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EC number: 233-296-7 | CAS number: 10108-64-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
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- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
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- Endpoint summary
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
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- Toxicological Summary
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- Acute Toxicity
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- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to reproduction: other studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to reproduction: other studies
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- No information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: reliable with restrictions. Compatible with guidelines.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Behavioural and functional neurotoxicological changes caused by cadmium in a three-generational study in rats
- Author:
- Nagymajtenyl L, Schulz H and Desi I
- Year:
- 1 997
- Bibliographic source:
- Human Experim. Toxicol. 16:691-699
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A study was conducted to evaluate the behavioural neurotoxicity of the test material in rats. Three consecutive generations of Wistar rats were orally treated by gavage with 3.5, 7.0, or 14.0 mg Cd/kg bw/d (as cadmium chloride diluted in distilled water) over the period of pregnancy, lactation, and 8 weeks after weaning. Behavioral (open field behavior) andelectrophysiological (spontaneousand evoked cortical activity, etc.) parameters of male rats from each generation were investigated at the age of 12 wk.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- in vivo
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cadmium chloride
- EC Number:
- 233-296-7
- EC Name:
- Cadmium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 10108-64-2
- Molecular formula:
- CdCl2
- IUPAC Name:
- cadmium(2+) dichloride
- Details on test material:
- -Name of test material-Cadmium chloride (CdCl2.2.5H2O)
PURITY: 99.5%
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: SPF breeding colony of the research institute of laboratory animals, Gödöllö, Hungary
- Age at study initiation: 11 wk
- Housing: cages
- Diet ( ad libitum): rodent food
- Water (ad libitum): water
- Acclimation period: 3 wk
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22±2
- Humidity (%): 60±10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on exposure:
- No information
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- No information
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- approx. 49 d
- Frequency of treatment:
- cft test design
- Duration of test:
- approx. 49 d
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
3.5, 7.0 and 14.0 mg/kg bw/d
Basis:
nominal conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- A total of 260 rats were used in the experiments. Experiments were only performed on male offspring. Behavioral tests were done with 10 male
animals per group. Three generations and four dose groups resulted in 12 test groups. - Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- Oral cadmium treatment started at the age of 4 wk in the F1 generation, which was bred out of the parental generation in the laboratory. The F1 generation was then split : 10 males per dose for behavioral tests, ten males per dose for "neurotoxicological" evaluations (the authors probably refer to the neurophysiological tests), 5 males per dose for breeding, and 10 females per dose for breeding. Animals received treatment for 5 d/wk, with a dose of either 0, 3.5, 7.0 and 14.0 mg/kg bw. Administration volume was 0.1 mL/100 g bodyweight. Females used for breeding were treated 7 d/wk from the beginning of mating until weaning of their young at the age of four weeks.
- Statistics:
- Kolmogorov-Smirnov test: check for normality of data
multivariate ANOVA/ Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA: to test treatment effectson behavioural outcomes
univariate ANOVA: to analyze electrophysiological data
LSD testing: for post hoc analysis of group differences
Results and discussion
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Effect level:
- 3.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: developmental neurotoxicity
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Basis for effect level:
- other: developmental neurotoxicity
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Remarks:
- no NOAEL identified
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Basis for effect level:
- other: maternal
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Remarks:
- no NOAEL identified
Observed effects
LOAEL (neurotoxic effects) : This study suggests a developmental neurotoxicity of cadmium. The behavior testing with effects on exploratory open field behavior, and on rearing are considered relevant in this report. This effect was significant for the three dose arms. This means that 3.5 mg/kg bw/d was sufficient to induce adverse effects. This is shown in figure 1, panel B on page 694 of the article. Therefore, it is not possible to calculate a NOAEL from this study. LOAEL is 3.5 mg/kg bw/d.
Any other information on results incl. tables
None
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- LOAEL for developmental neurotoxicity in rats is 3.5 mg/kg bw/d Cadmium
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to evaluate the behavioural neurotoxicity of the test material in rats.
Three consecutive generations of Wistar rats were orally treated by gavage with 3.5, 7.0, or 14.0 mg Cd/kg bw/d (as cadmium chloride diluted in distilled water) over the period of pregnancy, lactation, and 8 weeks after weaning. Behavioral (open field behavior) andelectrophysiological (spontaneous and evoked cortical activity, etc.) parameters of male rats from each generation were investigated at the age of 12 wk.
The main behavioral outcomes were increased vertical exploration activity (rearing) and increased exploration of an open-field center. The spontaneous and evoked electrophysiological variables showed dose- and generation-dependent changes (increased frequencies in the electrocorticogram, lengthened latency and duration of evoked potentials, etc.) signaling a change in neural functions. The results indicate that low-level, multigeneration exposure of rats to inorganic cadmium can affect nervous system function.
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