Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 202-112-7 | CAS number: 91-97-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1998-05-19 to 1998-05-22 (definitive study) and 1997-12-19 to 1997-12-22 (range-finding study)
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1984
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- pH deviation in control cultures > 1.5 pH units but increase in cell concentration > factor 16
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see above
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: solvent control (0 mg/L) and 4.0 mg/L; stock solution
- Sampling method: Water samples were taken at 0 and 72 hours for quantitative analysis.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: no (analysis was done immediately after preparation) - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Dissolving of 2 g test material in dimethylformamide; volume adjusted to 50 mL to give a 2 g/50 mL solvent stock solution. An aliquot (100 µL) of this solvent stock solution was dispersed in algal suspension (1 litre) to give the required test concentration of 4.0 mg/L.
- Pre-study recovery analysis showed that the test material was highly unstable in aqueous media. Therefore the test media for replicates R1-R3 and R4-R6 were each prepared separately from the solvent stock solution, a sample of which was extracted for chemcial analysis immediately upon preparation in order to minimise the loss of test material due to hydrolysis. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green alga
- Strain: CCAP 276/20
- Source: Culture Centre for Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Ferry House, Ambleside, Cumbria
- Method of cultivation: Culture maintenance by periodic replenishment of culture medium. The culture was maintained in the laboratory at a temperature of 21 ± 1 "C under continuous illumination (intensity approximately 7000 lux) and constant aeration. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 24 ± 1°C
- pH:
- pH 7.5 (0 h) to pH 9.0-10.6 (72 h)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentration: 4 mg/L
measured concentration (at 0 hours): 2.99 mg/L (replicates R1-R3), 3.14 mg/L (replicates R4-R6)
measured concentration (at 72 hours): 0.648 mg/L (replicates R1-R3), 0.579 mg/L (replicates R4-R6) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: conical flasks
- Type: closed (covered with alumium foil)
- Material, size, fill volume: glass, 250 mL, 100 mL
- Initial cells density: 10E+4 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 2.70 x 10E+5 cells/mL (control), 2.37 x 10E+5 cells/mL (solvent control)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- According to OECD 201 (AAP-medium)
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: approximately 7000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: electronic particle counter (at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.40 and 4.0 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: The results showed no effect on growth at either concentration tested. During preliminary solubility work precipitation of test material was observed (by visual inspection) at concentrations in excess of 4.0 mg/l indicating this to be the highest test concentration that could be prepared under these test conditions. Based on this information a single test concentration of six replicates, of 4.0 mg/l was selected for the definitive study. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Student t-test was carried out on the area under the growth curve data at 72 h for the solvent control, the 4.0 mg/L test concentration.
There were no statistically significant differences (with P equal to or grater than 0.05), between the solvent control and the 4.0 mg/L test group. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The effect of the test material on the growth of Scenedesmus subspicatus has been investigated and gave 72-hour EC50 values of greater than 4.0 mg/L. Correspondingly the No Observed Effect Concentration was greater than or equal to 4.0 mg/L.
The EC50 values based on the time-weighted mean measured test concentrations were greater than 1.5 mg/L, and correspondingly the No Observed Effect Concentration was greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/L. - Executive summary:
Methods:
A study was performed to assess the effect of the test material on the growth of the green alga Scenedesmus subspicatus. The method followed that described in the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1984) No 201, "Alga, Growth Inhibition Test" referenced as Method C.3 of Commission Directive 92/69/EEC.
Procedure:
Following a preliminary range-finging study, Scenedesmus subspicatus was exposed to an aqueous dispersion of the test material at a concentration of 4.0 mg/L (six replicate flasks) for 72 hours, under constant illumination and shaking at a temperature of 24 ± 1°C. Samples of the algal populations were removed daily and cell concentrations determined for each control and treatment group using a Coulter ® Multisizer II Particle Counter.
Results:
Exposure of Scenedesmus subspicatus to the test material gave EC50 values greater than 4.0 mg/L and correspondingly the No Observed Effect Concentration was greater than or equal to 4.0 mg/L.
The test concentration was the highest attainable test concentration that could be prepared due to the limited solubility of the test material in water and auxiliary solvent and having due regard to the amount of auxiliary solvent permitted in the test under the OECD Guidelines.
Pre-study stability analyses performed showed the test material to be highly unstable in aqueous media, with hydrolysis occurring virtually instantaneously on contact with water. The degradation product was found to be insoluble in organic and aqueous solvents, negating the possibility of quantitative analysis of the degradant. Therefore all sovlent stock and test solutions prepared at 0 hours were extracted and analysed immediately after preparation.
Analysis of the test solutions at 0 hours showed the measured test concentrations to be 75% and 79% of nominal. There was a marked decline in measured test concentrations after 72 hours to 16% and 14% nominal.
These results show that despite immediate extraction and analysis of the 0 hour test sample, it was not possible to attain near nominal test concentrations due to the rapid hydrolysis of the test material, and that further hydrolysis occured over the study period. Therefore in order to give a worst case analysis of the data it was considered justifiable to base the results on the time-wighted mean measured test concentrations.
The EC50 values, based on the time-weighted mean measure test concentrations were greater than 1.5 mg/L and correspondingly the No Observed Effect Concentration was greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/L.
So, even at concentrations exceeding the water solubility of the test item, no effects were noted. Consequently, no effects are expected in the aquatic environment.
Finally, this acute toxicity test in algae represents a worst case as the solubility of TODI (and its degradation / hydrolysis product) in water was increased by an auxiliary solvent and the study result is based on time-weighted-mean measured concentrations which can also be regarded as a further overestimation as EC50 refers to a substance concentration which was reduced due to hydrolysis.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 2001
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Each water sample of 100 mL was removed from each test vessel at 0 hour. Equal volume of samples were removed from replicate test vessels and mixed for each exposure or control group to 100 mL at 72 hours.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 23 +/- 2°C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations: 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10, 18, 32 mg/L
measured concentrations: 0.267, 0.545, 0.903, 1.75, 3.13, 5,73, 9.55 and 17.6 mg/L (0 hour); 0.205, 0.371, 0.794, 1.39, 2.67, 5.12, 8.85 and 15.5 mg/L (72 hours) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Type: closed
- Fill volume: 100 mL
- Initial cells density: 1 x 10E+4 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Light intensity and quality: 4000 - 5000 lx
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8 - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Doudoroff method
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this acute toxicity test with algae the 72-hour EC50 value was determined to be 4.6 mg/L, and the NOEC was determined as 1.0 mg/L based on growth rate.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the degradation product ( 4,4'-bi-o-toluidine) to algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) as requested by ECHA. The method followed that described in the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1984) No 201.
Algae (10E+4 cells/mL) were exposed to the test material over a range of nominal concentrations of 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10, 18 and 32 mg/L for a period of 72 hours under semi-static test conditions.
For analytical monitoring, each water sample of 100 mL was removed from each test vessel at 0 hour. Equal volume of samples were removed from replicate test vessels and mixed for each exposure or control group to 100 mL at 72 hours. Immediately the sample was analyzed by HPLC method. The recovery rate was determined as followed:103.0, 97.5, 99.5% (average: 100.0%) at 0.2 mg/L in media; 98.3, 99.0, 92.5% (average: 96.6%) at 40 mg/L in media.Temperatures of the test solution and pH values were measured at 24 hour intervals.
In this acute toxicity test with algae the 72-hour EC50 value was determined to be 4.6 mg/L, and the NOEC was determined as 1.0 mg/L based on growth rate.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
TODI was assessed in aquatic toxicity test
to algae according EU-method C.3 and OECD guideline 201. The 72-hour
EC50 value (nominal) was greater than 4.0 mg/L and correspondingly the
No Observed Effect Concentration was greater than or equal to 4.0 mg/L.
The 72-hour EC50 value based on the time-weighted mean
measure test concentrations was greater than 1.5 mg/L and
correspondingly the No Observed Effect Concentration was greater than or
equal to 1.5 mg/L.
So, even at concentrations exceeding the water solubility of the test
item, no effects were noted. Consequently, no effects are expected in
the aquatic environment.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 1.5 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 1.5 mg/L
Additional information
Key study
Methods:
A study was performed to assess the effect of the test material on the growth of the green alga Scenedesmus subspicatus. The method followed that described in the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1984) No 201, "Alga, Growth Inhibition Test" referenced as Method C.3 of Commission Directive 92/69/EEC.
Procedure:
Following a preliminary range-finging study, Scenedesmus subspicatus was exposed to an aqueous dispersion of the test material at a concentration of 4.0 mg/L (six replicate flasks) for 72 hours, under constant illumination and shaking at a temperature of 24± 1°C. Samples of the algal populations were removed daily and cell concentrations determined for each control and treatment group using a Coulter® Multisizer II Particle Counter.
Results:
Exposure of Scenedesmus subspicatus to the test material gave EC50 values greater than 4.0 mg/L and correspondingly the No Observed Effect Concentration was greater than or equal to 4.0 mg/L.
The test concentration was the highest attainable test concentration that could be prepared due to the limited solubility of the test material in water and auxiliary solvent and having due regard to the amount of auxiliary solvent permitted in the test under the OECD Guidelines.
Pre-study stability analyses performed showed the test material to be highly unstable in aqueous media, with hydrolysis occurring virtually instantaneously on contact with water. The degradation product was found to be insoluble in organic and aqueous solvents, negating the possibility of quantitative analysis of the degradant. Therefore all sovlent stock and test solutions prepared at 0 hours were extracted and analysed immediately after preparation.
Analysis of the test solutions at 0 hours showed the measured test concentrations to be 75% and 79% of nominal. There was a marked decline in measured test concentrations after 72 hours to 16% and 14% nominal.
These results show that despite immediate extraction and analysis of the 0 hour test sample, it was not possible to attain near nominal test concentrations due to the rapid hydrolysis of the test material, and that further hydrolysis occured over the study period. Therefore in order to give a worst case analysis of the data it was considered justifiable to base the results on the time-wighted mean measured test concentrations.
The EC50 values, based on the time-weighted mean measure test concentrations were greater than 1.5 mg/L and correspondingly the No Observed Effect Concentration was greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/L.
So, even at concentrations exceeding the water solubility of the test item, no effects were noted. Consequently, no effects are expected in the aquatic environment.
Finally, this acute toxicity test in algae represents a worst case as the solubility of TODI (and its degradation / hydrolysis product) in water was increased by an auxiliary solvent and the study result is based on time-weighted-mean measured concentrations which can also be regarded as a further overestimation as EC50 refers to a substance concentration which was reduced due to hydrolysis.
Supporting study
A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of TODI's degradation product ( 4,4'-bi-o-toluidine) to algae (Selenastrum capricornutum). The method followed that described in the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1984) No 201.
Algae (10E+4 cells/mL) were exposed to the test material over a range of nominal concentrations of 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10, 18 and 32 mg/L for a period of 72 hours under static test conditions.
For analytical monitoring, each water sample of 100 mL was removed from each test vessel at 0 hour. Equal volume of samples were removed from replicate test vessels and mixed for each exposure or control group to 100 mL at 72 hours. Immediately the sample was analyzed by HPLC method. The recovery rate was determined as followed:103.0, 97.5, 99.5% (average: 100.0%) at 0.2 mg/L in media; 98.3, 99.0, 92.5% (average: 96.6%) at 40 mg/L in media.Temperatures of the test solution and pH values were measured at 24 hour intervals.
In this acute toxicity test with algae the 72-hour EC50 value was determined to be 4.6 mg/L, and the NOEC was determined as 1.0 mg/L based on growth rate.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

EU Privacy Disclaimer
This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our websites.