay
Extraction of Bone Marrow :
The hind limb bones (tibias) were removed for marrow extraction from five surviving animals in the positive control, low and mid dose groups, and from ten surviving animals in the control and high dose groups. For each animal, the marrow flushed from the bones was combined in an individual centrifuge tube containing 3 to 5 mL fetal bovine serum (one tube per animal).
Preparation of Slides:
Following centrifugation to pellet the marrow, the supernatant was removed by aspiration and portions of the pellet were spread on slides and air-dried. The slides were fixed in methanol, stained in May-Grünwald solution and Giemsa, and protected by mounting with coverslips. For control of bias, all slides were coded prior to analysis.
Evaluation criteria:
The criteria for a positive response is the detection of a statistically significant increase in micronucleated PCEs for at least one dose level, and a statistically significant dose- related response. A test article that does not induce both of these responses is considered negative. Statistical significance is not the only determinant of a positive response; the Study Director also considers the biological relevance of the results in the final evaluation.
Statistics:
The following statistical methods were used to analyze the micronucleus data.
Assay data analysis was performed using an analysis of variance (Winer, 1971) on untransformed proportions of cells with micronuclei per animal and on untransformed PCE:NCE ratios when the variances were homogeneous. Ranked proportions were used for heterogeneous variances.
If the analysis of variance was statistically significant (p 0.05), Dunnett's t-test (Dunnett, 1955; 1964) was used to determine which dose groups, if any, were statistically significantly different from the vehicle control. Analyses were performed separately for each sampling time.
The 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg dose groups, as well as the positive control group, were compared with the vehicle control group at the 5% probability level. Statistical significance is designated throughout the text of this report by the term significant.
Statistical analysis programs are referenced accordingly in the appropriate section of this report.
Sex:
male/female
Genotoxicity:
negative
Toxicity:
yes
Remarks:
The test article, Perfluoroalkyl acrylate, induced signs of clinical toxicity in the treated animals at 400 mg/kg, which included hypoactivity, squinted eyes, rough haircoat, hunched posture, wet haircoat-perineal, and/or body tremors.
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Additional information on results:
The test article, perfluoroalkyl acrylate, induced signs of clinical toxicity in the treated animals at 400 mg/kg, which included hypoactivity, squinted eyes, rough haircoat, hunched posture, wet haircoat-perineal, and/or body tremors. Perfluoroalkyl acrylate did not induce statistically significant increases in micronucleated PCEs at any test article dose examined (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). In addition, perfluoroalkyl acrylate was not cytotoxic to the bone marrow (i.e., no statistically significant decrease in the PCE:NCE ratios) at any dose of the test article. A statistically significant lower level of micronucleated PCEs and higher PCE:NCE ratio were found at 400 mg/kg without biological significance. The vehicle control group had approximately 0.04% micronucleated PCEs and the group mean was within the historical control range. The positive control, cyclophosphamide, induced a statistically significant increase in micronucleated PCEs as compared to that of the vehicle control, with a mean and standard deviation of 2.22 0.73%.
Conclusions:
Interpretation of results: negative
The test article, perfluoroalkyl acrylate, was evaluated as negative in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay under the conditions of this assay.
Executive summary:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the test article, perfluoroalkyl acrylate, for in vivo clastogenic activity and/or disruption of the mitotic apparatus by detecting micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in CD-1 (ICR) BR mouse bone marrow. Bone marrow was extracted and at least 2000 PCEs per animal were analyzed for the frequency of micronuclei. Cytotoxicity was assessed by scoring the number of PCEs and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) in at least the first 500 total erythrocytes for each animal. The test article, perfluoroalkyl acrylate, induced signs of clinical toxicity in the treated animals at 400 mg/kg, which included hypoactivity, squinted eyes, rough haircoat, hunched posture, wet haircoat-perineal, and/or body tremors. Perfluoroalkyl acrylate did not induce statistically significant increases in micronucleated PCEs at any test article dose examined (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). In addition,

Perfluoroalkyl acrylate was not cytotoxic to the bone marrow (i.e., no statistically significant decrease in the PCE:NCE ratios) at any dose of the test article suggesting that the substance does not reach bone marrow.

A statistically significant lower level of micronucleated PCEs and higher PCE:NCE ratio were found at 400 mg/kg without biological significance. The test article, perfluoroalkyl acrylate, was evaluated as negative in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay under the conditions of this assay.
Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (negative)

Additional information

Additional information from genetic toxicity in vivo:

In the key bacterial reverse mutation assay the ability of 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8 tridecafluorooctyl acrylate to induce mutations was investigated using salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA 1535, TA 98 and TA1537 and Escherichia coil strain WP2uvrA with a pre-incubation method in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system (S9 mix). As a result, the mutagenicity of the test substance was judged to be negative as the numbers of revertant colonies in the test substance treatment groups were less than two times that in each negative control in all test strains with and without S9 mix. Therefore, it is concluded that the substance has no ability to induce mutations under the test conditions applied.

In the key in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test the ability of 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8 tridecafluorooctyl acrylate to induce chromosomal aberrations was investigated by using Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CHL/IU cells). Based on the result of cell growth inhibition test, the doses of the test substance in the chromosomal aberration test were set at 26.6, 37.2, 52.1, 72.9, 102, 143, 200 and 280 µg/mL in short-term treatments without and with S9 mix and at 19.0, 26.6, 37.2, 52.1, 72.9, 102, 143 and 200 µg/mL in 24 hours continuous treatment. In the chromosomal aberration test, the doses for observation of specimens were selected at 52.1, 72.9 and 102 µg/mL for the short-term treatment without S9 mix and at 72.9, 102 and 143 µg/mL for the short-term treatment with S9 mix and at 37.2, 52.1, 72.9 and 102 µg/mL for 24 hours continuous treatment. In the observation, the frequencies of cells with structural aberrations and numerical aberration cells were scored. As a result of observation of specimens, the frequencies of numerical aberration cells were below 5% at all observation doses of the test substance in each treatment, and therefore, numerical aberration was judged to be negative. However, in 24 hours continuous treatment, the frequency of cells with structural aberration was over 10% and the frequencies were recognized as a dose-related increase. Therefore, structural aberration was judged to be positive.

In the key in vitro mammalian cell mutation assay (OECD 476) the potential of the test item to induce gene mutations at the HPRT locus in V79 cells of the Chinese hamster has been investigated. The assay was performed in two independent experiments. The cells were exposed to the test item for 4 hours in the first experiment with and without metabolic activation. Experiment II was performed with a treatment period of 4 hours with and 24 hours without metabolic activation. The maximum dose was 4200 µg/mL corresponding to a molar concentration of about 10 mM. No substantial and reproducible dose dependent increase of the mutation frequency was observed in both main experiments. Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls and showed a distinct increase in induced mutant colonies and thus showed the sensitivity of the test item and the activity of the S9 mix.

In the key in vivo micronucleous assay (OECD 474) 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8 tridecafluoroalkyl acrylate, for in vivo clastogenic activity and/or disruption of the mitotic apparatus by detecting micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in CD-1 (ICR) BR mouse bone marrow has been investigated. Bone marrow was extracted and at least 2000 PCEs per animal were analyzed for the frequency of micronuclei. Cytotoxicity was assessed by scoring the number of PCEs and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) in at least the first 500 total erythrocytes for each animal. The test article, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8 tridecafluoroalkyl acrylate, induced signs of clinical toxicity in the treated animals at 400 mg/kg, which included hypoactivity, squinted eyes, rough haircoat, hunched posture, wet haircoat-perineal, and/or body tremors. Perfluoroalkyl acrylate did not induce statistically significant increases in micronucleated PCEs at any test article dose examined (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw).

In addition, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8 tridecafluorooctyl acrylate was not cytotoxic to the bone marrow (i.e., no statistically significant decrease in the PCE:NCE ratios) at any dose of the test article suggesting that the substance does not reach bone marrow.

A statistically significant lower level of micronucleated PCEs and higher PCE:NCE ratio were found at 400 mg/kg without biological significance. The test article, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8 tridecafluorooctyl acrylate, was evaluated as negative in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay under the conditions of this assay.
Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
GLP in-vivo study in compliance with international guidelines

Justification for classification or non-classification

The substance does not meet the criteria for classification and labelling for mutagenicity, as set out in Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.