5-[[4-chloro-6-[(3-sulphophenyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-4-hydroxy-3-[[4-[[2-(sulphooxy)ethyl]sulphonyl]phenyl]azo]naphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid, sodium salt

Repeated dose toxicity: oral

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1. Feb to 1 Mar 1990

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1990

Report date:

1990

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 407 (Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

-

EC Number:

405-900-0

EC Name:

-

Cas Number:

111211-40-6

Molecular formula:

C29H22ClN7Na4O19S6

IUPAC Name:

tetrasodium 5-{[4-chloro-6-(4-{[2-(sulfonatooxy)ethyl]sulfonyl}anilino) -1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino}-4-hydroxy-3-[(4-{[2-(sulfonatooxy)ethyl]sulfonyl}phenyl) diazenyl]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Details on test material:

see below

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Hoechst AG
- Strain: Hoe:WISKf (SPF71)
- Age at study initiation: approx. 6 weeks
- Housing: 5 rats/cage
- Diet (ad libitum): Altromin 1324
- Water (ad libitum): tap water
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22±3
- Humidity (%): 50±20
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

water

Details on oral exposure:

VEHICLE
- Preparation: daily
- Concentration in vehicle: 1.2.5, 5, 20%
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 5 mL/kg

Route of administration: oral by gavage
Vehicle: deonized water
Number of applications: 28 in 29 days
Frequency of application: a total of 28 applications, 7 days per week
Time of application: between 9.30 and 12.00 a.m.
Frequency of test compound preparation: daily, immediately prior to application

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Single exemplary analysis of formulation concentrations was conducted during the study after application.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Test duration: 28 days

Frequency of treatment:

Dosing regime: 7 days/week

Doses / concentrations

Doses / concentrations 1

Dose / conc.:

62.5 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

Concentrations: 12.5 mg/mL

Doses / concentrations 2

Dose / conc.:

250 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

Concentrations: 50 mg/mL

Doses / concentrations 3

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

Concentrations: 200 mg/mL

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

The test substance was administered orally by gavage to SPF-Wistar rats over a period of 29 days (a total of 28 applications, 7 days a week) at dose levels of 0, 62.5, 250 or 1000 mg kg body weight. Behavior and general state of health were examined in all study groups. Body weights and food consumption were recorded twice a week, water consumption once weekly.
Hematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis were performed at study end. During necropsy the animals were examined for macroscopically visible abnormalities, the main organs were weighed and the organ to body weight ratios calculated. Relevant organs of the animals were processed for histopathological examination and checked for microscopically visible changes.
Body weights, hematological and clinical chemistry data, albumin and globulin values, urine data (pH-value and specific weight) as well as the absolute and relative organ weights were analyzed with the aid of a statistical program to show differences compared to control groups.

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least once daily

Behavior and general state of health

Behavior and general state of health of all animals were checked twice dailyI on weekends and public holidays once daily. All rats were weekly examined for neurological disorders, turbidity of the refracting media of the eyes, lesions of the oral mucosa and disturbances of the dental growth.

Bodyweight

Body weight of all animals was recorded once prior start of study and twice weekly thereafter

Food and Water consumption

Food consumption was calculated continuously (2 measurements / week). The printed measurements refer to the intervals between the body weight measurements. They are calculated as food consumption /100g body weight /day.

Water consumption was measured once weekly. It is expressed as consumption /100g body weight within 16 hours (15.15 p.m. -7.15 a.m.).

Hematology

At study end the hemogram was examined in all male and female animals without previous withdrawal of food. Blood was sampled from the retrobulbar venous plexus. In order to avoid systematic errors blood sampling was conducted according to a Randomization scheme
The following hematological parameters were determined:

Erythrocyte counts
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Leukocyte counts
Thrombocyte counts
Differential blood count
Reticulocyte counts*
Heinz Body counts*
Coagulation Time

* These parameters were only evaluated in the animals from the control and 1000 mg/kg/d group.

Furtheron the values for MCV, MCH, and MCHC were calculated.

Clinical chemistry

After blood sampling from the retrobulbar venous plexus for hematological investigations, the animals were killed in Nembutal narcosis (injection of approx. 50 mg/kg Lp.) by cutting of the vena cava cranialis and exsanguination. In order to avoid systematic killing and exsanguination was conducted randomly according to a Randomization scheme.

The following Clinical chemistry parameters were examined:
Sodium
Potassium
Inorganic phosphorous
Uric acid
Bilirubin total
Creatinine
Glucose in serum
Urea-N (Bun)
Calcium
Chloride
ASAT (GOT)
ALAT (GPT)
Alkaline phosphatise (AP)
Gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase
Total Protein
Albumin and Globulin

Urinalysis
The urine was collected in metabolism cages overnight from study day 26/27 (approx. 16 h) from non-fed and non-watered animals. Urinalysis was performed in all male and female animals and consisted of the following parameters:

Color
pH-Value
Hemoglobin
Protein
Glucose
Keton bodies
Bilirubin
Uribilinogen
Specific weight
Sediment*

* These parameters were only evaluated in the animals from the contral and 1000 mg/kg/d group as weil as in one male animal of the 250 mg/kg group which showed Hemoglobin in urine.

Sacrifice and pathology:

Necropsy and macroscopic observations

After killing and exsanguination the animals were necropsied. The autopsy included the macroscopic examination of the skin, orifices, eyes, teeth, oral mucosa and internal organs. All abnormal findings were recorded.

Organ weights

The following organs were weighed and the organ to body weight (100g) ratio calculated:

Heart Spleen Lung Testes Liver Adrenals Kidneys

Histological examinations

The following organs or pieces of them were submitted into fixative according to Dissection

Heart
Jejunum
Lung
Colon
Liver
Thymus
Kidneys
Testes
Spleen
Adrenals
Stomach
Bone marrow (Femur)

Other examinations:

None

Statistics:

The following parameters were evaluated for statistically significant differences in comparison to the control (p= 0.05):

Body weight at each specific measurement point
Body weight course from study day -2 to 29
Hematological parameters (except Differential Blood Count)
Clinical Chemistry parameters (except GGT)
Albumin and Globulin values
Organ weights. absolute and relative
pH-Value and specific weight of urines

The evaluation was performed with the aid of a program package for the evaluation of toxicological studies, according to the Standard Operating Procedure by Dr. Passing, Department of Applied Mathematics, Department of Pharma Research Informatics.

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not examined

Food efficiency:

no effects observed

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

no effects observed

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Urinalysis findings:

no effects observed

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

no effects observed

Details on results:

Behaviour and general state of health and lethality

Behaviour and general state of health of the animals remained unobtrusive during the whole course of the study. No neurological disorders, opacity of the refracting media of the eyes, disturbances of the dental growth or alterations in the oral mucosa were detected which are related to the administration of the test compound. Faeces of animals of the 1000 mg/kg test group were red discolored, beginning with day 6. There were no unscheduled deaths throughout the study.

Body weight development

Statistical evaluation of the body weight development revealed no deviations compared to the control.

Food and water consumption

Absolute and relative food consumption remained unaffected by the test compound in all dose groups throughout the study.

Relative water consumption also remained unimpaired by the administration of the test compound.

Hematology

Hematological examinations resulted in male animals of the 62.5 mg/kg group in statistically significant decreased coagulation times. Due to a lack of dose dependency a compound related effect can be excluded. Differential blood counts showed no abnormal deviations in both sexes.

Clinical chemistry

Statistical evaluation of clinical chemistry parameters resulted in male animals of the 250 mg/kg group in statistically significant increased sodium values. Furtheron, inorganic phosphorus, uric acid, serum glucose and alkaline phosphatase values were decreased in female rats of the 62.5 mg/kg group and calcium values in the 250 mg/kg group. In all cases, the values were within the physiological range of the used rat strain and did not show a dose dependency. Hence, they were considered to be not compound related.

Urea values were statistically significant increased in female rats of the 250 and 1000 mg/kg group. Again, the individual data were within the physiological range of the used rat strain and a compound related effect is supposed to be unlikely.

Serum electrophoresis resulted in increased alpha 2 globulin values in female rats of the 250 mg/kg group and slightly decreased beta 1 globulin values in the 250 and 1000 mg/kg group.

As a result of the minor changes and the missing dose dependency, a correlation with the administration of the test compound is not obvious.

Urinalysis

Urinalysis remained inconspicuous. Only in the high dose group a discoloration of the urine was observed.

Organ weights
Relative organ weights of the lungs were decreased in male rats of the 250 mg/kg group but, due to the absence of a dose dependency a compound related effect is considered to be unlikely.

Macroscopic and microscopic findings

Macroscopic examination showed isolated pyelectasis. The kidneys of the animals of the 1000 mg/kg group were red discolored, and additionally the testes of the male animals. One animal's testes were atrophied.

Microscopic examination revealed resorption vacuoles with a homogeneous content in the tubular epithelial cells of the convoluted segment of the proximal tubulus of the renal cortex in two female animals of the highest dose group. This finding indicates a of the dye from the primary urine and its intracellular Iysosomal deposition.

A deposition of substance in the kidneys of a kind as described was not detected in the remaining animals of this dose group. Likewise, a deposition of the dye in the tissue of the testes was not detected

Effect levels

1

Dose descriptor:

NOEL

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male

Remarks on result:

not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects

2

Dose descriptor:

NOEL

Effect level:

250 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

female

Basis for effect level:

other: histopathology - resorption of dye - no toxicological adverse effect

3

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Remarks on result:

not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects

Remarks:

Discoloration of excreta and organs. Renal re-absorption of dye - not considered to be toxicological relevant adverse effects.

Target system / organ toxicity

Critical effects observed:

no

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The oral administration of the test substance at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks resulted in microsopically visible re-absorption of the dye in the kidneys of two female animals. There was no evidence in clinical chemistry and histopathology of an adverse effect on the renal function. The administration of the test compound in a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day did not induce any evident relevant compound-related changes in male animals. The NOAEL was therefore considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day.

Executive summary:

The test substance was administered orally by gavage to SPF-Wistar rats over a period of 29 days (a total of 28 applications, 7 days a week) at dose levels of 0, 62.5, 250 or 1000 mg/kg body weight. Behavior and general state of health were examined in all study groups. Body weights and food consumption were recorded twice a week, water consumption once weekly.

Hematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis were performed at study end. During necropsy the animals were examined for macroscopically visible abnormalities, the main organs were weighed and the organ to body weight ratios calculated. Relevant organs of the animals were processed for histopathological examination and checked for microscopically visible changes.

Body weights, hematological and clinical chemistry data, albumin and globulin values, urine data (pH-value and specific weight) as well as the absolute and relative organ weights were analyzed with the aid of a statistical program to show differences compared to control groups.

 

Behavior, general state of health, body weight development as well as food and water consumption remained unaffected by the administration of the test compound. Feces of animals of the 1000 mg/kg test group were red discolored, beginning with day 6.

There was no evidence for compound-related toxicity in hematology and clinical chemistry. Urine was red-brown discolored in all animals of the 1000 mg/kg test group.

Evaluation of absolute and relative organ weights showed no compound-related effects.

Necropsy revealed red discoloration of the kidneys in all animals of the 1000 mg/kg test group. Additionally, the testes of the male animals were red discolored. Vacuolization of the epithelial cells of the renal cortex was microscopically observed in two female animals of this test group which are considered to be a result of an increased re-absorption and subsequent deposition of the test compound.

Summarizing, the 29-day oral administration of the test substance at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day resulted in two female animals in microsopic renal findings as described above. There was no evidence in clinical chemistry and histopathology of an adverse effect on the renal function. The administration of the test compound in a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day did not induce any evident relevant compound-related changes in male animals. The NOAEL was therefore considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day in both genders.

With regard to the present study the No Observed Effect Level (NOEL) is 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for male and 250 mg/kg body weight day for female animals due to the re-absorption of the dye.There was no clear evidence of a toxic effect in female animals even after administration of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day.