1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone

Guidance on Safe Use

First-aid measures

Inhalation:

Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel. It may be dangerous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Get medical attention if adverse health effects persist or are severe. If unconscious, place in recovery position and get medical attention immediately. Maintain an open airway. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.

Ingestion:

Wash out mouth with water. Remove dentures if any. Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. If material has been

swallowed and the exposed person is conscious, give small quantities of water to drink. Stop if the exposed person feels sick as vomiting may be dangerous. Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. If vomiting occurs, the head should be kept low so that vomit does not enter the lungs. Get medical attention if adverse health effects persist or are severe. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If unconscious, place in recovery position and get medical attention immediately. Maintain an open airway. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.

Skin contact:

Wash contaminated skin with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention if symptoms occur. Wash clothing before reuse. Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.

Eye contact:

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Check for and remove any contact lenses. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention if irritation occurs.

Fire-fighting measures

Extinguishing media

Suitable extinguishing media:       Use dry chemical powder.

Unsuitable extinguishing media:       Do not use water jet.

Hazards from the substance or mixture: Fine dust clouds may form explosive mixtures with air. This material is very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Fire water contaminated with this material must

be contained and prevented from being discharged to any waterway, sewer or drain.

Hazardous thermal decomposition products: Decomposition products may include the following materials:

carbon dioxide

carbon monoxide

Special protective actions for fire-fighters: Promptly isolate the scene by removing all persons from the vicinity of the incident if there is a fire. No action shall be taken involving any personal risk or without suitable training. Move containers from fire area if this can be done without risk. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Fire-fighters should wear appropriate protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face-piece operated in positive pressure mode. Clothing for fire-fighters (including helmets, protective boots and gloves) conforming to European standard EN 469 will provide a basic level of protection for chemical incidents.

Accidental release measures

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

No action shall be taken involving any personal risk or without suitable training. Keep unnecessary and unprotected personnel from entering. Do not touch or walk through spilt material. Shut off all ignition sources. No flares, smoking or flames in hazard area. Avoid breathing dust. Provide adequate ventilation. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Put on appropriate personal protective equipment.

Environmental precautions

Avoid dispersal of spilt material and runoff and contact with soil, waterways, drains and sewers. Inform the relevant authorities if the product has caused environmental pollution (sewers, waterways, soil or air). Water polluting material. Collect spillage.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:

Small spill: Move containers from spill area. Use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment. Vacuum or sweep up material and place in a designated, labelled waste container. Dispose of via a licensed waste disposal contractor.

Large spill:

Move containers from spill area. Prevent entry into sewers, water courses, basements or confined areas. Use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment. Approach the release from upwind. Vacuum or sweep up material and place in a designated, labelled waste container. Avoid creating dusty conditions and prevent wind dispersal. Dispose of via a licensed waste disposal contractor.

Handling and storage

Precautions for safe handling:

Protective measures: Put on appropriate personal protective equipment. Do not ingest.Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Avoid release to the environment. Avoid the creation of dust when handling and avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame). Prevent dust accumulation. Use only with adequate ventilation. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Keep in the original container or an approved alternative made from a compatible material, kept tightly closed when not in use. Electrical equipment and lighting should be protected to appropriate standards to prevent dust coming into contact with hot surfaces, sparks or other ignition sources. Take precautionary measures against electrostatic discharges. To avoid fire or explosion, dissipate static electricity during transfer by earthing and bonding containers and equipment before transferring material. Empty containers retain product residue and can be hazardous. The product is registered with strictly controlled conditions as defined in Article 17(3) or 18(4) of regulation (EC) no. 1907/2006(REACH Regulation) and must therefore be handled as such. Refer to the industry guidance prepared by Concawe/Cefic/EFCG for advice on the confirmation of strictly controlled conditions.

Advice on general occupational hygiene: Eating, drinking and smoking should be prohibited in areas where this material is handled, stored and processed. Workers should wash hands and face before eating, drinking and smoking. Remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment before entering eating areas.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Store in accordance with local regulations. Store in a segregated and approved area. Store in original container protected from direct sunlight in a dry, cool and wellventilated area, away from incompatible materials (see Section 10) and food and drink. Eliminate all ignition sources. Separate from oxidizing materials. Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use. Containers that have been opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Do not store in unlabelled containers. Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination.

Transport information

Shipping

SpecialProvisions

Shipping

Remarks

Marine transport (UN RTDG/IMDG)

Shipping

Remarks

Shipping

Remarks

SpecialProvisions

Exposure controls / personal protection

Recommended monitoring procedures: If this product contains ingredients with exposure limits, personal, workplace atmosphere or biological monitoring may be required to determine the effectiveness of the ventilation or other control measures and/or the necessity to use respiratory protective equipment. Reference should be made to monitoring standards, such as the following: European Standard EN 689 (Workplace atmospheres - Guidance for the assessment of exposure by inhalation to chemical agents for comparison with limit values and measurement strategy), European Standard EN 14042 (Workplace atmospheres - Guide for the application and use of procedures for the assessment of exposure to chemical and biological agents), European Standard EN 482 (Workplace atmospheres - General requirements for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents). Reference to national guidance documents for methods for the determination of hazardous substances will also be required.

Appropriate engineering controls: Use only with adequate ventilation. The engineering controls also need to keep gas, vapour or dust concentrations below any lower explosive limits. The assessment of potential dust hazards must be carried out based on handling and quantity. Safeguards according relevant regulations must be applied. In cases of accident and where waste is generated, procedural and/or control technologies shall be used to minimise emissions and the resulting exposure during purification or cleaning and maintenance procedures. Procedural and control technologies shall be used that minimise emission and any resulting exposure. The substance shall be rigorously contained by technical means during its whole lifecycle including manufacture, purification, cleaning and maintenance of equipment, sampling, analysis, loading and unloading of equipment or vessels, waste disposal or purification and storage.

Hygiene measures: Wash hands, forearms and face thoroughly after handling chemical products, before eating, smoking and using the lavatory and at the end of the working period. Appropriate techniques should be used to remove potentially contaminated clothing. Wash contaminated clothing before reusing. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are close to the workstation location.

Eye/face protection: Safety eyewear complying with an approved standard should be used when a risk assessment indicates this is necessary to avoid exposure to liquid splashes, mists, gases or dusts. If contact is possible, the following protection should be worn, unless the assessment indicates a higher degree of protection: safety glasses with side-shields. If operating conditions cause high dust concentrations to be produced, use dust goggles.

Recommended: Tightly fitting safety goggles.

Hand protection: Chemical-resistant, impervious gloves complying with an approved standard should be worn at all times when handling chemical products if product contact cannot be excluded. Considering the parameters specified by the glove manufacturer, check during use that the gloves are still retaining their protective properties. It should be noted that the time to breakthrough for any glove material may be different for different glove manufacturers. In the case of mixtures, consisting of several substances, the protection time of the gloves cannot be accurately estimated. After contamination with product change the gloves immediately and dispose of them according to relevant national and local regulations.

Recommended: (< 1 hour) PVC.

Other skin protection: Personal protective equipment for the body should be selected based on the task being performed and the risks involved and should be approved by a specialist before handling this product.

Respiratory protection: If exposure cannot be ruled out, e.g. during product transfer, sampling or maintenance, a well-fitting respiratory mask conforming to standards or well-fitting respiratory device conforming to standards must be worn. Respirator selection must be based on known or anticipated exposure levels, the hazards of the product and the safe working limits of the selected respirator.

Recommended: Respiratory protection: Dust-protection mask if there is a risk of dust formation.

Environmental exposure controls: In some cases, special waste water treatment, fume scrubbers, filters or engineering modifications to the process equipment will be necessary to reduce emissions to acceptable levels.

Stability and reactivity

Chemical stability: The product is stable.

Possibility of hazardous reactions: Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous reactions will not occur.

Conditions to avoid: Avoid the creation of dust when handling and avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame). Take precautionary measures against electrostatic discharges. To avoid fire or explosion, dissipate static electricity during transfer by earthing and bonding containers and equipment before transferring material. Prevent dust accumulation. In the case of dusty organic products the possibility of a dust explosion should always be considered.

Incompatible materials: Reactive or incompatible with the following materials: oxidizing materials.

Hazardous decomposition products: Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous decomposition products should not be produced.

Disposal considerations

Product:

Methods of disposal: The generation of waste should be avoided or minimised wherever possible. Disposal of this product, solutions and any by-products should at all times comply with the requirements of environmental protection and waste disposal legislation and any regional local authority requirements. Dispose of surplus and non-recyclable products via a licensed waste disposal contractor. Waste should not be disposed of untreated to the sewer unless fully compliant with the requirements of all authorities with jurisdiction.

Hazardous waste: The classification of the product may meet the criteria for a hazardous waste.

Packaging:

Methods of disposal: The generation of waste should be avoided or minimised wherever possible. Waste packaging should be recycled. Incineration or landfill should only be considered when recycling is not feasible.

Special precautions: This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way. Care should be taken when handling emptied containers that have not been cleaned or rinsed out. Empty containers or liners may retain some product residues. Avoid dispersal of spilt material and runoff and contact with soil, waterways, drains and sewers.