Zinc 3,5-bis(α-methylbenzyl)salicylate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

The acute oral LD50 is  1462 mg/kg bw.
The acute dermal LD50 is > 2000 mg/kg bw

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Read-across study therefore categorised as Klimisch 2.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Wister rats were used, comprising of 10 per group.

Route of administration:

oral: unspecified

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on oral exposure:

The test substance was prepared for use by grinding to a fine powder in a mortar and making a suspension in 0.5% Tragacantha solution. The test substance was kept in solution using a magnetic stirrer.

Doses:

0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 mg/kg body weight.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10 per group

Control animals:

yes

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 7 days
- Frequency of observations: No data
- Frequency of weighing: No data
- Necropsy of survivors performed: Autopsy of dead and surviving rats was performed.

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

2 500 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

1 720 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

95% CL:

1 246 - 2 374

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

2 125 mg/kg bw

Based on:

other: zinc 3,5-bis(α-methylbenzyl)salicylate

Remarks on result:

other: The test material contains 85% zinc 3,5-bis(α-methylbenzyl)salicylate

Sex:

female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

1 462 mg/kg bw

Based on:

other: zinc 3,5-bis(α-methylbenzyl)salicylate

Remarks on result:

other: The test material contains 85% zinc 3,5-bis(α-methylbenzyl)salicylate

Mortality:

Death rate showed a tendency to increase with the passage of time. There was no correlation between dosage level and number of deaths in males.
Male 2500 mg/kg bw: 50% mortality, male 2000 mg/kg bw: 20% mortality, male 1500 mg/kg bw: 40% mortality, male 1000 mg/kg bw: 10% mortality, male 500 mg/kg bw and 0 mg/kg bw: 0% mortality.
Female 2500 mg/kg bw: 60% mortality, female 2000 mg/kg bw: 70% mortality, female 1500 mg/kg bw: 40% mortality.

Clinical signs:

other: No specific change in condition occurred following administration.

Gross pathology:

According to the autopsy of dead an surviving animals after 7 days, there were no significant changes, but chalasis of the intestinal tract and a tendency to hypertrophy of the liver were observed.

Interpretation of results:

Toxicity Category IV

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

In this study, the LD50 was found to be 2500 mg/kg in male Wistar rats and 1720 mg/kg in female Wistar rats for a mixture containing 85% zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate. Therefore, for zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate, the LD50 in male Wistar rats is 2125 mg/kg bw and the LD50 in female Wistar rats is 1462 mg/kg bw based on the test material containing 85% zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate.

Executive summary:

An acute oral toxicity study with a mixture containing 85% zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate, was conducted in male and female Wistar rats.

The death rate showed a tendency to increase with time. There was no correlation between dosage level and number of deaths in males. According to the autopsy of dead and surviving animals after 7 days, there were no significant changes, but chalasis of the intestinal tract and a tendency to hypertrophy of the liver were observed. The LD50 was found to be 2500 mg/kg in male Wistar rats and 1720 mg/kg in female Wistar rats for a mixture containing 85% zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate. Therefore, for zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate, the LD50 in male Wistar rats is 2125 mg/kg bw and the LD50 in female Wistar rats is 1462 mg/kg bw based on the test material containing 85% zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate.

Zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate is therefore classified as Acute Oral Toxicity Category 4 in accordance with the CLP Regulation.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

1 462 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

Study is rated as Klimisch 2.

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

8 January to 28 January 2015

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP study conducted in accordance with OECD, EU and US guidelines.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.3 (Acute Toxicity (Dermal))

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.1200 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: CRL:(WI)

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Species and strain: CRL:(WI) rats
Source: Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, Germany GmbH, Sandhofer Weg 7, D-97633 Sulzfeld
Hygienic level at arrival: SPF
Hygienic level during the study: Standard housing conditions
Justification of strain: The Wistar rat is one of the standard rodent species used in acute toxicity studies
Number of animals: 5 animals/sex
Sex: Male and female, female rats were nulliparous and non-pregnant.
Age of animals at study start: Young adult rats
Body weight range at dosing: Between 219 g and 236 g
Acclimatization time: 6 days

Food and Water Supply
Animals received ssniff® SM R/M "Autoclavable complete diet for rats and mice – breeding and maintenance" produced by ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, D-59494 Soest Germany, ad libitum, and tap water from the municipal supply, as for human consumption from 500 ml bottle, ad libitum. The food is considered not to contain any contaminants that could reasonably be expected to affect the purpose or integrity of the study and the water was considered fit for human consumption.
The batch of feed employed in the study was as follows: 680 2237, expiry date: March 2015
The supplier provided an analytical certificate for the batch used. Copy of the certificates will be archived with the raw data.
Water quality control analysis is performed once every three months and microbiological assessment is performed monthly, by Veszprém County Institute of State Public Health and Medical Officer Service (ÁNTSZ, H-8201 Veszprém, József A.u.36., Hungary). The quality control results are retained in the archives at CiToxLAB Hungary Ltd.

Animal Identification
The individual identification was performed using numbers written on the tail with a marker pen. The numbers were given on the basis of CiToxLAB Hungary Ltd.' s Master File for each animal allocated to the treatment groups. The cages were identified by cards containing information about study code, sex, dose group, cage number and individual animal number.

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on dermal exposure:

A single dermal application was made and was followed by a fourteen-day observation period. Sufficient water was used to dampen the test material to ensure good contact with the skin.

Procedure
The back of each animal was shaved (approximately 10 % area of the total body surface) approximately 24 hours prior to treatment. The test item was applied as a single dose, moistened with water to the shaved skin and remained in contact with the skin for the 24-hour exposure period. Sterile gauze pads were placed on the skin of rats to cover the test item. These gauze pads were kept in contact with the skin using a patch with adhesive hypoallergenic plaster. The entire trunk of the animal was then wrapped with semi occlusive plastic wrap for 24 hours.
At the end of the exposure period, the area of skin treated with the test item was washed with water of body temperature.

Duration of exposure:

24 hours

Doses:

2000 mg/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5 animals per sex per dose

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

Clinical Observations
Clinical observations were performed on the day of treatment at 1 and 5 hours after application of the test item and once each day for 14 days thereafter. Observations included the skin and fur, eyes and mucous membranes, the respiratory, circulatory, autonomic and central nervous system, somatomotor activity and behaviour pattern. Particular attention was directed to observation of tremors, convulsions, salivation, diarrhoea, lethargy, sleep and coma.

Skin Irritation
Adverse skin reactions at the site of application were recorded daily following the removal of the dressing.

Measurement of Body Weight
The body weights were recorded on Day 0 (before test item administration) and on Days 7 and 14 just before necropsy.

NECROPSY
Macroscopic examination was performed on all animals. All animals were anaesthetised with pentobarbital sodium (details in 3. 3.) and exsanguinated. After examination of the external appearance, the cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities were opened and the appearance of the tissues and organs was observed. All macroscopic changes were recorded.

Preliminary study:

Not applicable

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Mortality:

Test item did not cause mortality at the dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw.

Clinical signs:

other: There were no systemic clinical signs noted in any animal throughout the study.

Gross pathology:

No macroscopic observations were noted at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw.

Other findings:

No local dermal signs were observed after treatment with the test item during the 14 days observation period.

Interpretation of results:

not classified

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

The acute dermal median lethal dose (LD50) of the test item was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight in male and female CRL:(WI) rats.
According to the CLP Regulation, the test item is not classified for acute dermal toxicity.

Executive summary:

An acute dermal toxicity study was performed with test item in CRL:(WI) rats, in compliance with OECD Guideline No.: 402.

A limit test was carried out at 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) in both sexes (5 rats/sex). The test item was applied as supplied as a single dermal 24-hour exposure followed by a 14-day observation period. Sufficient water was used to dampen the test material to ensure good contact with the skin.

Clinical observations were performed on all animals at 1 and 5 hours after dosing and daily for 14 days thereafter. Body weight was measured prior to dosing on Day 0 and on Days 7 and 14. Gross macroscopic examination was performed on all animals at the end of the 2-week observation period (Day 14).

The results of the study were summarized as follows:

Mortality

Test item did not cause mortality at the dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw.

Systemic clinical signs

There were no systemic clinical signs noted in any animal throughout the study.

Local dermal signs

No local dermal signs were observed after treatment with the test item during the 14 days observation period.

Body weight and body weight gain

There were no treatment related effects on body weight or body weight gain during the observation period. However, a slight body weight loss was noted in one female rat at the dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw between Days 7 and 14.

Necropsy

No macroscopic observations were noted at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw.

The acute dermal median lethal dose (LD50) of the test item was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight in male and female CRL:(WI) rats.

According to the CLP Regulation, the test item is not classified for acute dermal toxicity.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

2 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

Study is rated as Klimisch 1.

Additional information

An acute oral toxicity study was conducted in male and female Wistar rats with a mixture containing 85% zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate. The death rate showed a tendency to increase with time. There was no correlation between dosage level and number of deaths in males. According to the autopsy of dead and surviving animals after 7 days, there were no significant changes, but chalasis of the intestinal tract and a tendency to hypertrophy of the liver were observed. The LD50 was found to be 2500 mg/kg in male Wistar rats and 1720 mg/kg in female Wistar rats for a mixture containing 85% zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate. Therefore, for zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate, the LD50 in male Wistar rats is 2125 mg/kg bw and the LD50 in female Wistar rats is 1462 mg/kg bw based on the test material containing 85% zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate.

An acute dermal toxicity study was performed with test item in CRL:(WI) rats, in compliance with OECD Guideline No.: 402. A limit test was carried out at 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) in both sexes (5 rats/sex). The test item was applied as supplied as a single dermal 24-hour exposure followed by a 14-day observation period. Sufficient water was used to dampen the test material to ensure good contact with the skin. The test item did not cause mortality at the dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw. There were no systemic clinical signs noted in any animal throughout the study. No local dermal signs were observed after treatment with the test item during the 14 days observation period. There were no treatment related effects on body weight or body weight gain during the observation period. However, a slight body weight loss was noted in one female rat at the dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw between Days 7 and 14. No macroscopic observations were noted at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw. The acute dermal median lethal dose (LD50) of the test item was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight in male and female CRL:(WI) rats. According to the CLP Regulation, the test item is not classified for acute dermal toxicity.

Justification for read-across

The acute oral toxicity study was conducted using a mixture containing 85% zinc 3,5-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)salicylate and 15% PSMS. PSMS is not considered to be a hazardous substance. Therefore, it is considered justified to read-across from this mixture to zinc 3,5-bis(α-methylbenzyl)salicylate.

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – oral endpoint
Only one study is available.

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – inhalation endpoint
Testing not scientifically necessary. Zinc 3,5-bis(α-methylbenzyl)salicylate has low vapour pressure (0.27 kPa at 20 degrees C) and so the likelihood that inhalable atmospheres may be generated is low. In addition, the substance is only supplied in an emulsion. Animal studies to investigate acute inhalation toxicity are therefore not scientifically justified.

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – dermal endpoint
Only one study is available.

Justification for classification or non-classification

The above studies have been ranked reliability 1 or 2 according to the Klimisch et al system. This ranking was deemed appropriate because the studies were conducted according to recognised test methods. Sufficient dose ranges and numbers are detailed; hence they were appropriate for use based on reliability and animal welfare grounds.

The above results trigger classification under the CLP Regulation (EC No 1272/2008) as Acute Oral Toxicity Category 4. 

According to the CLP Regulation, the test item is not classified for acute dermal toxicity.