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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 202-509-5 | CAS number: 96-48-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 130 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 3
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 958 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 9
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEC
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 19 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
For acute inhalation toxicity (systemic effects), the DNEL of 958 mg/m3 was derived using a LOAEL of 5100 mg/m3 as the starting point. This starting point was chosen as the lowest, most relevant, and most reliable guideline study result suitable to prevent the critical effect of central nervous system depression (sedation). Consistent with Chapter R.8 (May 2008) of the REACH guidanceand with ECETOC Technical Report No. 86 (February 2003), a factor of 0.67 was used to modify the starting point to light work and an overall assessment factor of 9 was used and derived as follows: 1 for exposure duration, 1 for interspecies, 3 for intraspecies, 3 for LOAEL to NOAEL, and 1 for quality of the database. This value was then adjusted from a 4 hour exposure duration to a 15 minute duration using Haber's law where n= 3 and k was determined to be 1.317e10.
For long-term dermal systemic effects, the DNEL of 19 mg/kg bw/day was derived using a NOAEL of 225 mg/kg from a 2-year oral rat study as the starting point. This starting point was chosen as the lowest, most relevant, and most reliable guideline study result to prevent the critical effect of central nervous system depression (sedation). Consistent with Chapter R.8 (May 2008) of the REACH guidance and with ECETOC Technical Report No. 86 (February 2003), no additional adjustment to the starting point was needed and an overall assessment factor of 12 was used and derived as follows: 1 for exposure duration, 4 for interspecies, 3 for intraspecies, and 1 for quality of the database.
For long-term inhalation toxicity (systemic effects), the DNEL of 130 mg/m3 was derived using a NOAEL of 225 mg/kg from a 2-year oral rat study as the starting point. This starting point was chosen as the lowest, most relevant, and most reliable guideline study result to prevent the critical effect of central nervous system depression (sedation). Consistent with Chapter R.8 (May 2008) of the REACH guidanceand with ECETOC Technical Report No. 86 (February 2003), a factor of 1 was used to modify the starting point for absorption from oral to inhalation, 2.6 was used to modify the starting point from oral to 8hr inhalation exposure, and 0.67 was used to modify the starting point to light work, and an overall assessment factor of 3 was used and derived as follows: 1 for exposure duration, 1 for interspecies, 3 for intraspecies, and 1 for quality of the database.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

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