Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 215-481-4 | CAS number: 1327-53-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term (with study design considered suitable for long-term assessment)
- Remarks:
- test focusing on sensitive life stage (root elongation)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 6 day root elongation study with Lactuca sativa
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na3AsO4.12H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Remarks:
- only background concentration determined
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Test substance mixed with soil at 20% moisture content, air-dried, sieved and aged 2 weeks
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Test type:
- seed germination/root elongation toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- six soils tested
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 6 d
- Remarks:
- 14 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 25 °C for 14 h (day)
20 °C for 10 h (night) - pH:
- Six soils wit different pH tested
Jiaxing: 5.55
Qiyang: 4.48
Fengqiu: 7.91
Dezhou: 7.93
Tongzhou: 7.87
Hailun: 6.03 - Moisture:
- 20%
- Details on test conditions:
- Soil moisture was checked daily and maintained at 20% (v/w).
Each soil–plant–As treatment was run in triplicate.
The experiments were carried out in a growth chamber controlled with a 14:10-h light:dark photoperiod (260 – 350 umol m-2 s-1), a day/night temperature of 25/20 °C, and a relative humidity of 70%. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations:
Jiaxing: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, 300, 450, 675, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Qiyang: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, 300, 450, 675, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Fengqiu: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, and 300 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Dezhou: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, and 300 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Tongzhou: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, and 300 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Hailun: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, 300, 450, 675, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 200 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Jiaxing soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 300 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Jiaxing soil
- Key result
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 156.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Jiaxing soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 426.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Jiaxing soil
- Key result
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Qiyang soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 60 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Qiyang soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 20.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Qiyang soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 123.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Qiyang soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Fengqiu soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 30.47 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Fengqiu soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 64.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Fengqiu soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Dezhou soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 21.38 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Dezhou soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 59.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Dezhou soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 60 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Tongzhou soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 90 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Tongzhou soil
- Key result
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 71.89 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Tongzhou soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 104.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Tongzhou soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 90 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hailun soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 135 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hailun soil
- Key result
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 79.73 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hailun soil
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 185.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hailun soil
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- NOEC:
Test in Dunnett’s program, version 1.5 (in L184)
If a significant F value of p < 0.05 was obtained, Dunnett’s multiple comparison versus control group analysis was conducted.
EC50:
Calculation was performed by the regression method using SigmaPlotH 9.0 (SPSS).
A logistic formula with three parameters was chosen. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The 6 d EC10 values for the effect of arsenic to the root elongation of lactuca sativa in six different natural soils ranged from below the lowest test dose (40 mg As/kg soil dry weight) up to 156.4 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term (with study design considered suitable for long-term assessment)
- Remarks:
- test focusing on sensitive life stage (root elongation)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 6 day root elongation study with Triticum aestivum
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na3AsO4.12H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Remarks:
- only background concentration determined
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Test substance mixed with soil at 20% moisture content, air-dried, sieved and aged 2 weeks
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Test type:
- seed germination/root elongation toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- six soils tested
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 6 d
- Remarks:
- 14 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 25 °C for 14 h (day)
20 °C for 10 h (night) - pH:
- Six soils wit different pH tested
Jiaxing: 5.55
Qiyang: 4.48
Fengqiu: 7.91
Dezhou: 7.93
Tongzhou: 7.87
Hailun: 6.03 - Moisture:
- 20%
- Details on test conditions:
- Soil moisture was checked daily and maintained at 20% (v/w).
Each soil–plant–As treatment was run in triplicate.
The experiments were carried out in a growth chamber controlled with a 14:10-h light:dark photoperiod (260 – 350 umol m-2 s-1), a day/night temperature of 25/20 °C, and a relative humidity of 70%. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations:
Jiaxing: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, 300, 450, 675, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Qiyang: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, 300, 450, 675, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Fengqiu: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, and 300 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Dezhou: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, and 300 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Tongzhou: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, and 300 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Hailun: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, 300, 450, 675, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 200 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Jiaxing soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 300 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Jiaxing soil
- Key result
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 270 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Jiaxing soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 682.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Jiaxing soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 135 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Qiyang soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 200 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Qiyang soil
- Key result
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 170.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Qiyang soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 268.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Qiyang soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 90 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Fengqiu soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 135 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Fengqiu soil
- Key result
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 107.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Fengqiu soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 181.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Fengqiu soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 60 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Dezhou soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 90 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Dezhou soil
- Key result
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 78.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Dezhou soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 159.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Dezhou soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 60 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Tongzhou soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 90 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Tongzhou soil
- Key result
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 149 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Tongzhou soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 226.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Tongzhou soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 135 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hailun soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 200 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hailun soil
- Key result
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 145.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hailun soil
- Species:
- Triticum aestivum
- Duration:
- 6 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 337 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hailun soil
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- NOEC:
Test in Dunnett’s program, version 1.5 (in L184)
If a significant F value of p < 0.05 was obtained, Dunnett’s multiple comparison versus control group analysis was conducted.
EC50:
Calculation was performed by the regression method using SigmaPlotH 9.0 (SPSS).
A logistic formula with three parameters was chosen. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The 6 d EC10 values for the effect of arsenic to the root elongation of wheat in six different natural soils ranged between 78.9 and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term (with study design considered suitable for long-term assessment)
- Remarks:
- test focusing on sensitive life stage (root elongation)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 5 day root elongation test with Hordeum vulgare
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4·7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- not available
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- 0.5 kg soil spiked with 250 mL of Na2HAsO4.7H2O solution of 20 g As/L nominal (stock soil).
Stock soils then mixed with uncontaminated soil. - Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Test type:
- seed germination/root elongation toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- 3 soils tested
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 5 d
- Test temperature:
- 20°C at day (16h) and 16°C at night (8h)
- pH:
- Zimapan: 6.9
Pozos: 6.9
Taxco: 6.8 - Moisture:
- gravimetric moisture content of 0.2 L/kg
- Details on test conditions:
- Summer barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L.) were pre-germinated on moistened filter paper for 48 h, under dark conditions at 25°C. Three pre-germinated seedlings of a similar root length were selected and placed beneath the soil surface of each tube, covering the surface with a layer of polyethylene beads to reduce water loses by evaporation. All of the tubes were randomly placed in a growth chamber, with a 16–8 h day–night cycle (20–16 °C corresponding temperatures), a photosynthetic photon flux density of 570 μmol m−2 s−1, and a relative humidity at 75%. The plants were grown for 5 days. The tubes were watered daily by adding deionized water, and the water addition was controlled by weight.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured concentrations:
Zimapan: 240 (background), 380, 400, 530, 604, 850 en 1300 mg As/kg soil dw
Pozos: 22 (background), 52, 55, 80, 150, 250 en 470 mg As/kg soil dw
Taxco: 72 (background), 81, 95, 130, 180, 470 en 1100 mg As/kg soil dw - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 5 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 266.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- other: root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Zimapan (soil1)
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 5 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 407 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- other: root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Zimapan (soil1)
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 5 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 40.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- other: root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Pozos (soil2)
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 5 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 89.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- other: root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Pozos (soil2)
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 5 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose!
- Effect conc.:
- 5.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- other: root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Taxco (soil3)
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 5 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 20.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- other: root elongation
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Taxco (soil3)
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- log-logistic dose-response modelling
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- no guideline followed
- Conclusions:
- The 5 d EC10 for root elongation of barley amounted to 266.6 and 40.6 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil) in Zimapan and Pozos, two soils located in Central Mexico.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 150 d pot experiment on growth and reproduction of Oryza sativa (two different genotypes)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4.7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Remarks:
- only background concentration determined
- Details on sampling:
- Soil was sieved through 425 µm
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Soil spread on plastic sheets & sprayed with sodium arsenate in distilled water
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- genotype BR-1 and Basmati-385
- Test type:
- vegetative vigour test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Remarks:
- pot experiment in greenhouse
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- non contaminated near river bank soil from Pakistan
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 150 d
- Remarks:
- 42 d equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- not reported
- pH:
- 7.02
- Moisture:
- not reportedirem
- Details on test conditions:
- Healthy seeds of rice genotype BR-1 and Basmati-385 were surface sterilized and sown in germination trays for 3-4 weeks. After that, uniform and healthy seedlings were transplanted in pots prepared for rice transplants. Five seedlings/pot were transplanted and thinning was done after 2 weeks keeping 2 plants per pot for growth till grain stage. Plants were grown in the greenhouse for approximately 5 months with a 12/12 h light/dark cycle. Water levels were regularly adjusted by arsenic free irrigation water whenever needed and fertilizer was applied as per rice plant requirement with the dosage of nitrogen-phosphate-potassium at the rate of 140-80-65 kg/h . Growth parameters such as plant biomass, fresh and dry weights, number of panicles, panicles weight, and grain yield were measured at the time of harvest.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg As/kg soil dry weight.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 62.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- plant height
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- plant height
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- plant height
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Key result
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 27.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Key result
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 5.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Key result
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 20.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 1.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- grain yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Effect conc.:
- <= 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- grain yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BR-1
- Key result
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 24.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- plant height
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- plant height
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- plant height
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 7.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Key result
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 5.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 2.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 1.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: BAS-385
- Key result
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- grain yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 150 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- grain yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: genotype BAS-385
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Two way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05)
Log-logistic dose-response modelling based on data reproted in study. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Reliable NOEC or EC10 values from a 150 d pot experiment with two genotypes of rice range between 10 and 62.9 mg As/kg (based on added As concentrations in soil) depending on the genotype and basis for effect (shoot dry or fresh weight, shoot height, root dry or fresh weight and grain yield).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Remarks:
- Pot experiment
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 4 week pot experiment on growth of Cucumis sativus
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Remarks:
- only background concentration
- Details on sampling:
- not available
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- As solutions sprayed on a thin layer of soil and mixing
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Test type:
- early seedling growth toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Remarks:
- pot experiment in greenhouse
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 4 wk
- Remarks:
- 120 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 16 - 25 °C
- pH:
- Dublin: 7.31
Kersbrook: 4.45
Port Broughton: 7.73
Mount Gambier: 5.68
Millicent: 7.15
Tarrington: 4.92
Wallaroo: 7.66 - Moisture:
- 70% (w/w) of field capacity
- Details on test conditions:
- Cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) seeds were sown to plant pots (120 × 125 × 120 mm) in triplicate for each treatment of all soils in September 2013. Each pot was lined with fine nylon mesh and 300 g of air-dry soil added. Each pot was placed within a collecting tray to collect any excess leachate generated. High purity water was added (18.2 μΩ/cm) for watering. Plants were watered by weight to avoid drainage as much as possible and to reach approximately 70% of field capacity throughout the study. Sufficient seed was added to ensure germination. Plant numbers were later reduced to 4 plants per pot. Each soil treatment was replicated 3 times. Plants were grown for 4 weeks from sowing under greenhouse conditions (~16–25 °C).
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: from 0 to 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight depending on the soil properties:
Dublin: 10-250 mg As/kg (6 doses + control)
Kersbrook: 10-500 mg As/kg (7 doses + control)
Port Broughton: 5-100 mg As/kg (6 doses + control)
Mount Gambier: 10-1000 mg As/kg (8 doses + control)
Millicent: 20-1000 mg As/kg (6 doses + control)
Tarrington: 10-250 mg As/kg (6 doses + control)
Wallaroo: 10-250 mg As/kg (6 doses + control) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 27.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Dublin soil (Tenosol)
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 45.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Dublin
- Remarks:
- Tenosol
- Key result
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 49.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Kersbrook soil (Kurosol)
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 134.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Kersbrook
- Remarks:
- Kurosol
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 4.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Port Broughton soil (Tenosol)
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 17.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Port Broughton
- Remarks:
- Tenosol
- Key result
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 67 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Mont Gambier soil (Tenosol)
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 128.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Mount Gambier
- Remarks:
- Tenosol
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest dose tested
- Effect conc.:
- 9.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Millicent soil (Dermosol)
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 52.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Millicent
- Remarks:
- Dermosol
- Key result
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 115 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Tarrington soil (Ferrosol)
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 275.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Tarrington
- Remarks:
- Ferrosol
- Key result
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 14.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Wallaroo soil (Cacarosol)
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 34.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Wallaroo
- Remarks:
- Calcarosol
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10 values calculated from log-logistic dose-response modelling based on reported EC20 and EC50 values
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Reliable 28-day EC10 values for the effect of As to wheat growth in 7 Australian soils ranged between 14.8 and 115 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 60 d pot experiment on growth of Medicago sativa
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na₃AsO₄12H₂O
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- no soil sampling for measurement of the background and actual As concentrations performed
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- sodium arsenate solution thoroughly mixed into the soil
- Species:
- other: Medicago sativa
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Test type:
- vegetative vigour test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Remarks:
- pot experiment
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- farmland from the Daxing district of Beijing, China
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 60 d
- Remarks:
- 20 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 16h day at 25°C
8h night at 18°C - pH:
- 8.17
- Moisture:
- 75% of WHC
- Details on test conditions:
- Three seedlings were transplanted to each pot. The soil moisture content of the 75% water holding capacity was maintained by regularly weighing and adding de-ionized water throughout the experimental period. The experiment was carried out in a phytotron with 16 h/25 °C day, 8 h/18 °C night, and a light intensity of 700 μmol·m-2 s-1.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 10, 25, and 75 mg As/kg soil dry weight
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Medicago sativa
- Duration:
- 60 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Species:
- other: Medicago sativa
- Duration:
- 60 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 75 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Species:
- other: Medicago sativa
- Duration:
- 60 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root dry weight
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Duncan's multiple range test (p<=0.05)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- A reliable NOEC value of 25 mg As/kg soil (based on added As concentrations in soil) was derived for shoot growth in a 60 d pot experiment on the effect of arsenic to the growth of alfalfa. Root dry weight was significantly affected at the lowest test dose of 10 mg As/kg soil dry weight (unbounded LOEC) compared to in control soil.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Helianthus annuus
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4.7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- stock solutions of salt in water applied in different proportions, with different amounts of water, to obtain 50% of WHC
- Species:
- Helianthus annuus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Test type:
- early seedling growth toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- other: artificial & natural soil tested
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Remarks:
- no equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 25
- pH:
- Tropical artificial soil (TAS): 5.2
Natural red-yellow latosol: 4.4
Natural haplic cambisol: 4.6 - Moisture:
- 50 - 60% of WHC
- Details on test conditions:
- Cylindrical plastic pots (Ø 120 mm × 78 mm height) were filled with 500 g of dry soil.
Ecotoxicological tests were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light between the months of January and March. An average temperature of 25 ± 3 °C was kept by an electronic ventilation system. Over the experiment, soil moisture was maintained between 50 and 60% of the WHC by daily watering, compensating weight losses due to evapotranspiration (the increase of plant weight due to growth was considered negligible compared with soil weight). - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 8, 14.5, 26, 46.5, 84, 150, and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in tropical artificial soil: 3.1, 7.18, 14.3, 25.3, 40.6, 80.4, 148, and 260 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural red-yellow latosol: 2.43, 5.57, 12.0, 21.8, 40.1, 69.2, 134, and 247 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural haplic cambisol: 1.68, 7.87, 7.47, 22.7, 32.3, 87.4, 113, and 257 mg As/kg soil dry weight - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Species:
- Helianthus annuus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 16.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
- Species:
- Helianthus annuus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 24 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
- Key result
- Species:
- Helianthus annuus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 43 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural red-yellow latosol
- Species:
- Helianthus annuus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 81.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural red-yellow latosol
- Species:
- Helianthus annuus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 255.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural haplic cambisol
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10 calculated using log-logistic model (TRAP 1.21) based on reported EC20 and EC50 values.
Reported EC20 and EC50 values obtained according to Environment Canada 2005 (non-linear regression, best fit of exponential, Gompertz, hormesis and logistic models). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 21 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to growth of sunflower amounted to 16.3 and 43.0 mg As/kg soil dry weight in tropical artificial soil and natural red-yellow latosol, respectively (based on added As concentrations in soil).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Oryza sativa
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4.7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- stock solutions of salt in water applied in different proportions, with different amounts of water, to obtain 50% of WHC
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Test type:
- early seedling growth toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- other: artificial & natural soil tested
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Remarks:
- no equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 25
- pH:
- Tropical artificial soil (TAS): 5.2
Natural red-yellow latosol: 4.4
Natural haplic cambisol: 4.6 - Moisture:
- 50 - 60% of WHC
- Details on test conditions:
- Cylindrical plastic pots (Ø 120 mm × 78 mm height) were filled with 500 g of dry soil.
Ecotoxicological tests were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light between the months of January and March. An average temperature of 25 ± 3 °C was kept by an electronic ventilation system. Over the experiment, soil moisture was maintained between 50 and 60% of the WHC by daily watering, compensating weight losses due to evapotranspiration (the increase of plant weight due to growth was considered negligible compared with soil weight). - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 8, 14.5, 26, 46.5, 84, 150, and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in tropical artificial soil: 3.1, 7.18, 14.3, 25.3, 40.6, 80.4, 148, and 260 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural red-yellow latosol: 2.43, 5.57, 12.0, 21.8, 40.1, 69.2, 134, and 247 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural haplic cambisol: 1.68, 7.87, 7.47, 22.7, 32.3, 87.4, 113, and 257 mg As/kg soil dry weight - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 8.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 20.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
- Key result
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 38.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural red-yellow latosol
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 70.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural red-yellow latosol
- Key result
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 101.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural haplic cambisol
- Species:
- Oryza sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 187.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural haplic cambisol
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10 calculated using log-logistic model (TRAP 1.21) based on reported EC20 and EC50 values
Reported EC20 and EC50 values obtained according to Environment Canada 2005 (non-linear regression, best fit of exponential, Gompertz, hormesis and logistic models) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 21 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to growth of rice amounted to 8.9, 38.9 and 101.6 mg As/kg soil dry weight in tropical artificial soil, natural red-yellow latosol, and natural haplic cambisol, respectively (based on added As concentrations in soil).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Phaseolus vulgaris
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4.7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- stock solutions of salt in water applied in different proportions, with different amounts of water, to obtain 50% of WHC
- Species:
- Phaseolus vulgaris
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Test type:
- early seedling growth toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- other: artificial & natural soil tested
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Remarks:
- no equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 25
- pH:
- Tropical artificial soil (TAS): 5.2
Natural red-yellow latosol: 4.4
Natural haplic cambisol: 4.6 - Moisture:
- 50 - 60% of WHC
- Details on test conditions:
- Cylindrical plastic pots (Ø 120 mm × 78 mm height) were filled with 500 g of dry soil.
Ecotoxicological tests were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light between the months of January and March. An average temperature of 25 ± 3 °C was kept by an electronic ventilation system. Over the experiment, soil moisture was maintained between 50 and 60% of the WHC by daily watering, compensating weight losses due to evapotranspiration (the increase of plant weight due to growth was considered negligible compared with soil weight). - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 8, 14.5, 26, 46.5, 84, 150, and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in tropical artificial soil: 3.1, 7.18, 14.3, 25.3, 40.6, 80.4, 148, and 260 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural red-yellow latosol: 2.43, 5.57, 12.0, 21.8, 40.1, 69.2, 134, and 247 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural haplic cambisol: 1.68, 7.87, 7.47, 22.7, 32.3, 87.4, 113, and 257 mg As/kg soil dry weight - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- Phaseolus vulgaris
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- < 4.08 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
- Species:
- Phaseolus vulgaris
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- < 4.08 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
- Key result
- Species:
- Phaseolus vulgaris
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 8.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural red-yellow latosol
- Species:
- Phaseolus vulgaris
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 17.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural red-yellow latosol
- Key result
- Species:
- Phaseolus vulgaris
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 15.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural haplic cambisol
- Species:
- Phaseolus vulgaris
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 45 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural haplic cambisol
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10 calculated using log-logistic model (TRAP 1.21) based on reported EC20 and EC50 values
Reported EC20 and EC50 values obtained according to Environment Canada 2005 (non-linear regression, best fit of exponential, Gompertz, hormesis and logistic models) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 21 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to growth of common bean amounted to <4.08, 8.2 and 15.5 mg As/kg soil dry weight in tropical artificial soil, natural red-yellow latosol, and natural haplic cambisol, respectively (based on added As concentrations in soil).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Raphanus sativus
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4.7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- stock solutions of salt in water applied in different proportions, with different amounts of water, to obtain 50% of WHC
- Species:
- Raphanus sativus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Test type:
- early seedling growth toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- other: artificial & natural soil tested
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Remarks:
- no equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 25
- pH:
- Tropical artificial soil (TAS): 5.2
Natural red-yellow latosol: 4.4
Natural haplic cambisol: 4.6 - Moisture:
- 50 - 60% of WHC
- Details on test conditions:
- Cylindrical plastic pots (Ø 120 mm × 78 mm height) were filled with 500 g of dry soil.
Ecotoxicological tests were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light between the months of January and March. An average temperature of 25 ± 3 °C was kept by an electronic ventilation system. Over the experiment, soil moisture was maintained between 50 and 60% of the WHC by daily watering, compensating weight losses due to evapotranspiration (the increase of plant weight due to growth was considered negligible compared with soil weight). - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 8, 14.5, 26, 46.5, 84, 150, and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in tropical artificial soil: 3.1, 7.18, 14.3, 25.3, 40.6, 80.4, 148, and 260 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural red-yellow latosol: 2.43, 5.57, 12.0, 21.8, 40.1, 69.2, 134, and 247 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural haplic cambisol: 1.68, 7.87, 7.47, 22.7, 32.3, 87.4, 113, and 257 mg As/kg soil dry weight - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Species:
- Raphanus sativus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 15.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
- Species:
- Raphanus sativus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 38.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
- Key result
- Species:
- Raphanus sativus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 67.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural red-yellow latosol
- Species:
- Raphanus sativus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 92.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural red-yellow latosol
- Species:
- Raphanus sativus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 159.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural haplic cambisol
- Species:
- Raphanus sativus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 255.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural haplic cambisol
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10 calculated using log-logistic model (TRAP 1.21) based on reported EC20 and EC50 values
Reported EC20 and EC50 values obtained according to Environment Canada 2005 (non-linear regression, best fit of exponential, Gompertz, hormesis and logistic models) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 21 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to growth of radish amounted to 15.8 and 67.7 mg As/kg soil dry weight in tropical artificial soil and natural red-yellow latosol, respectively (based on added As concentrations in soil).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Sorghum bicolor
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4.7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- stock solutions of salt in water applied in different proportions, with different amounts of water, to obtain 50% of WHC
- Species:
- Sorghum bicolor
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Test type:
- early seedling growth toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- other: artificial & natural soil tested
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Remarks:
- no equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 25
- pH:
- Tropical artificial soil (TAS): 5.2
Natural red-yellow latosol: 4.4
Natural haplic cambisol: 4.6 - Moisture:
- 50 - 60% of WHC
- Details on test conditions:
- Cylindrical plastic pots (Ø 120 mm × 78 mm height) were filled with 500 g of dry soil.
Ecotoxicological tests were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light between the months of January and March. An average temperature of 25 ± 3 °C was kept by an electronic ventilation system. Over the experiment, soil moisture was maintained between 50 and 60% of the WHC by daily watering, compensating weight losses due to evapotranspiration (the increase of plant weight due to growth was considered negligible compared with soil weight). - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 8, 14.5, 26, 46.5, 84, 150, and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in tropical artificial soil: 3.1, 7.18, 14.3, 25.3, 40.6, 80.4, 148, and 260 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural red-yellow latosol: 2.43, 5.57, 12.0, 21.8, 40.1, 69.2, 134, and 247 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural haplic cambisol: 1.68, 7.87, 7.47, 22.7, 32.3, 87.4, 113, and 257 mg As/kg soil dry weight - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Species:
- Sorghum bicolor
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
- Species:
- Sorghum bicolor
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 35.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
- Key result
- Species:
- Sorghum bicolor
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 8.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural red-yellow latosol
- Species:
- Sorghum bicolor
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 58.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural red-yellow latosol
- Key result
- Species:
- Sorghum bicolor
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 94.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural haplic cambisol
- Species:
- Sorghum bicolor
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 181.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural haplic cambisol
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10 calculated using log-logistic model (TRAP 1.21) based on reported EC20 and EC50 values
Reported EC20 and EC50 values obtained according to Environment Canada 2005 (non-linear regression, best fit of exponential, Gompertz, hormesis and logistic models) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 21 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to growth of the grass species great millet amounted to 10.0, 8.4, and 94.7 mg As/kg soil dry weight in tropical artificial soil, natural red-yellow latosol, and natural haplic cambisol, respectively (based on added As concentrations in soil).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Zea mays
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4.7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- stock solutions of salt in water applied in different proportions, with different amounts of water, to obtain 50% of WHC
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Test type:
- early seedling growth toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- other: artificial & natural soil tested
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Remarks:
- no equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 25
- pH:
- Tropical artificial soil (TAS): 5.2
Natural red-yellow latosol: 4.4
Natural haplic cambisol: 4.6 - Moisture:
- 50 - 60% of WHC
- Details on test conditions:
- Cylindrical plastic pots (Ø 120 mm × 78 mm height) were filled with 500 g of dry soil.
Ecotoxicological tests were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light between the months of January and March. An average temperature of 25 ± 3 °C was kept by an electronic ventilation system. Over the experiment, soil moisture was maintained between 50 and 60% of the WHC by daily watering, compensating weight losses due to evapotranspiration (the increase of plant weight due to growth was considered negligible compared with soil weight). - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 8, 14.5, 26, 46.5, 84, 150, and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in tropical artificial soil: 3.1, 7.18, 14.3, 25.3, 40.6, 80.4, 148, and 260 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural red-yellow latosol: 2.43, 5.57, 12.0, 21.8, 40.1, 69.2, 134, and 247 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural haplic cambisol: 1.68, 7.87, 7.47, 22.7, 32.3, 87.4, 113, and 257 mg As/kg soil dry weight - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 18.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 446.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
- Key result
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 68.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural red-yellow latosol
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 140.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural red-yellow latosol
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 177.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural haplic cambisol
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 255.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- total dry mass
- Remarks on result:
- other: natural haplic cambisol
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10 calculated using log-logistic model (TRAP 1.21) based on reported EC20 and EC50 values
Reported EC20 and EC50 values obtained according to Environment Canada 2005 (non-linear regression, best fit of exponential, Gompertz, hormesis and logistic models) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 21 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to growth of mays amounted to 18.3 and 68.2 mg As/kg soil dry weight in tropical artificial soil and natural red-yellow latosol, respectively (based on added As concentrations in soil).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 56 d pot experiment on growth and photosynthesis of Zea mays
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4·7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Remarks:
- only background concentration measured
- Details on sampling:
- not available
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Air-dried and ground (< 2 mm) soil spiked with disodium arsenate
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Test type:
- early seedling growth toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Remarks:
- pot experiment in glasshouse
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- 2 soils (Narwala and Shahkot) from Punjab, Pakistan
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 56 d
- Remarks:
- 90 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- ambient conditions
- pH:
- Narwala sandy loam: 8.08
Shahkot clay loam: 8.22 - Moisture:
- 70% of field WHC
- Details on test conditions:
- The As-spiked soils were equilibrated for three months at 50% of field capacity, thus allowing enough redistribution time for As on soil exchange sites.
Each pot was filled with 2 kg of As-contaminated soil and replicated three times. The pots were internally lined with polyethylene sheet to avoid As leaching and moisture loss through the soil over the duration of experiment. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 40, 80, and 120 mg As/kg soil dry weight
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- plant height
- Remarks on result:
- other: Narwala sandy loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 10.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- plant height
- Remarks on result:
- other: Narwala sandy loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Narwala sandy loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 6.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Narwala sandy loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Narwala sandy loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 14.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Narwala sandy loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- other: net photosynthesis rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Narwala sandy loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 8.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- other: net photosynthesis rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Narwala sandy loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- plant height
- Remarks on result:
- other: Shahkot clay loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 80 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- plant height
- Remarks on result:
- other: Shahkot clay loam
- Key result
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 57.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- plant height
- Remarks on result:
- other: Shahkot clay loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Shahkot clay loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 4.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Shahkot clay loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Shahkot clay loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 12.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Shahkot clay loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- other: net photosynthesis rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Shahkot clay loam
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 29.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- other: net photosynthesis rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Shahkot clay loam
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- NOEC and LOEC: differences from control determined with Duncan's multiple range test (p=0.05)
EC10: log-logistic dose-response modelling (TRAP 1.21) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- An 56 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to the growth (plant height) of mays in a clay loam soil (Shahkot from Punjab, Pakistan) of 57.6 mg As/kg soil dry weight was derived (based on added As concentrations in soil).
In the other test soil (Narwala sandy loam from Punjab, Pakistan) and for all other growth parameters and the effect on photosynthesis rate, EC10 values were below the lowest concentration tested (40 mg As/kg soil dry weight - unbounded LOEC). - Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11269-2 (Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Part 2: Effects of contaminated soil on the emergence and early growth of higher plants)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4.7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- background concentration and nominal concentrations confirmed
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Test substance added as aqueous solution and mixed with soil
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Test type:
- early seedling growth toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- reference and sampled soils tested
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Remarks:
- 7 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 15 - 30 °C
- pH:
- LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 5.6
Refesol 05-G: 5.2
Refesol 06-A: 7.3
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 5.7
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 6.0
Zegveld - Histosol: 4.8 - Moisture:
- LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 34.5% of WHC
Refesol 05-G: 25.5% of WHC
Refesol 06-A: 24.3% of WHC
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 53.9% of WHC
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 23.5% of WHC
Zegveld - Histosol: 52.5% of WHC - Details on test conditions:
- The test vessels were stored in a climate chamber at 15 – 30 °C with a relative air humidity of 30 – 75%.
A day:night regime of 16 h:8 h was set. The minimal light intensity for daylight was 200 μE.
During the test, soil moisture in each individual vessel was checked daily and adjusted by adding the required amount of deionised water.
Depending on the test soil, fertilisation was needed. An equal volume of Substral® (7 mL/L H2O) was added to all replicates of each treatment and was determined after registration of the condition of the respective control plants. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations:
LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Refesol 05-G: 0, 15.625, 31.25, 61.5, 125, and 250 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Refesol 06-A: 0, 31.25, 61.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 0, 28.1, 56.25, 112.5, 225, and 450 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Zegveld - Histosol: 0, 28.1, 56.25, 112.5, 225, and 450 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured As concentrations are within 20% of nominal values. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: LUFA 2.2
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 27 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: LUFA 2.2
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Key result
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 18.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: LUFA 2.2
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 41.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: LUFA 2.2
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 15.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 05-G
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 31.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 05-G
- Key result
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 32.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 05-G
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 70.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 05-G
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 125 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 06-A
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 250 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 06-A
- Key result
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 134.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 06-A
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 221.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 06-A
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ter Munck
- Remarks:
- Haplic Luvisol
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ter Munck
- Remarks:
- Haplic Luvisol
- Key result
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 11.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ter Munck
- Remarks:
- Haplic Luvisol
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 37.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ter Munck
- Remarks:
- Haplic Luvisol
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 112.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Woburn
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 225 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Woburn
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Key result
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 102.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Woburn
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 238.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Woburn
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 56.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Zegveld
- Remarks:
- Histosol
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 112.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Zegveld
- Remarks:
- Histosol
- Key result
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 51.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Zegveld
- Remarks:
- Histosol
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 246.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Zegveld
- Remarks:
- Histosol
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Normality of the data:
checked with Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk's test
Variance homogeneity of the data:
Levene's or Cochran test
NOEC and LOEC:
- In case data of normal distribution, homoscedasticity and a monotone dose-response relationship: Williams' Multiple Sequential t-test
- In case of normal distribution and variance heterogeneinty: one-sided Welch's t-test
- In case of normal distribution and homoscedasticity, but absence of a monotone relationship: Dunnett's t-test
- In case data were not normally distributed, but homoscedastic: Jonckheere-Terpstra test
- In case data were not normally distributed and heteroscedastic: Bonferroni U-test
- In case data were not normally distributed and the dose-response relationship was not monotone: Bonferroni Median test
(α = 0.05)
ECx values were determined with both linear and non-linear regression models
It was checked for the best fit (R2, Chi2, AIC) after performing an F-test to control significance of the dose response relationship - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 14 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to the growth of oat in six different natural soils ranged between 11.6 and 134.2 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term (with study design considered suitable for long-term assessment)
- Remarks:
- test focusing on sensitive life stage (root elongation)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11269-1 (Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Part 1: Method for the measurement of inhibition of root growth)
- Version / remarks:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4.7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- background concentration and nominal concentrations confirmed
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Test substance added as aqueous solution and mixed with soil
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Test type:
- seed germination/root elongation toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- reference soils
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Remarks:
- 7 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 5.6
Refesol 05-G: 5.2
Refesol 06-A: 7.3 - Moisture:
- LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 55% of WHC
Refesol 05-G: 50% of WHC
Refesol 06-A: 35.2% of WHC - Details on test conditions:
- The test vessels were covered with foil (Parafilm®) and stored in a climate chamber at 20 °C with a relative air humidity of 30 – 75%.
A day:night regime of 16 h:8 h was set. The minimal light intensity for daylight was 200 μE. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations:
LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Refesol 05-G: 0, 15.625, 31.25, 61.5, 125, and 250 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Refesol 06-A: 0, 31.25, 61.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 0, 28.1, 56.25, 112.5, 225, and 450 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Zegveld - Histosol: 0, 28.1, 56.25, 112.5, 225, and 450 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured As concentrations are within 20% of nominal values. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: LUFA 2.2
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 80 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: LUFA 2.2
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 46.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: LUFA 2.2
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 156.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: LUFA 2.2
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 62.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 05-G
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 125 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 05-G
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 85.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 05-G
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 176.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 05-G
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 320 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 06-A
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 640 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 06-A
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 319.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 06-A
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 555.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 06-A
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Normality of the data:
checked with Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk's test
Variance homogeneity of the data:
Levene's or Cochran test
NOEC and LOEC:
- In case data of normal distribution, homoscedasticity and a monotone dose-response relationship: Williams' Multiple Sequential t-test
- In case of normal distribution and variance heterogeneinty: one-sided Welch's t-test
- In case of normal distribution and homoscedasticity, but absence of a monotone relationship: Dunnett's t-test
- In case data were not normally distributed, but homoscedastic: Jonckheere-Terpstra test
- In case data were not normally distributed and heteroscedastic: Bonferroni U-test
- In case data were not normally distributed and the dose-response relationship was not monotone: Bonferroni Median test
(α = 0.05)
ECx values were determined with both linear and non-linear regression models
It was checked for the best fit (R2, Chi2, AIC) after performing an F-test to control significance of the dose response relationship - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 4-d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to the root elongation of barley in three different natural soils ranged between 46.2 and 319.4 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO 11269-2 and OECD 208
- Version / remarks:
- Solanum lycopersicum
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4.7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- background concentration and nominal concentrations confirmed
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Test substance added as aqueous solution and mixed with soil
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Test type:
- early seedling growth toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- reference and sampled soils tested
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Remarks:
- 7 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 15 - 30 °C
- pH:
- LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 5.6
Refesol 05-G: 5.2
Refesol 06-A: 7.3
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 5.7
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 6.0
Zegveld - Histosol: 4.8 - Moisture:
- LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 34.5% of WHC
Refesol 05-G: 25.5% of WHC
Refesol 06-A: 24.3% of WHC
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 53.9% of WHC
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 23.5% of WHC
Zegveld - Histosol: 52.5% of WHC - Details on test conditions:
- The test vessels were stored in a climate chamber at 15 – 30 °C with a relative air humidity of 30 – 75%.
A day:night regime of 16 h:8 h was set. The minimal light intensity for daylight was 200 μE.
During the test, soil moisture in each individual vessel was checked daily and adjusted by adding the required amount of deionised water.
Depending on the test soil, fertilisation was needed. An equal volume of Substral® (7 mL/L H2O) was added to all replicates of each treatment and was determined after registration of the condition of the respective control plants. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations:
LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Refesol 05-G: 0, 15.625, 31.25, 61.5, 125, and 250 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Refesol 06-A: 0, 31.25, 61.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 0, 28.1, 56.25, 112.5, 225, and 450 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Zegveld - Histosol: 0, 2.4, 24, 120, 240, and 480 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured As concentrations are within 20% of nominal values. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: LUFA 2.2
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 27 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: LUFA 2.2
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 6.93 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: LUFA 2.2
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 41.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: LUFA 2.2
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 15.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 05-G
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 31.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 05-G
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 28.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 05-G
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 97.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 05-G
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 61.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 06-A
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 125 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 06-A
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 227.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 06-A
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 323.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Refesol 06-A
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ter Munck
- Remarks:
- Haplic Luvisol
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 27 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ter Munck
- Remarks:
- Haplic Luvisol
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 28.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ter Munck
- Remarks:
- Haplic Luvisol
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 95.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ter Munck
- Remarks:
- Haplic Luvisol
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 450 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Woburn
- Remarks:
- Dystric Cambisol
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 24 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Zegveld
- Remarks:
- Histosol
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 120 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Zegveld
- Remarks:
- Histosol
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 52.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Zegveld
- Remarks:
- Histosol
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 174.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- shoot fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: Zegveld
- Remarks:
- Histosol
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Normality of the data:
checked with Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk's test
Variance homogeneity of the data:
Levene's or Cochran test
NOEC and LOEC:
- In case data of normal distribution, homoscedasticity and a monotone dose-response relationship: Williams' Multiple Sequential t-test
- In case of normal distribution and variance heterogeneinty: one-sided Welch's t-test
- In case of normal distribution and homoscedasticity, but absence of a monotone relationship: Dunnett's t-test
- In case data were not normally distributed, but homoscedastic: Jonckheere-Terpstra test
- In case data were not normally distributed and heteroscedastic: Bonferroni U-test
- In case data were not normally distributed and the dose-response relationship was not monotone: Bonferroni Median test
(α = 0.05)
ECx values were determined with both linear and non-linear regression models
It was checked for the best fit (R2, Chi2, AIC) after performing an F-test to control significance of the dose response relationship - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 14-d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to the growth of tomato in five different natural soils ranged between 6.9 and 227.6 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil). In a sixth soil, no effect was observed at concentrations up to 450 mg As/kg soil dry weight (unbounded NOEC).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term (with study design considered suitable for long-term assessment)
- Remarks:
- test focusing on sensitive life stage (root elongation)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11269-1 (Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Part 1: Method for the measurement of inhibition of root growth)
- Version / remarks:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Na2HAsO4.7H2O
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Remarks:
- only background concentration
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Soils were air-dried, sieved to less than 4 mm, and stored in air-tight drums at ambient temperature until use.
The test substance was added as aqueous solution and mixed thoroughly with soil (soil moisture content raised to 70% of WHC with deionized water). - Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Test type:
- seed germination/root elongation toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Remarks:
- in a glasshouse
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- sixteen surface soils (0 - 20 cm depth) from eight European countries
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 4 d
- Remarks:
- 7 or 90 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
- Test temperature:
- 16 h daytime at 20 °C
8 h nighttime at 16 °C - pH:
- Aluminusa (Italy): 5.4
Brécy (France): 7.5
Cordoba I (Spain): 7.6
Guadalajara (Spain): 7.5
Kövlinge I (Sweden): 4.8
Marknesse (The Netherlands): 7.5
Montpellier (France): 5.2
Nottingham (UK): 3.4
Rhydtalog (UK): 4.2
Rots (France): 7.4
Souli I (Greece): 4.8
Souli II (Greece): 7.4
Ter Munck (Belgium): 6.8
Vault de Lugny (France): 7.3
Woburn (UK): 6.4
Zegveld (The Netherlands): 4.7 - Moisture:
- 70% of WHC
- Details on test conditions:
- The bioassay was carried out in a glasshouse under the following conditions:
16:8-h light:dark photoperiod
natural light supplemented with sodium-vapor lamps to maintain a minimum photon flux of 350 mmol/m/s
daytime temperature of 20 °C, nighttime temperature of 16 °C
60 to 70% relative humidity - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Aliminusa - Vertic Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 30 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Aliminusa - Vertic Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 71.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Aliminusa - Vertic Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 200.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Aliminusa - Vertic Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Brécy - Calcaric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 30 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Brécy - Calcaric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 148 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Brécy - Calcaric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 419.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Brécy - Calcaric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Cordoba I - Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 11.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Cordoba I - Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 44.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Cordoba I - Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 30 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Guadalajara - Calcic Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 60 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Guadalajara - Calcic Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 28.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Guadalajara - Calcic Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 71.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Guadalajara - Calcic Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Kövlinge I - Dystric Regosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 30 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Kövlinge I - Dystric Regosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 20.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Kövlinge I - Dystric Regosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 46.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Kövlinge I - Dystric Regosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Marknesse - Calcaric Fluvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 58.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Marknesse - Calcaric Fluvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 205 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Marknesse - Calcaric Fluvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Montpellier - Chromic Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 11.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Montpellier - Chromic Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 28.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Montpellier - Chromic Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Nottingham - Eutric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 18.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Nottingham - Eutric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 35.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Nottingham - Eutric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rhydtalog - Histosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 4.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rhydtalog - Histosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 26.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rhydtalog - Histosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rots - Haplic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 26.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rots - Haplic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 115.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rots - Haplic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Souli I - Chromic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 50.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Souli I - Chromic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 240.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Souli I - Chromic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Souli II - Rendzic Leptosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 49.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Souli II - Rendzic Leptosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 131.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Souli II - Rendzic Leptosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- EC10 < lowest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 13.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 56.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 125 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vault de Lugny - Stagnic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 250 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vault de Lugny - Stagnic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 206.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vault de Lugny - Stagnic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 458.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vault de Lugny - Stagnic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 30 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Woburn - Dystric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 60 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Woburn - Dystric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 57 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Woburn - Dystric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 328.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Woburn - Dystric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 15 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Zegveld - Histosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 27.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Zegveld - Histosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 195.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Zegveld - Histosol
- Remarks:
- 7 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 16.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rhydtalog - Histosol
- Remarks:
- 90 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 75.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rhydtalog - Histosol
- Remarks:
- 90 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 106.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rots - Haplic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 90 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 229.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rots - Haplic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 90 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 489 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vault de Lugny - Stagnic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 90 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- EC50 > highest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 1 025.8 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vault de Lugny - Stagnic Luvisol
- Remarks:
- 90 d aging
- Key result
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 704 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Woburn - Dystric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 90 d aging
- Species:
- Hordeum vulgare
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- EC50 > highest test dose
- Effect conc.:
- 1 165.3 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- As (added dose)
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- root length
- Remarks on result:
- other: Woburn - Dystric Cambisol
- Remarks:
- 90 d aging
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not available
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- NOEC and LOEC derived with Duncan's multiple range test (p<0.05)
Effect concentrations derived from log-logistic dose-response modelling - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The reliable 4-d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to root elongation of barley varied from 16.3 to 704.0 mg As/kg in sixteen different European soils (based on added As concentrations in soil). Arsenate phytotoxicity decreased significantly when extending the aging time from 7 days to three months and the longest equilibration time was considered most relevant.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
In total, 67 reliable EC10 or NOEC values for chronic arsenic toxicity to terrestrial plants were retrieved from 9 publications. All data were derived from soils amended with trisodium arsenate or disodium hydrogen arsenate salts. These data cover various endpoints (shoot and root yield, root elongation, grain yield) for 13 different plant species (Avena sativa, Cucumis sativus, Helianthus annuus, Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa, Medicago sativa, Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Raphanus sativus, Solanum lycopersicum, Sorghum bicolor, Triticum aestivum and Zea mays) from 6 different families (Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae). Reliable NOEC and EC10 values vary between 6.9 mg As/kg dw for Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) shoot yield and 704 mg As/kg dw for Hordeum vulgare (barley) root elongation. All NOEC and EC10 values are expressed based on added elemental As concentrations in soil. All reliable NOEC and EC10 values were taken forward to the derivation of the PNEC according to the statistical extrapolation approach.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
