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EC number: 202-715-5 | CAS number: 98-94-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.53 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 30 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 26.5 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The oral (gavage) developmental toxicity study in the rat (OECD 414) is considered to provide the critical endpoint for DNEL derivation; a NOAEL of 30 mg/kg bw/d was obtained for maternal toxicity based on reduced body weight and food consumption (most likely a result of reduced palatability of the test substance rather than systemic toxicity). As this study is a recent guideline compliant study conducted over a sensitive exposure period it is considered more appropriate for systemic DNEL derivation than the available repeat dose inhalation study.
The NOAEL is modified to obtained the NOAEC as follows:
assuming that inhalation absorption is twice oral absorption = 30 mg/kg bw/d /2 = 15 mg/kg bw/d
taking into account the standard respiratory volume for the rat (8 h exposure) = 15 mg/kg bw/d / 0.38 m³/kg/d = 39.5 mg/m³
taking into account the respiratory volume of the worker (8 h exposure) = 39.5 mg/m³ * (6.7 m³/10 m³) = 26.5 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default factor when the starting point is a NOAEL/NOAEC
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- An AF for duration of exposure is not considered necessary; animals were dosed during a sensitive time period (Days 3 to 19 of gestation). The NOAEL obtained in the 90-day repeated dose toxicity study is higher (100 mg/kg bw/d) and application of an AF for duration of exposure to this value would result in a DNEL higher than that obtained using the developmental NOAEL. Therefore correction for duration of exposure is not considered necessary.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA default factor when the starting point is derived from a rat study
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA default value for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default:comprehensive database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.3 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12.5
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 104 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default factor when the starting point is a NOAEC
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- A factor of 1 is selected on the basis that effects seen in the repeated dose inhalation study were limited to local effects of irritation in the nasal epithelium and are therefore concentration-dependent rather than time-dependent.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- An AF for interspecies differences is not required when setting a local inhalation DNEL based on an inhalation study
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Required based on irritant effects noted in respiratory tract (nasal epithelium)
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA default value for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Whilst the starting point study is not guideline compliant, it was conducted to GLP and is considered to be of sufficient quality with regard to assessment of local irritation
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default value: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.3 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12.5
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 104 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default factor when the starting point is a NOAEC
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- A factor of 1 is selected on the basis that effects seen in the repeated dose inhalation study were limited to local effects of irritation in the nasal epithelium and are therefore concentration-dependent rather than time-dependent.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Required based on irritant effects noted in respiratory tract (nasal epithelium)
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA default value for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Whilst the starting point study is not guideline compliant, it was conducted to GLP and is considered to be of sufficient quality with regard to assessment of local irritation
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default value: no significant remaining uncertainties
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.6 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 30 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.6 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The oral (gavage) developmental toxicity study in the rat (OECD 414) is considered to provide the critical endpoint for DNEL derivation; a NOAEL of 30 mg/kg bw/d was obtained for maternal toxicity based on reduced body weight and food consumption (most likely a result of reduced palatability of the test substance rather than systemic toxicity). As there is no information on the extent of oral or dermal absorption, dermal absorption is considered equal to oral absorption (ECHA guidance) and the starting point is not modified.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default factor when the starting point is a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- An AF for duration of exposure is not considered necessary; animals were dosed during a sensitive time period (Days 3 to 19 of gestation). The NOAEL obtained in the 90-day repeated dose toxicity study is higher (100 mg/kg bw/d) and application of an AF for duration of exposure to this value would result in a DNEL higher than that obtained using the developmental NOAEL. Therefore correction for duration of exposure is not considered necessary.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA default value when using a rat study for derivation of the starting point
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA default value
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA default value for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default value: comprehensive and good quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA default value: no significant remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
The substance is classified for acute oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity and as corrosive to skin, effects seen in the toxicology studies are indicative of local effects of irritation. There was no clear evidence for systemic toxicity and local effects are expected to dominate following exposure, however DNELs for systemic and local toxicity have been derived where appropriate.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
There will be no exposure of the general public as the substance is only used in industrial settings, therefore DNELs for the general population are not required and have not been derived.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
There will be no exposure of the general public as the substance is only used in industrial settings, therefore DNELs for the general population are not required and have not been derived.
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
There will be no exposure of the general public as the substance is only used in industrial settings, therefore DNELs for the general population are not required and have not been derived.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
There will be no exposure of the general public as the substance is only used in industrial settings, therefore DNELs for the general population are not required and have not been derived.
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
There will be no exposure of the general public as the substance is only used in industrial settings, therefore DNELs for the general population are not required and have not been derived.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
There will be no exposure of the general public as the substance is only used in industrial settings, therefore DNELs for the general population are not required and have not been derived.
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
There will be no exposure of the general public as the substance is only used in industrial settings, therefore DNELs for the general population are not required and have not been derived.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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