2-Chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Stock solution: at 0 hours
Control: at 0 and 48 hours
Test concentrations: at 0 and 48 hours

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Pretreatment of the test item
A stock solution was prepared to give the desired series of test concentrations. To achieve this 12.8 mg of the test item were added to 1 litre of dilution water and treated for 1 hour in an ultrasonic bath and afterwards stirred for 24 hours on a magnetic stirrer. Finally undissolved particles of the test item were removed by filtration using a folded filter of pore size 7-12 µm.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

- Name: Daphnia magna STRAUS, parthenogenetic females
- Source: Strain of Bundesgesundheitsamt Berlin
- Maintenance and Acclimatisation: A population of parthenogenetic females of synchronized age structure is maintained since more than 15 years in the test facility under constant temperature conditions (20 +/- 1 °C) at a 16 : 8 hour light-dark photoperiod (illumination: < 1000 lux). The culture water (so-called 'M4 medium') is partly renewed once a week. The Daphnia are exclusively fed with unicellular green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) 'ad libitum'. Mortalities of parent Daphnia during the culture period are recorded daily in a semi-quantitative way. The neonates are separated from their parent Daphnia by filtration prior to the acute test.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

14.4 °dH

Test temperature:

mean +/- 1 °C (in the temperature range 18-22 °C)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Test concentration/s (nominal): 0.313, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/L
Recovery rates ranged from 98.9 - 100% of nominal values at 0 hours, and from 87.5 - 95.8% of nominal values at 48 hours, respectively.

Details on test conditions:

- Test vessels: 50 mL glass beakers holding 10 neonates in 20 mL of test medium
- Experimental design: 5 test concentrations plus 1 control, 10 neonates per vessel, 2 replicates per concentration/control, no feeding during the exposure period
- static system
- Method of initiation: neonates were placed in prepared media
- Photoperiod: 16 h light : 8 h dark
- Temperature: mean +/- 1 °C (in the temperature range 18-22 °C)
- Aeration: none
- Test concentration/s (nominal): 0.313, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/L
- Method of administration: stock solution
- Medium renewal: none
- Duration of exposure: 48 hours
- Criteria of effects: The criterion of adverse effects used in this study was the item-induced alteration of the normal mobility behaviour and the loss of locomotory actions of the neonates, observed at 24 and 48 hours.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

2.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

The results are expressed in terms of nominal concentrations at 48h. Recovery rates ranged from 98.9 - 100% of nominal values at 0 hours, and from 87.5 - 95.8% of nominal
values at 48 hours, respectively.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

immobilisation in the controls did not exceed 10% by the end of the test; dissolved oxygen concentration should remained above 3 mg/L throughout the exposure period

Conclusions:

An 48h-EC50 of 2.8 mg/L was determined for 2-chloro-5chloromethylpyridine towards daphnids.

Executive summary:

A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of 2 -chloro-5 -chloromethylpyridine to Daphnia magna STRAUS under static conditions.

The study was conducted in accordance with EEC Methods for Determination of Ecotoxicity Part C, Method 2 'Acute toxicity for Daphnia' which is in most parts equivalent to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 202 'Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test and Reproduction Test, Part I - The 24h EC50 Acute Immobilisation Test'.

The Daphnia were exposed to a range of concentrations, nominally 0.313, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/L of 2-chloro-5 -chloromethylpyridine dissolved in water for 48 h. Ten neonates per vessel and 2 replicates per concentration/control were exposed. Auxiliaries used to prepare the test media were an ultrasonic bath, a magnetic stirrer and a folded filter.

Observations were made on the swimming ability and the immobilisation rate, respectively, after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. The following values were determined: 48h -EC50: 2.8 mg/L.

The results are expressed in terms of nominal concentrations at 24h and 48h. Recovery rates ranged from 98.9 - 100% of nominal values at 0 hours, and from 87.5 - 95.8% of nominal values at 48 hours, respectively.

Description of key information

A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of 2 -chloro-5 -chloromethylpyridine to Daphnia magna STRAUS under static conditions.

The study was conducted in accordance with EEC Methods for Determination of Ecotoxicity Part C, Method 2 'Acute toxicity for Daphnia' which is in most parts equivalent to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 202 'Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test and Reproduction Test, Part I - The 24h EC50 Acute Immobilisation Test'.

The Daphnia were exposed to a range of concentrations, nominally 0.313, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/L of 2-chloro-5 -chloromethylpyridine dissolved in water for 48 h. Ten neonates per vessel and 2 replicates per concentration/control were exposed. Auxiliaries used to prepare the test media were an ultrasonic bath, a magnetic stirrer and a folded filter.

Observations were made on the swimming ability and the immobilisation rate, respectively, after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. The following values were determined: 48h -EC50: 2.8 mg/L.

The results are expressed in terms of nominal concentrations at 24h and 48h. Recovery rates ranged from 98.9 - 100% of nominal values at 0 hours, and from 87.5 - 95.8% of nominal values at 48 hours, respectively.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

2.8 mg/L