Undec-10-enal

Toxicity to microorganisms

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to microorganisms, other

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Remarks:

Experimental data of various chemicals

Justification for type of information:

Experimental data of various chemicals from collection of data

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Refer below principle

Principles of method if other than guideline:

WoE was prepared for the determination of toxicity range of chemical on the growth of different microorganisms.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

2nd study, 3rd study and 4th study: - Concentrations: The highest conc. of test chemical used for the study was 1600 mg/l (1600 µg/ml).
- Sampling method: The test chemical solution was prepared by dissolving the test substance in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF).

Vehicle:

yes

Test organisms (species):

other: 2nd: Salmonella choleraesuis, 3: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4. Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis ATCC 35640, E. coli ATCC 9673, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, and Proteus Vulgaris ATCC 13315.

Details on inoculum:

2:
- Laboratory culture: Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis ATCC 35640, was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA).
- Method of cultivation: Serial twofold dilutions of the test compound was prepared in DMF, and 30 µl of each dilution was added to 3 ml of Nutrient broth-yeast extract-glucose (NYG) broth (0.8% nutrient broth, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.1% glucose). These were inoculated with 30 µl of preculture of Salmonella choleraesuis. After the incubation of the cultures at 37°C for 24 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The cells of Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis ATCC 35640 were precultured in 3 ml of NYG broth without shaking at 37°C for 16 h. This preculture was used for the antibacterial assay.


3:
- Laboratory culture: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754, was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA).
- Method of cultivation: Serial 2-fold dilutions of the test compounds were made in DMF, and 30 µL of the sample solution was added to 3 mL of malt extract medium. These were inoculated with 30 µL of seed culture to give the final inoculum of 105 CFU/mL. The assay tubes were incubated without shaking at 30 °C for 48 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth.

- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: S. cerevisiae was maintained at -80 °C in yeast nitrogen broth (YNB) containing 25% glycerol and subcultured at 30 °C in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) medium (Bactopeptone 1%, dextrose 4%, Bacto-agar 1.8%). A fresh culture was preincubated with shaking for 16 h at 30 °C in 2.5% malt extract (ME) medium (BBL).

4:
- Laboratory culture: Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis ATCC 35640, E. coli ATCC 9673, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, and Proteus Vulgaris ATCC 13315 were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA).
- Method of cultivation: Serial 2-fold dilutions of the test compound was prepared in DMF, and 30 µl of each dilution was added to 3 ml of Nutrient broth-yeast extract-glucose (NYG) broth (0.8% nutrient broth, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.1% glucose). These were inoculated with 30 µl of the exponentially growing bacterial cells of Salmonella choleraesuis, E. coli, E. aerogenes, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgariis. After the incubation of the cultures at 37°C for 24 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The bacterial cells including Salmonella choleraesuis, E. coli, E. aerogenes, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgariis were precultured in 3 ml of NYG broth without shaking at 37°C for 16 h. This preculture was used for the antibacterial assay.

Test type:

not specified

Water media type:

not specified

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

3rd study: 48 hrs exposure provided

Post exposure observation period:

2nd and 4th study: After the 24 h of incubation period, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth.

3: After the 48 h of incubation period, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth.

Test temperature:

2nd and 4th study: 37°C
3: 30 °C

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations

Details on test conditions:

2: TEST SYSTEM
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Triplicates

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Culture medium different from test medium: No

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): After the 24 h of incubation period, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: The highest conc. of test chemical used for the study was 1600 mg/l.

3.: TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Test tubes
- No. of organisms per vessel: 105 CFU/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Triplicates

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): After the 48 h of incubation period, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth.


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: The highest conc. of test chemical used for the study was 1600 mg/l.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

other: MIC

Effect conc.:

12.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth inhibition

Remarks on result:

other: 2nd study

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

other: MIC

Effect conc.:

6.25 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth inhibition

Remarks on result:

other: 3rd study

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

other: MIC

Effect conc.:

12.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth inhibition

Remarks on result:

other: For test bacterial strains Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis ATCC 35640

Remarks:

4th study

2:

Table: Antibacterial activity (µg/ml) of test compound againstSalmonella choleraesuis subsp.choleraesuisATCC 35640. 

 

Test compound	2E - Alkenal
	MIC	MBC
Test chemical	12.5	12.5

3.

Table: Antifungal activity (µg/ml) of test compound againstSaccharomyces cerevisiaeATCC 7754.

 

 

Test compound	2E - Alkenal
	MIC	MBC
Test chemical	6.25	6.25

 

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

no

Conclusions:

2. Based on inhibition in growth of test organism Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis ATCC 35640, the MIC value was determine to be 12.5 mg/l.
3. Based on inhibition in growth of test organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754, the MIC and MFC value was determine to be 6.25 mg/l, respectively.
4. Based on inhibition in growth of test strain Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis ATCC 35640, the MIC value was determine to be 12.5 mg/l and the test compound did not show any antibacterial activity on test bacterial strain E. coli, E. aerogenes, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgariis, at a conc. upto 800 mg/l, respectively. Thus, the MIC value for these bacterial strains can be determine to be greater than 800 mg/l.

Executive summary:

Various studies available for the test chemical were reviewed to determine the toxic nature of test chemical on the growth and other activity of microorganisms. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

In the first study toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted on Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640 for 24 hrs. Broth macrodilution method was used for the antibacterial assay. The test chemical solution was prepared by dissolving the test substance in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). The highest conc. of test chemical used for the study was 1600 mg/l. Test organism Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesusATCC35640, was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). The cells of Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640 were precultured in 3 ml of NYG broth without shaking at 37°C for 16 h. This preculture was used for the antibacterial assay. Serial two fold dilutions of the test compound was prepared in DMF, and 30 µl of each dilution was added to 3 ml of Nutrient broth-yeast extract-glucose (NYG) broth (0.8% nutrient broth, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.1% glucose). These were inoculated with 30 µl of preculture of Salmonella choleraesuis. After the incubation of the cultures at 37°C for 24 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth. The MBC was also determined. After the determination of MIC, 100-fold dilutions with drug-free NYG broth from each tube showing no turbidity were incubated at 37°C for 48 hrs. After 48 hrs, the MBC was calculated. MBC was defined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that showed no visible growth in the drug-free cultivation. Based on inhibition in growth of test organism Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640, the MIC and MBC value was determine to be 12.5 mg/l, respectively.

 

 

Above study was supported by the second study from peer reviewed journal. Toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted on Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 for 48 hrs. Broth macrodilution method was used for the assay. The test chemical solution was prepared by dissolving the test substance in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). The highest conc. of test chemical used for the study was 1600 mg/l. Test organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754, was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA).S. cerevisiae was maintained at -80°C in yeast nitrogen broth (YNB) containing 25% glycerol and subcultured at 30°C in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) medium (Bactopeptone 1%, dextrose 4%, Bacto-agar 1.8%). A fresh culture was preincubated with shaking for 16 h at 30°C in 2.5% malt extract (ME) medium (BBL). Serial 2-fold dilutions of the test compounds were made in DMF, and 30µL of the sample solution was added to 3 mL of malt extract medium. These were inoculated with 30µL of seed culture to give the final inoculum of 105CFU/mL. The assay tubes were incubated without shaking at 30°C for 48 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth. After the MIC had been determined, MFC was also determined. For determination of MFC, a 30µl aliquot was taken from each clear tube and added into 3 mL of drug-free fresh medium. After 48 h of incubation, the MFC was determined as the lowest concentration of the test compounds in which no recovery of microorganism was observed. Based on inhibition of growth of test organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754, the MIC and MFC value was determine to be 6.25 mg/l, respectively.

 

Similar study of toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted on Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640,E. coli ATCC 9673,Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, and Proteus Vulgaris ATCC 13315 for 24 hrs. Broth dilution method was used for the antibacterial assay. The test chemical solution was prepared by dissolving the test substance in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). The highest conc. of test chemical used for the study was 1600 mg/l. Test organism Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640,E. coli ATCC 9673,Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, and Proteus Vulgaris ATCC 13315 were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA).The test bacterial strains were precultured in 3 ml of NYG broth without shaking at 37°C for 16 h. This preculture was used for the antibacterial assay. Serial 2-fold dilutions of the test compound was prepared in DMF, and 30 µl of each dilution was added to 3 ml of Nutrient broth-yeast extract-glucose (NYG) broth (0.8% nutrient broth, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.1% glucose). These were inoculated with 30 µl of the exponentially growing bacterial cells of Salmonella choleraesuis, E. coli, E. aerogenes, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgaris. After the incubation of the cultures at 37°C for 24 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth. The MBC was also determined. After the determination of MIC, 100-fold dilutions with drug-free NYG broth from each tube showing no turbidity were incubated at 37°C for 48 hrs. After 48 hrs, the MBC was calculated. MBC was defined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that showed no visible growth in the drug-free cultivation. Based on inhibition in growth of test strain Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640, the MIC value was found to be 12.5 mg/l and the test compound did not show any antibacterial activity of test bacterial strain E. coli, E. aerogenes, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgaris, at a conc. upto 800 mg/l, respectively. Thus, the MIC value for these bacterial strains was to be greater than 800 mg/l.

Description of key information

2. Based on inhibition in growth of test organism Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis ATCC 35640, the MIC value was determine to be 12.5 mg/l.

3. Based on inhibition in growth of test organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754, the MIC and MFC value was determine to be 6.25 mg/l, respectively.

4. Based on inhibition in growth of test strain Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis ATCC 35640, the MIC value was determine to be 12.5 mg/l and the test compound did not show any antibacterial activity on test bacterial strain E. coli, E. aerogenes, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgariis, at a conc. upto 800 mg/l, respectively. Thus, the MIC value for these bacterial strains can be determine to be greater than 800 mg/l.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for microorganisms:

6.25 mg/L

Additional information

Various studies available for the test chemical and structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals were reviewed to determine the toxic nature of test chemical on the growth and other activity of microorganisms. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

In the first study toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted on Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640 for 24 hrs. Broth macrodilution method was used for the antibacterial assay. The test chemical solution was prepared by dissolving the test substance in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). The highest conc. of test chemical used for the study was 1600 mg/l. Test organism Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesusATCC35640, was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). The cells of Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640 were precultured in 3 ml of NYG broth without shaking at 37°C for 16 h. This preculture was used for the antibacterial assay. Serial two fold dilutions of the test compound was prepared in DMF, and 30 µl of each dilution was added to 3 ml of Nutrient broth-yeast extract-glucose (NYG) broth (0.8% nutrient broth, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.1% glucose). These were inoculated with 30 µl of preculture of Salmonella choleraesuis. After the incubation of the cultures at 37°C for 24 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth. The MBC was also determined. After the determination of MIC, 100-fold dilutions with drug-free NYG broth from each tube showing no turbidity were incubated at 37°C for 48 hrs. After 48 hrs, the MBC was calculated. MBC was defined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that showed no visible growth in the drug-free cultivation. Based on inhibition in growth of test organism Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640, the MIC and MBC value was determine to be 12.5 mg/l, respectively.

 

 

Above study was supported by the second study from peer reviewed journal. Toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted on Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 for 48 hrs. Broth macrodilution method was used for the assay. The test chemical solution was prepared by dissolving the test substance in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). The highest conc. of test chemical used for the study was 1600 mg/l. Test organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754, was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA).S. cerevisiae was maintained at -80°C in yeast nitrogen broth (YNB) containing 25% glycerol and subcultured at 30°C in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) medium (Bactopeptone 1%, dextrose 4%, Bacto-agar 1.8%). A fresh culture was preincubated with shaking for 16 h at 30°C in 2.5% malt extract (ME) medium (BBL). Serial 2-fold dilutions of the test compounds were made in DMF, and 30µL of the sample solution was added to 3 mL of malt extract medium. These were inoculated with 30µL of seed culture to give the final inoculum of 105CFU/mL. The assay tubes were incubated without shaking at 30°C for 48 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth. After the MIC had been determined, MFC was also determined. For determination of MFC, a 30µl aliquot was taken from each clear tube and added into 3 mL of drug-free fresh medium. After 48 h of incubation, the MFC was determined as the lowest concentration of the test compounds in which no recovery of microorganism was observed. Based on inhibition of growth of test organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754, the MIC and MFC value was determine to be 6.25 mg/l, respectively.

 

Similar study of toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted on Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640,E. coli ATCC 9673,Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, and Proteus Vulgaris ATCC 13315 for 24 hrs. Broth dilution method was used for the antibacterial assay. The test chemical solution was prepared by dissolving the test substance in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). The highest conc. of test chemical used for the study was 1600 mg/l. Test organism Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640,E. coli ATCC 9673,Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, and Proteus Vulgaris ATCC 13315 were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA).The test bacterial strains were precultured in 3 ml of NYG broth without shaking at 37°C for 16 h. This preculture was used for the antibacterial assay. Serial 2-fold dilutions of the test compound was prepared in DMF, and 30 µl of each dilution was added to 3 ml of Nutrient broth-yeast extract-glucose (NYG) broth (0.8% nutrient broth, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.1% glucose). These were inoculated with 30 µl of the exponentially growing bacterial cells of Salmonella choleraesuis, E. coli, E. aerogenes, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgaris. After the incubation of the cultures at 37°C for 24 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that demonstrated no visible growth. The MBC was also determined. After the determination of MIC, 100-fold dilutions with drug-free NYG broth from each tube showing no turbidity were incubated at 37°C for 48 hrs. After 48 hrs, the MBC was calculated. MBC was defined as the lowest conc. of the test compound that showed no visible growth in the drug-free cultivation. Based on inhibition in growth of test strain Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuisATCC35640, the MIC value was found to be 12.5 mg/l and the test compound did not show any antibacterial activity of test bacterial strain E. coli, E. aerogenes, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgaris, at a conc. upto 800 mg/l, respectively. Thus, the MIC value for these bacterial strains was to be greater than 800 mg/l.