N,N-diethylhydroxylamine

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity

Administrative data

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1997

Report date:

1997

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

N,N-diethylhydroxylamine

EC Number:

223-055-4

EC Name:

N,N-diethylhydroxylamine

Cas Number:

3710-84-7

Molecular formula:

C4H11NO

IUPAC Name:

N,N-diethylhydroxylamine

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Diethylhydroxylamine
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: 87.4% in water
- Lot/batch No.: A14HD1
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: August 1997

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ORGANISMS:
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Inc., (Portage, Michigan)
- Age: approximately 71 days 
- Weight : from 216 g to 284 g on day 0 of gestation
- Fasting period before study: none
- Housing: were individually in clean, wire-mesh cages suspended above cage-board
- Diet (ad libitum): PMI Feeds, Inc.m Certified Rodent LabDiet© 5002
- Water (ad libitum): municipal water
- Acclimation period:

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 71.0°F to 72.4°F
- Humidity (%): 29.0 to 48.9
- Air changes (per hr): 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

water

Details on exposure:

- Concentration in vehicle: 17.48, 78.7 and 113.6 mg/ml
- Total volume applied: 5 ml/kg

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

The dosing formulations of the test article in deionized (DI) water were analyzed to determine the test article concentration by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy at 195 nm. The compound response was considered to be linear from 20.34 to 210.4 µg/mL (concentrations uncorrected for purity).
The dosing formulations were homogeneous with respect to the test article. The mean concentrations for all strata ranged from 98.2 to 102% of the target dose concentrations. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were 1.6, 0.75, and 0.65% for the three groups, indicating uniform dispersai of the test article in DI water.
The formulations were stored at room temperature for 8 days and then analyzed to assess stability. The formulations for Groups 3 and 4 were stable for at least 8 days. The Group 2 formulation was stable for at least 5 days; the 8-day concentration was slightly higher than the SOP specified upper limit.
The formulations that were analyzed and used for dose administration had concentrations within 10% of the target dose concentrations.

Details on mating procedure:

- Impregnation procedure: cohoused
- M/F ratio per cage: 1/1
- Length of cohabitation: until copulation
- After ... days of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility.
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: no
- Verification of same strain and source of both sexes: yes
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug and /or sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- Any other deviations from standard protocol:

Duration of treatment / exposure:

from GD6 to GD15

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Duration of test:

sacrifice on GD20

No. of animals per sex per dose:

25

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Examinations

Maternal examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: from day 0 through 20 of gestation (prior to test article administration during the dosing period). Animals were also observed for signs of toxicity approximately one hour following dosing.

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: gestation days 0, 6-16 (daily) and 20

FOOD CONSUMPTION : Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: gestation days 0, 6-16 (daily) and 20

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- Sacrifice on gestation day # 20
- Organs examined: uterus and ovaries

OTHER:

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: Yes
- Number of corpora lutea: Yes
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of early resorptions: Yes
- Number of late resorptions: Yes
- Other:

Fetal examinations:

- External examinations: Yes: all per litter
- Soft tissue examinations: Yes: all per litter
- Skeletal examinations: Yes: all per litter
- Head examinations: Yes: all per litter

Statistics:

One-way ANOVA with Dunnett's test:
Corpora Lutea, Total Implantations, Fetal Body Weights, Maternal Body Weights and Weight Changes, Maternal Net Body Weight Changes and Gravid Uterine Weights, Food Consumption

Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann-Whitney U test:
Litter Proportions of Intrauterine Data (Considering the Litter, Rather than the Fetus, as the Experimental Unit)

Indices:

Postimplantation Loss/Litter

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

General toxicity (maternal animals)

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

All animals survived to the scheduled necropsy on gestation day 20.
Treatment-related clinicat findings one hour following dosing in the 393 and 568
mg/kg/day groups included tan matting around the mouth and/or neck and
salivation between gestation days 9 and 15. Salivation was also noted at the time
of dosing in the 393 and 568 mg/kg/day groups generally beginning on gestation
day 12 and continuing through gestation day 15. In addition, single occurrences
of salivation were noted for two females in the 87.4 mg/kg/day group. However,
no other test article-related clinical findings were observed at this dose level, so
no relationship to treatment was evident. Haïr loss on various body surfaces was
noted in the 393 and 568 mg/kg/day groups generally from gestation day 7 through
study termination (gestation day 20). Other clinicat findings in all of the treated
groups occurred similarly in the control group, in single animals or in a manner
that was not suggestive of a relationship to treatment.

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not examined

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

ln the 568 mg/kg/day group, a statistically significant (p<0.01) mean body
weight loss was noted during gestation days 6-9. During this interval, 17 of 24
gravid females in this group lost between 1 and 18 grams of body weight. During
the remainder of the treatment period (gestation days 9-12 and 12-16), mean body
weight gains in the 568 mg/kg/day group were comparable to the control group
values. When the overall treatment period (gestation days 6-16) was evaluated,
mean body weight gain in this group was reduced relative to the control group
value; the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). During the
post-treatment period (gestation days 16-20), mean body weight gain in the 568
mg/kg/day group was similar to the control group value. Mean body weight from
gestation days 8 to 16, net body weight and net body weight gain in this group
-20-
WIL-160083
were slightly decreased compared to the control group values; the differences were
generally statistically significant (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Mean gravid uterine
weight in the 568 mg/kg/day group was comparable to the control group value.
A statistically significant (p < 0. 01) reduced mean body weight gain was noted
in the 393 mg/kg/day group during gestation days 6-9. During gestation days
9-12, mean body weight gain in this group was comparable to the control group
value. Du ring the remainder of the treatment period (gestation days 12-16), mean
body weight gain in the 393 mg/kg/day group was slightly reduced relative to the
control group value; the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
However, a similar decrease in body weight gain during this interval was not
observed in the 568 mg/kg/day group; therefore, no relationship to treatment was
apparent. When the overall treatment period (gestation days 6-16) was evaluated,
mean body weight gain in this group was reduced when compared to the control
group value; the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). During the
post-treatment period (gestation days 16-20), mean body weight gain in the 393
mg/kg/day group was similar to the control group value. Mean body weights from
gestation days 7 to 16, net body weight and net body weight gain in this group
were slightly decreased relative to the control group values; the differences were
generally statistically significant (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Mean gravid uterine
weight in the 393 mg/kg/day group was comparable to the control group value.
Mean body weights, body weight gains, gravid uterine weight, net body
weight and net body weight gain in the 87.4 mg/kg/day group were unaffected by
test article administration. Values in this group were comparable to the control
group values; differences were slight and were not statistically significant.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Food consumption, evaluated as g/animal/day and g/kg/day, was reduced in
the 393 and 568 mg/kg/day groups during the entire treatment period (gestation
days 6-9, 9-12, 12-16 and 6-16). The differences from the control group were
statistically significant (p < 0. 01 or p < 0. 05). Du ring the post-treatment period,
food consumption in these groups was comparable to the control group.
Food consumption in the 87.4 mg/kg/day group was unaffected by treatment
with the test article. The only statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference from
the control group was a slight reduction (g/kg/day) in food consumption in this
group during the post-treatment period (gestation days 16-20). The g/animal/day
value was similar to the control group value, and no relationship to treatment was
apparent.

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

not examined

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not examined

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Immunological findings:

not examined

Description (incidence and severity):

At the scheduled necropsy on gestation day 20, 3 of the 25 females in the 393
mg/kg/day group and 12 of the 25 females in the 568 mg/kg/day group had hair
loss on multiple body surfaces (including the ventral abdominal, lateral abdominal,
ventral thoracic, hindlimbs and forelimbs). No test article-related internai findings
were noted at any dose level. In the control and 568 mg/kg/day groups, one
female each (nos. 66878 and 66918, respectively) had dilated renal pelves; female
no. 66918 also had a cystic kidney. Female no. 66888 in the 87.4 mg/kg/day
group had white areas and white precipitate in the kidneys. All other females were
intemally normal.

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not examined

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Maternal developmental toxicity

Number of abortions:

no effects observed

Pre- and post-implantation loss:

no effects observed

Total litter losses by resorption:

no effects observed

Early or late resorptions:

no effects observed

Changes in pregnancy duration:

not examined

Changes in number of pregnant:

no effects observed

Details on maternal toxic effects:

Maternal toxic effects:yes

Details on maternal toxic effects:
CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS DURING PREGNANCY
Treatment-related clinical findings noted in the 393 and 568 mg/kg/day  groups included hair loss on various body surfaces, tan matting around  the mouth and/or salivation. These findings were observed at the time of  dosing and/or one hour following dosing.

MATERNAL MORTALITY
All maternal animals survived to the scheduled necropsy on gestation day 20. 

MATERNAL BODY WEIGHT
During gestation days 6-9, a reduced mean body weight gain occurred in the 393 mg/kg/day group and a mean body weight loss occurred in the 568 mg/kg/day group; the differences from the control group were statistically significant. During gestation days 9-12, mean body weight gains in the 393 and 568 mg/kg/day groups were comparable to the control group values. During the remainder of the treatment period (gestation days 12-16), mean body weight gains were reduced (statistically significant) in the 393 mg/kg/day group and were similar to the control group in the 568 mg/kg/day group. However, the decrease in body weight gain in the 393 mg/kg/day group during this interval was not considered to be related to treatment because a corresponding decrease was not noted in  the 568 mg/kg/day group. Mean body weight gains in the 393 and 568  mg/kg/day groups were comparable to the control values during the  post-treatment period (gestation days 16-20). Mean body weights in these  groups were reduced (statistically significant) beginning on gestation  day 7 (393 mg/kg/day) or 8 (568 mg/kg/day) and continuing through  gestation day 16. Mean net body weights and net body weight gains in  these groups were slightly decreased relative to the control group  values. 

FOOD CONSUMPTION
Food consumption, evaluated as g/animal/day and g/kg/day, was reduced in the 393 and 568 mg/kg/day groups throughout the entire treatment period (gestation days 6-9, 9-12 and 12-16); the differences from the control group were statistically significant. During the post-treatment period (gestation days 16-20), food consumption in these groups was comparable  to the control group. Food consumption in the 87.4 mg/kg/day group was  unaffected by treatment with the test article.

ORGAN WEIGHT
Mean gravid uterine weights in the 393 and 568 mg/kg/day groups were  similar to the control group value. Body weight data in the 87.4  mg/kg/day group was unaffected by test article administration.

MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
At the scheduled necropsy on gestation day 20, no test article-related internal findings were observed at any dose level.

Effect levels (maternal animals)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

393 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

body weight and weight gain

Maternal abnormalities

Abnormalities:

no effects observed

Results (fetuses)

Fetal body weight changes:

no effects observed

Reduction in number of live offspring:

no effects observed

Changes in sex ratio:

no effects observed

Changes in litter size and weights:

no effects observed

Changes in postnatal survival:

no effects observed

External malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Extemal malformations were observed in one fetus each in the control, 393
and 568 mg/kg/day groups. Control group fetus no. 66833-06 had vertebral
agenesis (at the skeletal examination, ail vertebrae posterior to lumbar no. 5 were
absent). Fetus no. 66854-03 in the 393 mg/kg/day group had maxillary
micrognathia. ln the 568 mg/kg/day group, fetus no. 66901-12 had
microphthalmia, anophthalmia, micromelia, adactyly and thoracogastroschisis. No
other extemal malformations were noted.
No extemal developmental variations were observed in fetuses at any dose
level.

Skeletal malformations:

no effects observed

Visceral malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Soft tissue malformations were observed in 1(1), 1(1), 2(2) and 1(1) fetuses
(litters) in the control, 87.4, 393 and 568 mg/kg/da y groups, respectively. One
fetus each in the control, 87.4 and 568 mg/kg/day groups (nos. 66857-11,
66909-14 and 66901-12, respectively) had a heart anomaly with an associated great
vessel anomaly. However, since the heart and great vessel anomalies in each of
the affected fetuses was dissimilar and were noted similarly in the control group,
no relationship to treatment was evident. ln addition, fetus no. 66857-11 in the
control group had situs inversus and pulmonary lobular dysgenesis and fetus no.
66901-12 in the 568 mg/kg/day group had an absent diaphragm and a missing
adrenal gland. In the 393 mg/kg/day group, two females (nos. 66854-03 and
66917-01) each had situs inversus. No other soft tissue malformations were noted.
The only soft tissue variation observed was distended ureters in fetus no.
66872-07 in the 87.4 mg/kg/day group.
One fetus (no. 66927-15) in the 393 mg/kg/day group had reddened testes.
This finding was not classified as either a malformation or variation and was not
included in any tabulation.

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:

Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:no effects

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
EXAMINATION OF FETUSES AND UTERINE CONTENT
Intrauterine growth and survival were unaffected by test article administration at any dose level.  Parameters evaluated included postimplantation loss, live litter size,  mean fetal body weights, fetal sex ratios and the mean numbers of corpora  lutea and implantation sites. Fetuses (litters) available for morphological evaluation numbered 354(24), 326(22), 353(23) and 356(24) in the control, 87.4, 393 and 568 mg/kg/day groups, respectively. Malformations were observed in 2(2), 1(1), 2(2) and 3(3) fetuses (litters) in these same respective dose groups and were considered to be spontaneous in origin. No developmental variants were noted in fetuses in the treated groups that were considered to be related to treatment with the test article.

Effect levels (fetuses)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

568 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Remarks on result:

not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects

Fetal abnormalities

Abnormalities:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Overall developmental toxicity

Developmental effects observed:

no

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

In conclusion, maternal toxicity was expressed by inhibition of body weight gain and food consumption at dose levels of 393 and 568 mg/kg/day. No maternal toxicity was evident at a dose level of 87.4 mg/kg/day. No developmental toxicity was apparent at any dose level. Based on the results of this study, the NOAEL (no observable adverse effect level) for maternal toxicity was considered to be 87.4 mg/kg/day, and the NOAEL for developmental toxicity was considered to be 568 mg/kg/day.

Executive summary:

The potential maternal toxicity and developmental toxicity of diethylhydroxylamine were evaluated. Diethylhydroxylamine in the vehicle, deionized water, was administered to three groups of 25 bred Crl:CD^®(SD)BR rats once daily from gestation days 6 through 15. Dosage levels were 87.4, 393 and 568 mg/kg/day administered at a dose volume of 5 ml/kg. A concurrent control group composed of 25 bred females received the vehicle, deionized water, on a comparable regimen at 5 ml/kg. The route of administration was oral by gastric intubation. Clinical observations, body weights and food consumption were recorded. On gestation day 20, a laparohysterectomy was performed on ail animals. The uteri and ovaries were examined and the numbers of fetuses, early and late resorptions, total implantations and corpora lutea were recorded. Mean gravid uterine weights and net body weight changes were calculated for each group. The fetuses were weighed, sexed and examined for external, soft tissue and skeletal malformations and variations. All maternal animals survived to the scheduled necropsy on gestation day 20. Treatment-related clinical observations noted at the time of dosing and/or one hourfollowing dosing in the 393 and 568 mg/kg/day groups included tan matting around themouth and/or neck, salivation and hair loss on various body surfaces. During the first three days of dosing, a reduced mean body weight gain occurred in the 393 mg/kg/day group and a mean body weight loss occurred in the 568 mg/kg/day group. Food consumption was reduced in the 393 and 568 mg/kg/day groups throughout the treatment period. Body weight data and food consumption in the 87.4 mg/kg/day group were unaffected by treatment with the test article. No test article-related internal findings were observed at any dose level. Intrauterine growth and survival were unaffected by test article administration at any dose level. The fetal malformations and developmental variations observed in the treated groups were considered to be spontaneous in origin. Based on the results of this study, the NOAEL (no observable adverse effect level) for maternal toxicity was considered to be 87.4 mg/kg/day and the NOAEL for developmental toxicity was considered to be 568 mg/kg/day.