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Toxicity to terrestrial plants

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Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term (with study design considered suitable for long-term assessment)
Remarks:
test focusing on sensitive life stage (root elongation)
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
6 day root elongation study with Lactuca sativa
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na3AsO4.12H2O
Analytical monitoring:
no
Remarks:
only background concentration determined
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
Test substance mixed with soil at 20% moisture content, air-dried, sieved and aged 2 weeks
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Test type:
seed germination/root elongation toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
natural soil
Remarks:
six soils tested
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
6 d
Remarks:
14 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
25 °C for 14 h (day)
20 °C for 10 h (night)
pH:
Six soils wit different pH tested
Jiaxing: 5.55
Qiyang: 4.48
Fengqiu: 7.91
Dezhou: 7.93
Tongzhou: 7.87
Hailun: 6.03
Moisture:
20%
Details on test conditions:
Soil moisture was checked daily and maintained at 20% (v/w).
Each soil–plant–As treatment was run in triplicate.
The experiments were carried out in a growth chamber controlled with a 14:10-h light:dark photoperiod (260 – 350 umol m-2 s-1), a day/night temperature of 25/20 °C, and a relative humidity of 70%.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentrations:

Jiaxing: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, 300, 450, 675, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Qiyang: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, 300, 450, 675, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Fengqiu: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, and 300 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Dezhou: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, and 300 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Tongzhou: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, and 300 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Hailun: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, 300, 450, 675, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
200 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Jiaxing soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
300 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Jiaxing soil
Key result
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
156.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Jiaxing soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
426.5 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Jiaxing soil
Key result
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
40 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Qiyang soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
60 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Qiyang soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
20.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Qiyang soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
123.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Qiyang soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 40 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Fengqiu soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
30.47 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Fengqiu soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
64.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Fengqiu soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 40 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Dezhou soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
21.38 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Dezhou soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
59.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Dezhou soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
60 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Tongzhou soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
90 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Tongzhou soil
Key result
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
71.89 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Tongzhou soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
104.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Tongzhou soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
90 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Hailun soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
135 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Hailun soil
Key result
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
79.73 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Hailun soil
Species:
Lactuca sativa
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
185.5 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Hailun soil
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not applicable
Reported statistics and error estimates:
NOEC:
Test in Dunnett’s program, version 1.5 (in L184)
If a significant F value of p < 0.05 was obtained, Dunnett’s multiple comparison versus control group analysis was conducted.

EC50:
Calculation was performed by the regression method using SigmaPlotH 9.0 (SPSS).
A logistic formula with three parameters was chosen.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
not applicable
Conclusions:
The 6 d EC10 values for the effect of arsenic to the root elongation of lactuca sativa in six different natural soils ranged from below the lowest test dose (40 mg As/kg soil dry weight) up to 156.4 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term (with study design considered suitable for long-term assessment)
Remarks:
test focusing on sensitive life stage (root elongation)
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
6 day root elongation study with Triticum aestivum
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na3AsO4.12H2O
Analytical monitoring:
no
Remarks:
only background concentration determined
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
Test substance mixed with soil at 20% moisture content, air-dried, sieved and aged 2 weeks
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Test type:
seed germination/root elongation toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
natural soil
Remarks:
six soils tested
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
6 d
Remarks:
14 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
25 °C for 14 h (day)
20 °C for 10 h (night)
pH:
Six soils wit different pH tested
Jiaxing: 5.55
Qiyang: 4.48
Fengqiu: 7.91
Dezhou: 7.93
Tongzhou: 7.87
Hailun: 6.03
Moisture:
20%
Details on test conditions:
Soil moisture was checked daily and maintained at 20% (v/w).
Each soil–plant–As treatment was run in triplicate.
The experiments were carried out in a growth chamber controlled with a 14:10-h light:dark photoperiod (260 – 350 umol m-2 s-1), a day/night temperature of 25/20 °C, and a relative humidity of 70%.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentrations:

Jiaxing: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, 300, 450, 675, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Qiyang: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, 300, 450, 675, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Fengqiu: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, and 300 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Dezhou: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, and 300 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Tongzhou: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, and 300 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Hailun: 0, 40, 60, 90, 135, 200, 300, 450, 675, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
200 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Jiaxing soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
300 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Jiaxing soil
Key result
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
270 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Jiaxing soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
682.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Jiaxing soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
135 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Qiyang soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
200 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Qiyang soil
Key result
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
170.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Qiyang soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
268.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Qiyang soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
90 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Fengqiu soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
135 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Fengqiu soil
Key result
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
107.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Fengqiu soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
181.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Fengqiu soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
60 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Dezhou soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
90 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Dezhou soil
Key result
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
78.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Dezhou soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
159.1 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Dezhou soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
60 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Tongzhou soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
90 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Tongzhou soil
Key result
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
149 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Tongzhou soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
226.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Tongzhou soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
135 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Hailun soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
200 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Hailun soil
Key result
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
145.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Hailun soil
Species:
Triticum aestivum
Duration:
6 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
337 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root elongation
Remarks on result:
other: Hailun soil
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not applicable
Reported statistics and error estimates:
NOEC:
Test in Dunnett’s program, version 1.5 (in L184)
If a significant F value of p < 0.05 was obtained, Dunnett’s multiple comparison versus control group analysis was conducted.

EC50:
Calculation was performed by the regression method using SigmaPlotH 9.0 (SPSS).
A logistic formula with three parameters was chosen.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
not applicable
Conclusions:
The 6 d EC10 values for the effect of arsenic to the root elongation of wheat in six different natural soils ranged between 78.9 and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term (with study design considered suitable for long-term assessment)
Remarks:
test focusing on sensitive life stage (root elongation)
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Principles of method if other than guideline:
5 day root elongation test with Hordeum vulgare
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4·7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
not available
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
0.5 kg soil spiked with 250 mL of Na2HAsO4.7H2O solution of 20 g As/L nominal (stock soil).
Stock soils then mixed with uncontaminated soil.
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Test type:
seed germination/root elongation toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
natural soil
Remarks:
3 soils tested
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
5 d
Test temperature:
20°C at day (16h) and 16°C at night (8h)
pH:
Zimapan: 6.9
Pozos: 6.9
Taxco: 6.8
Moisture:
gravimetric moisture content of 0.2 L/kg
Details on test conditions:
Summer barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L.) were pre-germinated on moistened filter paper for 48 h, under dark conditions at 25°C. Three pre-germinated seedlings of a similar root length were selected and placed beneath the soil surface of each tube, covering the surface with a layer of polyethylene beads to reduce water loses by evaporation. All of the tubes were randomly placed in a growth chamber, with a 16–8 h day–night cycle (20–16 °C corresponding temperatures), a photosynthetic photon flux density of 570 μmol m−2 s−1, and a relative humidity at 75%. The plants were grown for 5 days. The tubes were watered daily by adding deionized water, and the water addition was controlled by weight.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Measured concentrations:
Zimapan: 240 (background), 380, 400, 530, 604, 850 en 1300 mg As/kg soil dw
Pozos: 22 (background), 52, 55, 80, 150, 250 en 470 mg As/kg soil dw
Taxco: 72 (background), 81, 95, 130, 180, 470 en 1100 mg As/kg soil dw
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
5 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
266.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Zimapan (soil1)
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
5 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
407 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Zimapan (soil1)
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
5 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
40.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Pozos (soil2)
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
5 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
89.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Pozos (soil2)
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
5 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose!
Effect conc.:
5.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Taxco (soil3)
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
5 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
20.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
other: root elongation
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Taxco (soil3)
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
log-logistic dose-response modelling
Validity criteria fulfilled:
not applicable
Remarks:
no guideline followed
Conclusions:
The 5 d EC10 for root elongation of barley amounted to 266.6 and 40.6 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil) in Zimapan and Pozos, two soils located in Central Mexico.
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
150 d pot experiment on growth and reproduction of Oryza sativa (two different genotypes)
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4.7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
no
Remarks:
only background concentration determined
Details on sampling:
Soil was sieved through 425 µm
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
Soil spread on plastic sheets & sprayed with sodium arsenate in distilled water
Species:
Oryza sativa
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Details on test organisms:
genotype BR-1 and Basmati-385
Test type:
vegetative vigour test
Study type:
laboratory study
Remarks:
pot experiment in greenhouse
Substrate type:
natural soil
Remarks:
non contaminated near river bank soil from Pakistan
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
150 d
Remarks:
42 d equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
not reported
pH:
7.02
Moisture:
not reportedirem
Details on test conditions:
Healthy seeds of rice genotype BR-1 and Basmati-385 were surface sterilized and sown in germination trays for 3-4 weeks. After that, uniform and healthy seedlings were transplanted in pots prepared for rice transplants. Five seedlings/pot were transplanted and thinning was done after 2 weeks keeping 2 plants per pot for growth till grain stage. Plants were grown in the greenhouse for approximately 5 months with a 12/12 h light/dark cycle. Water levels were regularly adjusted by arsenic free irrigation water whenever needed and fertilizer was applied as per rice plant requirement with the dosage of nitrogen-phosphate-potassium at the rate of 140-80-65 kg/h . Growth parameters such as plant biomass, fresh and dry weights, number of panicles, panicles weight, and grain yield were measured at the time of harvest.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg As/kg soil dry weight.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
62.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
plant height
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
50 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
plant height
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
100 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
plant height
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
27.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
25 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
50 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
10 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
25 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
5.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 10 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
20.1 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
10 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
25 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
1.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
grain yield
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Effect conc.:
<= 10 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
grain yield
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BR-1
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
24.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
plant height
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
10 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
plant height
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
25 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
plant height
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
7.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
10 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
25 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
5.1 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 10 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
2.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 10 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
1.1 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 10 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: BAS-385
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
10 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
grain yield
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
150 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
25 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
grain yield
Remarks on result:
other: genotype BAS-385
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
Two way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05)
Log-logistic dose-response modelling based on data reproted in study.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
not applicable
Conclusions:
Reliable NOEC or EC10 values from a 150 d pot experiment with two genotypes of rice range between 10 and 62.9 mg As/kg (based on added As concentrations in soil) depending on the genotype and basis for effect (shoot dry or fresh weight, shoot height, root dry or fresh weight and grain yield).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Remarks:
Pot experiment
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
4 week pot experiment on growth of Cucumis sativus
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4
Analytical monitoring:
no
Remarks:
only background concentration
Details on sampling:
not available
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
As solutions sprayed on a thin layer of soil and mixing
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Test type:
early seedling growth toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Remarks:
pot experiment in greenhouse
Substrate type:
natural soil
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
4 wk
Remarks:
120 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
16 - 25 °C
pH:
Dublin: 7.31
Kersbrook: 4.45
Port Broughton: 7.73
Mount Gambier: 5.68
Millicent: 7.15
Tarrington: 4.92
Wallaroo: 7.66
Moisture:
70% (w/w) of field capacity
Details on test conditions:
Cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) seeds were sown to plant pots (120 × 125 × 120 mm) in triplicate for each treatment of all soils in September 2013. Each pot was lined with fine nylon mesh and 300 g of air-dry soil added. Each pot was placed within a collecting tray to collect any excess leachate generated. High purity water was added (18.2 μΩ/cm) for watering. Plants were watered by weight to avoid drainage as much as possible and to reach approximately 70% of field capacity throughout the study. Sufficient seed was added to ensure germination. Plant numbers were later reduced to 4 plants per pot. Each soil treatment was replicated 3 times. Plants were grown for 4 weeks from sowing under greenhouse conditions (~16–25 °C).
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: from 0 to 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight depending on the soil properties:
Dublin: 10-250 mg As/kg (6 doses + control)
Kersbrook: 10-500 mg As/kg (7 doses + control)
Port Broughton: 5-100 mg As/kg (6 doses + control)
Mount Gambier: 10-1000 mg As/kg (8 doses + control)
Millicent: 20-1000 mg As/kg (6 doses + control)
Tarrington: 10-250 mg As/kg (6 doses + control)
Wallaroo: 10-250 mg As/kg (6 doses + control)
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
27.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Dublin soil (Tenosol)
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
45.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Dublin
Remarks:
Tenosol
Key result
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
49.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Kersbrook soil (Kurosol)
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
134.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Kersbrook
Remarks:
Kurosol
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10
Effect conc.:
4.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Port Broughton soil (Tenosol)
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
17.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Port Broughton
Remarks:
Tenosol
Key result
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
67 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Mont Gambier soil (Tenosol)
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
128.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Mount Gambier
Remarks:
Tenosol
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest dose tested
Effect conc.:
9.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Millicent soil (Dermosol)
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
52.5 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Millicent
Remarks:
Dermosol
Key result
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
115 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Tarrington soil (Ferrosol)
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
275.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Tarrington
Remarks:
Ferrosol
Key result
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
14.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Wallaroo soil (Cacarosol)
Species:
Cucumis sativus
Duration:
28 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
34.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Wallaroo
Remarks:
Calcarosol
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
EC10 values calculated from log-logistic dose-response modelling based on reported EC20 and EC50 values
Validity criteria fulfilled:
not applicable
Conclusions:
Reliable 28-day EC10 values for the effect of As to wheat growth in 7 Australian soils ranged between 14.8 and 115 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
60 d pot experiment on growth of Medicago sativa
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na₃AsO₄12H₂O
Analytical monitoring:
no
Details on sampling:
no soil sampling for measurement of the background and actual As concentrations performed
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
sodium arsenate solution thoroughly mixed into the soil
Species:
other: Medicago sativa
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Test type:
vegetative vigour test
Study type:
laboratory study
Remarks:
pot experiment
Substrate type:
natural soil
Remarks:
farmland from the Daxing district of Beijing, China
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
60 d
Remarks:
20 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
16h day at 25°C
8h night at 18°C
pH:
8.17
Moisture:
75% of WHC
Details on test conditions:
Three seedlings were transplanted to each pot. The soil moisture content of the 75% water holding capacity was maintained by regularly weighing and adding de-ionized water throughout the experimental period. The experiment was carried out in a phytotron with 16 h/25 °C day, 8 h/18 °C night, and a light intensity of 700 μmol·m-2 s-1.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
0, 10, 25, and 75 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Species:
other: Medicago sativa
Duration:
60 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
25 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Species:
other: Medicago sativa
Duration:
60 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
75 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Species:
other: Medicago sativa
Duration:
60 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 10 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root dry weight
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
Duncan's multiple range test (p<=0.05)
Validity criteria fulfilled:
not applicable
Conclusions:
A reliable NOEC value of 25 mg As/kg soil (based on added As concentrations in soil) was derived for shoot growth in a 60 d pot experiment on the effect of arsenic to the growth of alfalfa. Root dry weight was significantly affected at the lowest test dose of 10 mg As/kg soil dry weight (unbounded LOEC) compared to in control soil.
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
Version / remarks:
Helianthus annuus
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4.7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
stock solutions of salt in water applied in different proportions, with different amounts of water, to obtain 50% of WHC
Species:
Helianthus annuus
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Test type:
early seedling growth toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
other: artificial & natural soil tested
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d
Remarks:
no equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
25
pH:
Tropical artificial soil (TAS): 5.2
Natural red-yellow latosol: 4.4
Natural haplic cambisol: 4.6
Moisture:
50 - 60% of WHC
Details on test conditions:
Cylindrical plastic pots (Ø 120 mm × 78 mm height) were filled with 500 g of dry soil.
Ecotoxicological tests were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light between the months of January and March. An average temperature of 25 ± 3 °C was kept by an electronic ventilation system. Over the experiment, soil moisture was maintained between 50 and 60% of the WHC by daily watering, compensating weight losses due to evapotranspiration (the increase of plant weight due to growth was considered negligible compared with soil weight).
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 8, 14.5, 26, 46.5, 84, 150, and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in tropical artificial soil: 3.1, 7.18, 14.3, 25.3, 40.6, 80.4, 148, and 260 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural red-yellow latosol: 2.43, 5.57, 12.0, 21.8, 40.1, 69.2, 134, and 247 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural haplic cambisol: 1.68, 7.87, 7.47, 22.7, 32.3, 87.4, 113, and 257 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Species:
Helianthus annuus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
16.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
Species:
Helianthus annuus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
24 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
Key result
Species:
Helianthus annuus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
43 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural red-yellow latosol
Species:
Helianthus annuus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
81.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural red-yellow latosol
Species:
Helianthus annuus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 255.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural haplic cambisol
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
EC10 calculated using log-logistic model (TRAP 1.21) based on reported EC20 and EC50 values.
Reported EC20 and EC50 values obtained according to Environment Canada 2005 (non-linear regression, best fit of exponential, Gompertz, hormesis and logistic models).
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The 21 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to growth of sunflower amounted to 16.3 and 43.0 mg As/kg soil dry weight in tropical artificial soil and natural red-yellow latosol, respectively (based on added As concentrations in soil).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
Version / remarks:
Oryza sativa
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4.7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
stock solutions of salt in water applied in different proportions, with different amounts of water, to obtain 50% of WHC
Species:
Oryza sativa
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Test type:
early seedling growth toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
other: artificial & natural soil tested
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d
Remarks:
no equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
25
pH:
Tropical artificial soil (TAS): 5.2
Natural red-yellow latosol: 4.4
Natural haplic cambisol: 4.6
Moisture:
50 - 60% of WHC
Details on test conditions:
Cylindrical plastic pots (Ø 120 mm × 78 mm height) were filled with 500 g of dry soil.
Ecotoxicological tests were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light between the months of January and March. An average temperature of 25 ± 3 °C was kept by an electronic ventilation system. Over the experiment, soil moisture was maintained between 50 and 60% of the WHC by daily watering, compensating weight losses due to evapotranspiration (the increase of plant weight due to growth was considered negligible compared with soil weight).
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 8, 14.5, 26, 46.5, 84, 150, and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in tropical artificial soil: 3.1, 7.18, 14.3, 25.3, 40.6, 80.4, 148, and 260 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural red-yellow latosol: 2.43, 5.57, 12.0, 21.8, 40.1, 69.2, 134, and 247 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural haplic cambisol: 1.68, 7.87, 7.47, 22.7, 32.3, 87.4, 113, and 257 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
8.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
20.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
38.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural red-yellow latosol
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
70.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural red-yellow latosol
Key result
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
101.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural haplic cambisol
Species:
Oryza sativa
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
187.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural haplic cambisol
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
EC10 calculated using log-logistic model (TRAP 1.21) based on reported EC20 and EC50 values
Reported EC20 and EC50 values obtained according to Environment Canada 2005 (non-linear regression, best fit of exponential, Gompertz, hormesis and logistic models)
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The 21 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to growth of rice amounted to 8.9, 38.9 and 101.6 mg As/kg soil dry weight in tropical artificial soil, natural red-yellow latosol, and natural haplic cambisol, respectively (based on added As concentrations in soil).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
Version / remarks:
Phaseolus vulgaris
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4.7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
stock solutions of salt in water applied in different proportions, with different amounts of water, to obtain 50% of WHC
Species:
Phaseolus vulgaris
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Test type:
early seedling growth toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
other: artificial & natural soil tested
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d
Remarks:
no equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
25
pH:
Tropical artificial soil (TAS): 5.2
Natural red-yellow latosol: 4.4
Natural haplic cambisol: 4.6
Moisture:
50 - 60% of WHC
Details on test conditions:
Cylindrical plastic pots (Ø 120 mm × 78 mm height) were filled with 500 g of dry soil.
Ecotoxicological tests were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light between the months of January and March. An average temperature of 25 ± 3 °C was kept by an electronic ventilation system. Over the experiment, soil moisture was maintained between 50 and 60% of the WHC by daily watering, compensating weight losses due to evapotranspiration (the increase of plant weight due to growth was considered negligible compared with soil weight).
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 8, 14.5, 26, 46.5, 84, 150, and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in tropical artificial soil: 3.1, 7.18, 14.3, 25.3, 40.6, 80.4, 148, and 260 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural red-yellow latosol: 2.43, 5.57, 12.0, 21.8, 40.1, 69.2, 134, and 247 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural haplic cambisol: 1.68, 7.87, 7.47, 22.7, 32.3, 87.4, 113, and 257 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Species:
Phaseolus vulgaris
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
< 4.08 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
Species:
Phaseolus vulgaris
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
< 4.08 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
Key result
Species:
Phaseolus vulgaris
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
8.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural red-yellow latosol
Species:
Phaseolus vulgaris
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
17.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural red-yellow latosol
Key result
Species:
Phaseolus vulgaris
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
15.5 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural haplic cambisol
Species:
Phaseolus vulgaris
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
45 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural haplic cambisol
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
EC10 calculated using log-logistic model (TRAP 1.21) based on reported EC20 and EC50 values
Reported EC20 and EC50 values obtained according to Environment Canada 2005 (non-linear regression, best fit of exponential, Gompertz, hormesis and logistic models)
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The 21 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to growth of common bean amounted to <4.08, 8.2 and 15.5 mg As/kg soil dry weight in tropical artificial soil, natural red-yellow latosol, and natural haplic cambisol, respectively (based on added As concentrations in soil).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
Version / remarks:
Raphanus sativus
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4.7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
stock solutions of salt in water applied in different proportions, with different amounts of water, to obtain 50% of WHC
Species:
Raphanus sativus
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Test type:
early seedling growth toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
other: artificial & natural soil tested
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d
Remarks:
no equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
25
pH:
Tropical artificial soil (TAS): 5.2
Natural red-yellow latosol: 4.4
Natural haplic cambisol: 4.6
Moisture:
50 - 60% of WHC
Details on test conditions:
Cylindrical plastic pots (Ø 120 mm × 78 mm height) were filled with 500 g of dry soil.
Ecotoxicological tests were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light between the months of January and March. An average temperature of 25 ± 3 °C was kept by an electronic ventilation system. Over the experiment, soil moisture was maintained between 50 and 60% of the WHC by daily watering, compensating weight losses due to evapotranspiration (the increase of plant weight due to growth was considered negligible compared with soil weight).
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 8, 14.5, 26, 46.5, 84, 150, and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in tropical artificial soil: 3.1, 7.18, 14.3, 25.3, 40.6, 80.4, 148, and 260 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural red-yellow latosol: 2.43, 5.57, 12.0, 21.8, 40.1, 69.2, 134, and 247 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural haplic cambisol: 1.68, 7.87, 7.47, 22.7, 32.3, 87.4, 113, and 257 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Species:
Raphanus sativus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
15.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
Species:
Raphanus sativus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
38.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
Key result
Species:
Raphanus sativus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
67.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural red-yellow latosol
Species:
Raphanus sativus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
92.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural red-yellow latosol
Species:
Raphanus sativus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
other: EC20
Effect conc.:
159.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural haplic cambisol
Species:
Raphanus sativus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 255.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural haplic cambisol
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
EC10 calculated using log-logistic model (TRAP 1.21) based on reported EC20 and EC50 values
Reported EC20 and EC50 values obtained according to Environment Canada 2005 (non-linear regression, best fit of exponential, Gompertz, hormesis and logistic models)
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The 21 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to growth of radish amounted to 15.8 and 67.7 mg As/kg soil dry weight in tropical artificial soil and natural red-yellow latosol, respectively (based on added As concentrations in soil).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
Version / remarks:
Sorghum bicolor
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4.7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
stock solutions of salt in water applied in different proportions, with different amounts of water, to obtain 50% of WHC
Species:
Sorghum bicolor
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Test type:
early seedling growth toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
other: artificial & natural soil tested
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d
Remarks:
no equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
25
pH:
Tropical artificial soil (TAS): 5.2
Natural red-yellow latosol: 4.4
Natural haplic cambisol: 4.6
Moisture:
50 - 60% of WHC
Details on test conditions:
Cylindrical plastic pots (Ø 120 mm × 78 mm height) were filled with 500 g of dry soil.
Ecotoxicological tests were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light between the months of January and March. An average temperature of 25 ± 3 °C was kept by an electronic ventilation system. Over the experiment, soil moisture was maintained between 50 and 60% of the WHC by daily watering, compensating weight losses due to evapotranspiration (the increase of plant weight due to growth was considered negligible compared with soil weight).
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 8, 14.5, 26, 46.5, 84, 150, and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in tropical artificial soil: 3.1, 7.18, 14.3, 25.3, 40.6, 80.4, 148, and 260 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural red-yellow latosol: 2.43, 5.57, 12.0, 21.8, 40.1, 69.2, 134, and 247 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural haplic cambisol: 1.68, 7.87, 7.47, 22.7, 32.3, 87.4, 113, and 257 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Species:
Sorghum bicolor
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
10 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
Species:
Sorghum bicolor
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
35.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
Key result
Species:
Sorghum bicolor
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
8.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural red-yellow latosol
Species:
Sorghum bicolor
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
58.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural red-yellow latosol
Key result
Species:
Sorghum bicolor
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
94.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural haplic cambisol
Species:
Sorghum bicolor
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
181.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural haplic cambisol
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
EC10 calculated using log-logistic model (TRAP 1.21) based on reported EC20 and EC50 values
Reported EC20 and EC50 values obtained according to Environment Canada 2005 (non-linear regression, best fit of exponential, Gompertz, hormesis and logistic models)
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The 21 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to growth of the grass species great millet amounted to 10.0, 8.4, and 94.7 mg As/kg soil dry weight in tropical artificial soil, natural red-yellow latosol, and natural haplic cambisol, respectively (based on added As concentrations in soil).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
Version / remarks:
Zea mays
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4.7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
stock solutions of salt in water applied in different proportions, with different amounts of water, to obtain 50% of WHC
Species:
Zea mays
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Test type:
early seedling growth toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
other: artificial & natural soil tested
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d
Remarks:
no equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
25
pH:
Tropical artificial soil (TAS): 5.2
Natural red-yellow latosol: 4.4
Natural haplic cambisol: 4.6
Moisture:
50 - 60% of WHC
Details on test conditions:
Cylindrical plastic pots (Ø 120 mm × 78 mm height) were filled with 500 g of dry soil.
Ecotoxicological tests were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light between the months of January and March. An average temperature of 25 ± 3 °C was kept by an electronic ventilation system. Over the experiment, soil moisture was maintained between 50 and 60% of the WHC by daily watering, compensating weight losses due to evapotranspiration (the increase of plant weight due to growth was considered negligible compared with soil weight).
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 8, 14.5, 26, 46.5, 84, 150, and 270 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in tropical artificial soil: 3.1, 7.18, 14.3, 25.3, 40.6, 80.4, 148, and 260 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural red-yellow latosol: 2.43, 5.57, 12.0, 21.8, 40.1, 69.2, 134, and 247 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Measured in natural haplic cambisol: 1.68, 7.87, 7.47, 22.7, 32.3, 87.4, 113, and 257 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Key result
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
18.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
446.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: tropical artificial soil (TAS)
Key result
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
68.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural red-yellow latosol
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
140.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural red-yellow latosol
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
other: EC20
Effect conc.:
177.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural haplic cambisol
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 255.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
total dry mass
Remarks on result:
other: natural haplic cambisol
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
EC10 calculated using log-logistic model (TRAP 1.21) based on reported EC20 and EC50 values
Reported EC20 and EC50 values obtained according to Environment Canada 2005 (non-linear regression, best fit of exponential, Gompertz, hormesis and logistic models)
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The 21 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to growth of mays amounted to 18.3 and 68.2 mg As/kg soil dry weight in tropical artificial soil and natural red-yellow latosol, respectively (based on added As concentrations in soil).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
56 d pot experiment on growth and photosynthesis of Zea mays
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4·7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
no
Remarks:
only background concentration measured
Details on sampling:
not available
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
Air-dried and ground (< 2 mm) soil spiked with disodium arsenate
Species:
Zea mays
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Test type:
early seedling growth toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Remarks:
pot experiment in glasshouse
Substrate type:
natural soil
Remarks:
2 soils (Narwala and Shahkot) from Punjab, Pakistan
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
56 d
Remarks:
90 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
ambient conditions
pH:
Narwala sandy loam: 8.08
Shahkot clay loam: 8.22
Moisture:
70% of field WHC
Details on test conditions:
The As-spiked soils were equilibrated for three months at 50% of field capacity, thus allowing enough redistribution time for As on soil exchange sites.
Each pot was filled with 2 kg of As-contaminated soil and replicated three times. The pots were internally lined with polyethylene sheet to avoid As leaching and moisture loss through the soil over the duration of experiment.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 40, 80, and 120 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 40 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
plant height
Remarks on result:
other: Narwala sandy loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
10.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
plant height
Remarks on result:
other: Narwala sandy loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 40 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Narwala sandy loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
EC0
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
6.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Narwala sandy loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 40 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Narwala sandy loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
14.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Narwala sandy loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 40 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
other: net photosynthesis rate
Remarks on result:
other: Narwala sandy loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
8.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
other: net photosynthesis rate
Remarks on result:
other: Narwala sandy loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
40 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
plant height
Remarks on result:
other: Shahkot clay loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
80 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
plant height
Remarks on result:
other: Shahkot clay loam
Key result
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
57.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
plant height
Remarks on result:
other: Shahkot clay loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 40 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Shahkot clay loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
4.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Shahkot clay loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 40 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Shahkot clay loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
12.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot dry weight
Remarks on result:
other: Shahkot clay loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
40 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
other: net photosynthesis rate
Remarks on result:
other: Shahkot clay loam
Species:
Zea mays
Duration:
56 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
29.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
other: net photosynthesis rate
Remarks on result:
other: Shahkot clay loam
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
NOEC and LOEC: differences from control determined with Duncan's multiple range test (p=0.05)
EC10: log-logistic dose-response modelling (TRAP 1.21)
Validity criteria fulfilled:
not applicable
Conclusions:
An 56 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to the growth (plant height) of mays in a clay loam soil (Shahkot from Punjab, Pakistan) of 57.6 mg As/kg soil dry weight was derived (based on added As concentrations in soil).
In the other test soil (Narwala sandy loam from Punjab, Pakistan) and for all other growth parameters and the effect on photosynthesis rate, EC10 values were below the lowest concentration tested (40 mg As/kg soil dry weight - unbounded LOEC).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
ISO 11269-2 (Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Part 2: Effects of contaminated soil on the emergence and early growth of higher plants)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4.7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Remarks:
background concentration and nominal concentrations confirmed
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
Test substance added as aqueous solution and mixed with soil
Species:
Avena sativa
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Test type:
early seedling growth toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
natural soil
Remarks:
reference and sampled soils tested
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
14 d
Remarks:
7 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
15 - 30 °C
pH:
LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 5.6
Refesol 05-G: 5.2
Refesol 06-A: 7.3
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 5.7
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 6.0
Zegveld - Histosol: 4.8
Moisture:
LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 34.5% of WHC
Refesol 05-G: 25.5% of WHC
Refesol 06-A: 24.3% of WHC
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 53.9% of WHC
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 23.5% of WHC
Zegveld - Histosol: 52.5% of WHC
Details on test conditions:
The test vessels were stored in a climate chamber at 15 – 30 °C with a relative air humidity of 30 – 75%.
A day:night regime of 16 h:8 h was set. The minimal light intensity for daylight was 200 μE.
During the test, soil moisture in each individual vessel was checked daily and adjusted by adding the required amount of deionised water.
Depending on the test soil, fertilisation was needed. An equal volume of Substral® (7 mL/L H2O) was added to all replicates of each treatment and was determined after registration of the condition of the respective control plants.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentrations:
LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Refesol 05-G: 0, 15.625, 31.25, 61.5, 125, and 250 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Refesol 06-A: 0, 31.25, 61.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 0, 28.1, 56.25, 112.5, 225, and 450 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Zegveld - Histosol: 0, 28.1, 56.25, 112.5, 225, and 450 mg As/kg soil dry weight

Measured As concentrations are within 20% of nominal values.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: LUFA 2.2
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
27 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: LUFA 2.2
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Key result
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
18.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: LUFA 2.2
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
41.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: LUFA 2.2
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
15.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 05-G
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
31.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 05-G
Key result
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
32.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 05-G
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
70.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 05-G
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
125 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 06-A
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
250 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 06-A
Key result
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
134.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 06-A
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
221.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 06-A
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Ter Munck
Remarks:
Haplic Luvisol
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Ter Munck
Remarks:
Haplic Luvisol
Key result
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
11.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Ter Munck
Remarks:
Haplic Luvisol
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
37.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Ter Munck
Remarks:
Haplic Luvisol
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
112.5 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Woburn
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
225 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Woburn
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Key result
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
102.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Woburn
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
238.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Woburn
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
56.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Zegveld
Remarks:
Histosol
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
112.5 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Zegveld
Remarks:
Histosol
Key result
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
51.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Zegveld
Remarks:
Histosol
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
246.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Zegveld
Remarks:
Histosol
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
Normality of the data:
checked with Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk's test

Variance homogeneity of the data:
Levene's or Cochran test

NOEC and LOEC:
- In case data of normal distribution, homoscedasticity and a monotone dose-response relationship: Williams' Multiple Sequential t-test
- In case of normal distribution and variance heterogeneinty: one-sided Welch's t-test
- In case of normal distribution and homoscedasticity, but absence of a monotone relationship: Dunnett's t-test
- In case data were not normally distributed, but homoscedastic: Jonckheere-Terpstra test
- In case data were not normally distributed and heteroscedastic: Bonferroni U-test
- In case data were not normally distributed and the dose-response relationship was not monotone: Bonferroni Median test
(α = 0.05)

ECx values were determined with both linear and non-linear regression models
It was checked for the best fit (R2, Chi2, AIC) after performing an F-test to control significance of the dose response relationship
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The 14 d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to the growth of oat in six different natural soils ranged between 11.6 and 134.2 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term (with study design considered suitable for long-term assessment)
Remarks:
test focusing on sensitive life stage (root elongation)
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
ISO 11269-1 (Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Part 1: Method for the measurement of inhibition of root growth)
Version / remarks:
Hordeum vulgare
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4.7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Remarks:
background concentration and nominal concentrations confirmed
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
Test substance added as aqueous solution and mixed with soil
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Test type:
seed germination/root elongation toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
natural soil
Remarks:
reference soils
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
14 d
Remarks:
7 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
20 °C
pH:
LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 5.6
Refesol 05-G: 5.2
Refesol 06-A: 7.3
Moisture:
LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 55% of WHC
Refesol 05-G: 50% of WHC
Refesol 06-A: 35.2% of WHC
Details on test conditions:
The test vessels were covered with foil (Parafilm®) and stored in a climate chamber at 20 °C with a relative air humidity of 30 – 75%.
A day:night regime of 16 h:8 h was set. The minimal light intensity for daylight was 200 μE.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentrations:
LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Refesol 05-G: 0, 15.625, 31.25, 61.5, 125, and 250 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Refesol 06-A: 0, 31.25, 61.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 0, 28.1, 56.25, 112.5, 225, and 450 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Zegveld - Histosol: 0, 28.1, 56.25, 112.5, 225, and 450 mg As/kg soil dry weight

Measured As concentrations are within 20% of nominal values.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
40 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: LUFA 2.2
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
80 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: LUFA 2.2
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
46.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: LUFA 2.2
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
156.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: LUFA 2.2
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
62.5 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 05-G
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
125 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 05-G
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
85.1 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 05-G
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
176.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 05-G
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
320 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 06-A
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
640 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 06-A
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
319.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 06-A
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
555.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 06-A
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
Normality of the data:
checked with Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk's test

Variance homogeneity of the data:
Levene's or Cochran test

NOEC and LOEC:
- In case data of normal distribution, homoscedasticity and a monotone dose-response relationship: Williams' Multiple Sequential t-test
- In case of normal distribution and variance heterogeneinty: one-sided Welch's t-test
- In case of normal distribution and homoscedasticity, but absence of a monotone relationship: Dunnett's t-test
- In case data were not normally distributed, but homoscedastic: Jonckheere-Terpstra test
- In case data were not normally distributed and heteroscedastic: Bonferroni U-test
- In case data were not normally distributed and the dose-response relationship was not monotone: Bonferroni Median test
(α = 0.05)

ECx values were determined with both linear and non-linear regression models
It was checked for the best fit (R2, Chi2, AIC) after performing an F-test to control significance of the dose response relationship
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The 4-d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to the root elongation of barley in three different natural soils ranged between 46.2 and 319.4 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: ISO 11269-2 and OECD 208
Version / remarks:
Solanum lycopersicum
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4.7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Remarks:
background concentration and nominal concentrations confirmed
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
Test substance added as aqueous solution and mixed with soil
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Plant group:
Dicotyledonae (dicots)
Test type:
early seedling growth toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Substrate type:
natural soil
Remarks:
reference and sampled soils tested
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
14 d
Remarks:
7 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
15 - 30 °C
pH:
LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 5.6
Refesol 05-G: 5.2
Refesol 06-A: 7.3
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 5.7
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 6.0
Zegveld - Histosol: 4.8
Moisture:
LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 34.5% of WHC
Refesol 05-G: 25.5% of WHC
Refesol 06-A: 24.3% of WHC
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 53.9% of WHC
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 23.5% of WHC
Zegveld - Histosol: 52.5% of WHC
Details on test conditions:
The test vessels were stored in a climate chamber at 15 – 30 °C with a relative air humidity of 30 – 75%.
A day:night regime of 16 h:8 h was set. The minimal light intensity for daylight was 200 μE.
During the test, soil moisture in each individual vessel was checked daily and adjusted by adding the required amount of deionised water.
Depending on the test soil, fertilisation was needed. An equal volume of Substral® (7 mL/L H2O) was added to all replicates of each treatment and was determined after registration of the condition of the respective control plants.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal concentrations:
LUFA 2.2 - Dystric Cambisol: 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Refesol 05-G: 0, 15.625, 31.25, 61.5, 125, and 250 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Refesol 06-A: 0, 31.25, 61.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol: 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Woburn - Dystric Cambisol: 0, 28.1, 56.25, 112.5, 225, and 450 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Zegveld - Histosol: 0, 2.4, 24, 120, 240, and 480 mg As/kg soil dry weight

Measured As concentrations are within 20% of nominal values.
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: LUFA 2.2
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
27 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: LUFA 2.2
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Key result
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
6.93 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: LUFA 2.2
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
41.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: LUFA 2.2
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
15.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 05-G
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
31.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 05-G
Key result
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
28.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 05-G
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
97.5 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 05-G
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
61.5 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 06-A
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
125 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 06-A
Key result
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
227.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 06-A
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
323.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Refesol 06-A
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Ter Munck
Remarks:
Haplic Luvisol
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
27 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Ter Munck
Remarks:
Haplic Luvisol
Key result
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
28.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Ter Munck
Remarks:
Haplic Luvisol
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
95.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Ter Munck
Remarks:
Haplic Luvisol
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
>= 450 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Woburn
Remarks:
Dystric Cambisol
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
24 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Zegveld
Remarks:
Histosol
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
120 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Zegveld
Remarks:
Histosol
Key result
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
52.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Zegveld
Remarks:
Histosol
Species:
other: Solanum lycopersicum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
174.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
shoot fresh weight
Remarks on result:
other: Zegveld
Remarks:
Histosol
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
Normality of the data:
checked with Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk's test

Variance homogeneity of the data:
Levene's or Cochran test

NOEC and LOEC:
- In case data of normal distribution, homoscedasticity and a monotone dose-response relationship: Williams' Multiple Sequential t-test
- In case of normal distribution and variance heterogeneinty: one-sided Welch's t-test
- In case of normal distribution and homoscedasticity, but absence of a monotone relationship: Dunnett's t-test
- In case data were not normally distributed, but homoscedastic: Jonckheere-Terpstra test
- In case data were not normally distributed and heteroscedastic: Bonferroni U-test
- In case data were not normally distributed and the dose-response relationship was not monotone: Bonferroni Median test
(α = 0.05)

ECx values were determined with both linear and non-linear regression models
It was checked for the best fit (R2, Chi2, AIC) after performing an F-test to control significance of the dose response relationship
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The 14-d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to the growth of tomato in five different natural soils ranged between 6.9 and 227.6 mg As/kg soil dry weight (based on added As concentrations in soil). In a sixth soil, no effect was observed at concentrations up to 450 mg As/kg soil dry weight (unbounded NOEC).
Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term (with study design considered suitable for long-term assessment)
Remarks:
test focusing on sensitive life stage (root elongation)
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
ISO 11269-1 (Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Part 1: Method for the measurement of inhibition of root growth)
Version / remarks:
Hordeum vulgare
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Na2HAsO4.7H2O
Analytical monitoring:
no
Remarks:
only background concentration
Vehicle:
no
Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
Soils were air-dried, sieved to less than 4 mm, and stored in air-tight drums at ambient temperature until use.
The test substance was added as aqueous solution and mixed thoroughly with soil (soil moisture content raised to 70% of WHC with deionized water).
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Plant group:
Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Test type:
seed germination/root elongation toxicity test
Study type:
laboratory study
Remarks:
in a glasshouse
Substrate type:
natural soil
Remarks:
sixteen surface soils (0 - 20 cm depth) from eight European countries
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
4 d
Remarks:
7 or 90 days equilibration after spiking prior to testing
Test temperature:
16 h daytime at 20 °C
8 h nighttime at 16 °C
pH:
Aluminusa (Italy): 5.4
Brécy (France): 7.5
Cordoba I (Spain): 7.6
Guadalajara (Spain): 7.5
Kövlinge I (Sweden): 4.8
Marknesse (The Netherlands): 7.5
Montpellier (France): 5.2
Nottingham (UK): 3.4
Rhydtalog (UK): 4.2
Rots (France): 7.4
Souli I (Greece): 4.8
Souli II (Greece): 7.4
Ter Munck (Belgium): 6.8
Vault de Lugny (France): 7.3
Woburn (UK): 6.4
Zegveld (The Netherlands): 4.7
Moisture:
70% of WHC
Details on test conditions:
The bioassay was carried out in a glasshouse under the following conditions:
16:8-h light:dark photoperiod
natural light supplemented with sodium-vapor lamps to maintain a minimum photon flux of 350 mmol/m/s
daytime temperature of 20􏰅 °C, nighttime temperature of 16􏰅 °C
60 to 70% relative humidity
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg As/kg soil dry weight
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Aliminusa - Vertic Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
30 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Aliminusa - Vertic Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
71.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Aliminusa - Vertic Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
200.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Aliminusa - Vertic Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Brécy - Calcaric Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
30 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Brécy - Calcaric Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
148 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Brécy - Calcaric Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
419.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Brécy - Calcaric Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Cordoba I - Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
11.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Cordoba I - Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
44.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Cordoba I - Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
30 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Guadalajara - Calcic Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
60 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Guadalajara - Calcic Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
28.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Guadalajara - Calcic Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
71.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Guadalajara - Calcic Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Kövlinge I - Dystric Regosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
30 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Kövlinge I - Dystric Regosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
20.1 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Kövlinge I - Dystric Regosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
46.1 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Kövlinge I - Dystric Regosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Marknesse - Calcaric Fluvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
58.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Marknesse - Calcaric Fluvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
205 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Marknesse - Calcaric Fluvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Montpellier - Chromic Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
11.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Montpellier - Chromic Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
28.5 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Montpellier - Chromic Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Nottingham - Eutric Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
18.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Nottingham - Eutric Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
35.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Nottingham - Eutric Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Rhydtalog - Histosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
4.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Rhydtalog - Histosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
26.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Rhydtalog - Histosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Rots - Haplic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
26.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Rots - Haplic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
115.1 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Rots - Haplic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Souli I - Chromic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
50.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Souli I - Chromic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
240.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Souli I - Chromic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Souli II - Rendzic Leptosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
49.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Souli II - Rendzic Leptosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
131.1 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Souli II - Rendzic Leptosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Remarks:
EC10 < lowest test dose
Effect conc.:
13.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
56.9 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Ter Munck - Haplic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
125 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Vault de Lugny - Stagnic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
250 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Vault de Lugny - Stagnic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
206.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Vault de Lugny - Stagnic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
458.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Vault de Lugny - Stagnic Luvisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
30 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Woburn - Dystric Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
60 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Woburn - Dystric Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
57 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Woburn - Dystric Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
328.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Woburn - Dystric Cambisol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
<= 15 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Zegveld - Histosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
27.7 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Zegveld - Histosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
195.4 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Zegveld - Histosol
Remarks:
7 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
16.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Rhydtalog - Histosol
Remarks:
90 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
75.6 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Rhydtalog - Histosol
Remarks:
90 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
106.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Rots - Haplic Luvisol
Remarks:
90 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
229.2 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Rots - Haplic Luvisol
Remarks:
90 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
489 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Vault de Lugny - Stagnic Luvisol
Remarks:
90 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Remarks:
EC50 > highest test dose
Effect conc.:
1 025.8 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Vault de Lugny - Stagnic Luvisol
Remarks:
90 d aging
Key result
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
704 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Woburn - Dystric Cambisol
Remarks:
90 d aging
Species:
Hordeum vulgare
Duration:
4 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Remarks:
EC50 > highest test dose
Effect conc.:
1 165.3 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
element
Remarks:
As (added dose)
Basis for effect:
growth
Remarks:
root length
Remarks on result:
other: Woburn - Dystric Cambisol
Remarks:
90 d aging
Results with reference substance (positive control):
not available
Reported statistics and error estimates:
NOEC and LOEC derived with Duncan's multiple range test (p<0.05)
Effect concentrations derived from log-logistic dose-response modelling
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The reliable 4-d EC10 for the effect of arsenic to root elongation of barley varied from 16.3 to 704.0 mg As/kg in sixteen different European soils (based on added As concentrations in soil). Arsenate phytotoxicity decreased significantly when extending the aging time from 7 days to three months and the longest equilibration time was considered most relevant.

Description of key information

In total, 67 reliable EC10 or NOEC values for chronic arsenic toxicity to terrestrial plants were retrieved from 9 publications. All data were derived from soils amended with trisodium arsenate or disodium hydrogen arsenate salts. These data cover various endpoints (shoot and root yield, root elongation, grain yield) for 13 different plant species (Avena sativa, Cucumis sativus, Helianthus annuus, Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa, Medicago sativa, Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Raphanus sativus, Solanum lycopersicum, Sorghum bicolor, Triticum aestivum and Zea mays) from 6 different families (Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae). Reliable NOEC and EC10 values vary between 6.9 mg As/kg dw for Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) shoot yield and 704 mg As/kg dw for Hordeum vulgare (barley) root elongation. All NOEC and EC10 values are expressed based on added elemental As concentrations in soil. All reliable NOEC and EC10 values were taken forward to the derivation of the PNEC according to the statistical extrapolation approach.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information