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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Endpoint:
acute toxicity: dermal
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
Between 22 August 2012 and 05 September 2012
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: see 'Remark'
Remarks:
Study conducted in compliance with agreed protocols, with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do not affect the quality of the relevant results. The study report was conclusive, done to a valid guideline and the study was conducted under GLP conditions.

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2012
Report date:
2012

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.3 (Acute Toxicity (Dermal))
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Test type:
standard acute method
Limit test:
yes

Test material

Constituent 1
Reference substance name:
Alkenes, C11-14, hydroformylation products, distn. residues, reaction products with maleic anhydride and sodium bisulfite, sodium salts
EC Number:
938-654-2
Molecular formula:
not applicable
IUPAC Name:
Alkenes, C11-14, hydroformylation products, distn. residues, reaction products with maleic anhydride and sodium bisulfite, sodium salts
Test material form:
other: solid
Details on test material:
Sponsor's identification: Alkenes hydroformylated, sulfosuccinates, sodium salt
Description : off white solid
Batch number : Rif.7018
Purity : 100%
Date received : 27 April 2012
Expiry date : 31 May 2013
Storage conditions: approximately - 20°C in the dark
The integrity of supplied data relating to the identity, purity and stability of the test item is the responsibility of the Sponsor.

Test animals

Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
Five male and five female Wistar (RccHan:WIST) strain rats were supplied by Harlan Laboratories UK Ltd., Oxon, UK. On receipt the animals were randomly allocated to cages. The females were nulliparous and non pregnant. After an acclimatisation period of at least five days the animals were selected at random and given a number unique within the study by indelible ink-marking on the tail and a number written on a cage card. At the start of the study the animals weighed at least 200 g, and were eight to twelve weeks of age. The weight variation did not exceed ±20% of the mean weight for each sex.
The animals were housed in suspended solid floor polypropylene cages furnished with woodflakes. The animals were housed individually during the 24 Hour exposure period and in groups of up to four, by sex, for the remainder of the study. Free access to mains drinking water and food (2014C Teklad Global Rodent diet supplied by Harlan Laboratories UK Ltd., Oxon, UK) was allowed throughout the study. The diet, drinking water and bedding were routinely analysed and were considered not to contain any contaminants that could reasonably be expected to affect the purpose or integrity of the study.
The temperature and relative humidity were set to achieve limits of 19 to 25°C and 30 to 70% respectively. Any occasional deviations from these targets were considered not to have affected the purpose or integrity of the study. The rate of air exchange was at least fifteen changes per hour and the lighting was controlled by a time switch to give twelve hours continuous light (06:00 to 18:00) and twelve hours darkness.
The animals were provided with environmental enrichment items which were considered not to contain any contaminant of a level that might have affected the purpose or integrity of the study.

Administration / exposure

Type of coverage:
semiocclusive
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on dermal exposure:
The appropriate amount of test item was applied as evenly as possible to an area of shorn skin (approximately 10% of the total body surface area) using a graduated syringe.
Duration of exposure:
24 hours
Doses:
2000 mg /kg body weight
No. of animals per sex per dose:
5 male
5 female
Control animals:
not required
Details on study design:
On the day before treatment the back and flanks of each animal were clipped free of hair.
Using available information on the toxicity of the test item, a group of five male and five female rats was treated with the test item at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg.
The appropriate amount of test item was applied as evenly as possible to an area of shorn skin (approximately 10% of the total body surface area) using a graduated syringe. A piece of surgical gauze was placed over the treatment area and semi occluded with a piece of self adhesive bandage. The animals were caged individually for the 24 Hour exposure period. Shortly after dosing the dressings were examined to ensure that they were securely in place.
After the 24 Hour contact period the bandage was carefully removed and the treated skin and surrounding hair wiped with cotton wool moistened with distilled water to remove any residual test item. The animals were returned to group housing for the remainder of the study period.
The animals were observed for deaths or overt signs of toxicity ½, 1, 2 and 4 hours after dosing and subsequently once daily for fourteen days.
After removal of the dressings and subsequently once daily for fourteen days, the test sites were examined for evidence of primary irritation and scored according to the following scale from Draize J H (1977) "Dermal and Eye Toxicity Tests" In: Principles and Procedures for Evaluating the Toxicity of Household Substances, National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC p.31:

EVALUATION OF SKIN REACTIONS
Erythema and Eschar Formation Value

No erythema 0
Very slight erythema (barely perceptible) 1
Well-defined erythema 2
Moderate to severe erythema 3
Severe erythema (beef redness) to slight eschar formation (injuries in depth) 4

Oedema Formation

No oedema 0
Very slight oedema (barely perceptible) 1
Slight oedema (edges of area well-defined by definite raising) 2
Moderate oedema (raised approximately 1 millimetre) 3
Severe oedema (raised more than 1 millimetre and extending beyond the area of exposure) 4

Any other skin reactions, if present were also recorded.
Individual bodyweights were recorded prior to application of the test item on Day 0 and on Days 7 and 14.
At the end of the study the animals were killed by cervical dislocation. All animals were subjected to gross necropsy. This consisted of an external examination and opening of the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The appearance of any macroscopic abnormalities was recorded. No tissues were retained.

Results and discussion

Effect levels
Sex:
male/female
Dose descriptor:
LD50
Effect level:
> 2 000 mg/kg bw
Based on:
test mat.
Mortality:
Individual mortality data are given in Table 1.
There were no deaths.

Clinical signs:
other: Individual clinical observations are given in Table 1. Red/brown staining around the snout was noted in one male four hours after dosing. No other signs of systemic toxicity were noted.
Gross pathology:
Individual necropsy findings are given in Table 5.
No abnormalities were noted at necropsy.
Other findings:
Dermal Reactions
Individual dermal reactions are given in Table 2 and Table 3 (attachment 1)
Very slight erythema was noted at the test sites of all animals. Crust formation was also noted at the test site of one female. All signs of dermal irritation were fully reversible within seven days.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Evaluation of Data

Data evaluations included the relationship, if any, between the exposure of the animal to the test item and the incidence and severity of all abnormalities including behavioural and clinical observations, gross lesions, bodyweight changes, mortality and any other toxicological effects.

Using the mortality data obtained, an estimate of the acute dermal median lethal dose (LD50) of the test item was made.

Table 1              Individual Clinical Observations and Mortality Data

Dose Level

mg/kg

Animal Number and Sex

Effects Noted After Initiation of Exposure (Hours)

Effects Noted After Initiation of Exposure (Days)

½

1

2

4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

2000

1-0

Male

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1-1

Male

0

0

0

Ss

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1-2

Male

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1-3

Male

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1-4

Male

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2-0

Female

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2-1

Female

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2-2

Female

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2-3

Female

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2-4

Female

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0= No signs of systemic toxicity                      Ss = Red/brown staining around the snout

Table 4              Individual Bodyweights and Weekly Bodyweight Changes

Dose Level mg/kg

Animal Number and Sex

Bodyweight (g) at Day

Bodyweight Change (g) During Week

0

7

14

1

2

2000

1-0 Male

286

274

294

-12

20

3-0 Male

288

296

309

8

13

3-1 Male

285

286

316

1

30

3-2 Male

392

390

414

-2

24

3-3 Male

323

317

341

-6

24

2-0 Female

212

214

217

2

3

4-0 Female

201

193

203

-8

10

4-1 Female

218

223

236

5

13

4-2 Female

238

232

240

-6

8

4-3 Female

236

231

236

-5

5

Table 5              Individual Necropsy Findings

Dose Level

mg/kg

Animal Number
and Sex

Time of Death

Macroscopic Observations

2000

1-0 Male

Killed Day 14

No abnormalities detected

3-0 Male

Killed Day 14

No abnormalities detected

3-1 Male

Killed Day 14

No abnormalities detected

3-2 Male

Killed Day 14

No abnormalities detected

3-3 Male

Killed Day 14

No abnormalities detected

2-0 Female

Killed Day 14

No abnormalities detected

4-0 Female

Killed Day 14

No abnormalities detected

4-1 Female

Killed Day 14

No abnormalities detected

4-2 Female

Killed Day 14

No abnormalities detected

4-3 Female

Killed Day 14

No abnormalities detected

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:
other: The acute dermal median lethal dose (LD50) of the test item in the Wistar strain rat was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg bodyweight.
Conclusions:
The acute dermal median lethal dose (LD50) of the test item in the Wistar strain rat was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg bodyweight.
Executive summary:

Introduction. The study was performed to assess the acute dermal toxicity of the test item in the Wistar strain rat. The method was designed to be compatible with the following:

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals No.402 "Acute Dermal Toxicity" (adopted 24 February 1987)

Method B3 Acute Toxicity (Dermal) of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008

Method. A group of ten animals (five males and five females) was given a single, 24 hour, semi‑occluded dermal application of the test item to intact skin at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg bodyweight. Clinical signs and bodyweight development were monitored during the study. All animals were subjected to gross necropsy.

Mortality. There were no deaths.

Clinical Observations. Red/brown staining around the snout was noted in one male four hours after dosing. No other signs of systemic toxicity were noted.

Dermal Irritation. Very slight erythema was noted at the test sites of all animals. Crust formation was also noted at the test site of one female. All signs of dermal irritation were fully reversible within seven days. 

Bodyweight. Six animals showed bodyweight loss during the first week but expected gain in bodyweight during the second week. The remaining animals showed expected gains in bodyweight over the study period.

Necropsy. No abnormalities were noted at necropsy.

Conclusion. The acute dermal median lethal dose (LD50) of the test item in the Wistar strain rat was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg bodyweight.